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    Columna Vertebralis in a Dolphin (Globicephala meleana)
    (Medwell Online, 2011) Ozmen, Erdal
    This study describes the vertebral column of a long-finned pilot whale, a member of the dolphin family using material from a dead specimen The vertebral bones were separated from the soft tissues and investigated anatomically. A dolphin's vertebral column is formed of 62 bones: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 17 lumbar and 26 caudal vertebrae. There are 5 visible cervical vertebrae (1st and 2nd are fused as are 5th and 6th). The first four thoracic vertebrae have 2 articular faces for ribs located at the tips of the transverse processes while the others have only one. The vertebral canal through the lumbar vertebrae has a triangular cross-section. The caudal vertebrae have various shapes. Although, the first 20 caudal vertebrae are not fully developed, they do have complete anatomical structures such as transverse and spinous processes and the last 19 have 2 symmetrically disposed foramina in their bodies. The vertebral foramen extends from the 1st cervical to the 17th caudal vertebra. Sacral vertebrae were not identified.
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    The lumbar dorsal rami of the wild pig: the intermediate branch
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2014) Kurtul, Ibrahim; Ates, Sevinc; Ozmen, Erdal; Takci, Lutfi; Steinke, Hanno
    This study has documented the intermediate branch of the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves in the lumbar region of 4 adult wild pigs. The lumbar spinal nerves at the L1-L4 levels left the vertebral canal through the intervertebral foramen. Upon the dissection of the 32 dorsal rami at these levels, 24 were displayed to construct 3 discrete branches while the remaining 8 were observed to form 2 typical branches. The dorsal rami were remarkably short, giving their branches in a fan-like spreading fashion. The lateral branches sent 2 to 3 smaller subbranches to the iliocostalis lumborum muscle, then became the cutaneous nerve. The medial branch innervated the medial component of the intertransversal and the multifidus muscles. The intermediate branch directed into the longissimus lumborum muscle, ramifying there and sending no cutaneous branches to the skin area. Four out of 8 dorsal rami dissected at L5 sent off the intermediate branch with roughly similar patterns and distributions to those seen at L1-L4. The dorsal branches at L6 were relatively longer, advanced dorsally, giving a constant branch, presumably the intermediate branch, to the caudal edge of the longissimus lumborum muscle. It then coursed upward through the subcutaneous fascia as the cutaneous nerve.