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    Amoebicidal activity of benzothiazole on Acanthamoeba castellanii cysts and trophozoites and its cytotoxic potentials
    (Elsevier, 2020) Ozpinar, Necati; Ozpinar, Hulya; Bakay, Berna Baysal; Tunc, Tutku
    Acanthamoeba spp. are free-living amoebae isolated from many ecological areas such as swimming pools, dams and lakes, and soil. Granulomatous amebic encephalitis and amebic keratitis, caused by Acanthamoeba spp., usually occurs in chronically ill, debilitated individuals, in immunosuppressed patients and treatment is quite difficult. This study aimed to determine the effect of benzothiazole on trophozoite and cyst forms of Acanthamoeba castellanii (A.castellanii). Axenic cultures of A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts were prepared to test the amoebicidal activity of benzothiazole. The concentrations of benzothiazole in 24-well plates were prepared as 0.08%, 0.04%, 0.02%, 0.01%, 0.005%, and A. castellanii cysts and trophozoites were added to these cultures. Parasites were counted at 0, 1/2, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h in the cell counter after staining with trypan blue. Cytotoxicity of benzothiazole on the WI-38 human fibroblast cell line was also tested. Between 0.08% and 0.01% concentrations of benzothiazole showed a strong amoebicidal activity at 24 and 48 h. A significant decrease in 0.005% concentration in the number of live trophozoites and cysts was detected between 6 and 48 h. As a result of the cytotoxicity studies, benzothiazole did not show any cytotoxic effect on the WI-38 human fibroblast cell line even at 1% concentration. Benzothiazole could be concluded as a new therapeutic agent against Acanthamoeba. On the other hand, in vivo studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of the biological effect.
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    BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF THREE Hypericum L. SPECIES
    (Trakya Univ Balkan Yerlesesi Enstituler Binasi, 2022) Eruygur, Nuraniye; Ozpinar, Necati; Ozpinar, Hulya; Atas, Mehmet; Tekin, Mehmet; Cevik, Ozge
    This study was performed in order to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, anti-Trichomonas vaginalis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of methanol extracts of aerial parts of Hypericum perforatum L., H. thymbrifolium Boiss. & Noe and H. thymopsis Boiss. The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts was tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 '-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging and iron chelating assays. The total phenol and flavonoid contents were also determined spectrophotometrically. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis were evaluated on MCF-7 breast cancer and PC3 prostate cancer cell line. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by the microdilution method on the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and the fungal strain Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). All extracts demonstrated cytotoxic activity on PC3 prostat cancer cell line with a concentration dependent manner, while H. thymopsis extract was the most active against cancer cell growth. The obtained results of the present study revealed that the methanol extract of H. perforatum, H. thymbrifolium and H. thymopsis have significant antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The results provided the basic research data for further phytochemical and biological activity guided investigations on these species for identication and isolation of potential drug active compounds.
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    Do antidiabetic drugs prevent the transformation of Acanthamoeba trophozoite into cyst form?
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Ozpinar, Necati; Karaman, Ulku; Ozpinar, Hulya; Dag, Seker
    This study examines the effects of three different drugs with metformin, acarbose and pioglitazone active ingredients used for antidiabetic purposes on Acanthamoeba cysts and trophozoites. Cultures of A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts were prepared to test the anti-amoebic activity of metformin, acarbose and pioglitazone. Cultures were then prepared for A. castellanii cyst and trophozoite forms and parasites were exposed to different concentrations (0.750 mg/mL, 0.375 mg/mL, 0.186 mg/mL and 0.093 mg/mL) of metformin, acarbose and pioglitazone. As a result of the study, the reproductive potential suppressive effects and conversion from trophozoite form to cyst form of all three substances on A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts were determined. Parasites were counted at 12, 24 and 48 hours in the cell counter after staining with trypan blue. In comparison of the effects of metformin, acarbose and pioglitazone used in the study on A. castellanii trophozoites and cysts, it was observed that all three substances were statistically effective against cysts and trophozoites at a concentration of 0.750 mg/mL. Furthermore, it was determined that all concentrations of the three active substances included in the study significantly decreased the rate of cyst formation even at the end of the 7th day. In this context, it was determined that all three substances have amebicidal effects, and they significantly inhibit the transformation of A. castellanii trophozoites to cyst form. It is thought that these active substances, which are currently used as anti-diabetic, can be used in combination with other drugs in A. castellanii infections based on our study findings.