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Öğe Evaluation of micro-tensile bond strength of caries-affected human dentine after three different caries removal techniques(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2012) Karaarslan, E. Sirin; Yildiz, E.; Cebe, M. A.; Yegin, Z.; Ozturk, B.Objective: This study evaluated the effect that different techniques for removing dental caries had on the strength of the microtensile bond to caries-affected human dentine created by three bonding agents. Materials and methods: Forty-five human molar teeth containing carious lesions were randomly divided into three groups according to the technique that would be used to remove the caries: a conventional bur, an Er:YAG laser or a chemo-mechanical Carisolv (R) gel (n = 15). Next, each of the three removal-technique groups was divided into three subgroups according to the bonding agents that would be used: Clearfil (R) SE Bond, G-Bond (R), or Adper (R) Single Bond 2 (n = 5). Three 1 mm(2) stick-shaped microtensile specimens from each tooth were prepared with a slow-speed diamond saw sectioning machine fitted with a diamond-rim blade (n = 15 specimens). For each removal technique one dentine sample was analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the resulting tensile strength of the bond among the techniques used to remove the caries and there were also statistically significant differences in the strength of the bond among the adhesive systems used. The etch-and-rinse adhesive system was the most affected by the technique used to remove the caries; of the three techniques tested, the chemo-mechanical removal technique worked best with the two-step self etch adhesive system. Conclusion: The bond strength values of the etch-and-rinse adhesive system were affected by the caries removal techniques used in the present study. However, in the one- and two-step self etch adhesive systems, bond strength values were not affected by the caries removal techniques applied. While a chemo-mechanical caries removal technique, similar to Carisolv (R), may be suggested with self etch adhesive systems, in caries removal techniques with laser, etch-and-rinse systems might be preferred. Clinical significance: Caries removal methods may lead to differences in the characteristics of dentine surface. Dentine ultra structure generally affects the bonding of adhesive materials commonly used in restorative dentistry. Whereas etch-and-rinse system, like the ones used in the present study, are affected by these changes, the self etch systems are not affected. Hence, clinicians may opt for caries removal methods and systems appropriate for each patient and practice. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Genetic differentiation of Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) populations as revealed by mtDNA PCR-RFLP analysis(Wiley, 2009) Turan, C.; Gurlek, M.; Yaglioglu, D.; Ozturk, B.The genetic population structure of Mediterranean horse mackerel, Trachurus mediterraneus, from seven locations throughout the Black, Marmara, Aegean and eastern Mediterranean seas was investigated using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the mtDNA 16S rDNA region. An approximately 2000-bp segment was screened in 280 individuals using six restriction enzymes, resulting in 10 composite haplotypes. The most common haplotype was present in 56.42% individuals; the next most frequent haplotype was present in 22.85% individuals. Average haplotype diversity within samples was moderate (0.38), and nucleotide diversity was low (0.00435). Mean nucleotide divergence for the seven sampling sites was 0.0028. Nucleotide divergence among samples was moderate, with the highest value detected between the Aegean Sea (Izmir) and the eastern Black Sea (Trabzon) populations (0.007055), and the lowest (-0.000043) between the Marmara Sea (Adalar) and the western Black Sea (Sile) populations. In Monte Carlo pairwise comparisons of haplotype frequencies, the Sinop from the middle Black Sea, Trabzon from the eastern Black Sea, and Iskenderun Bay from the north-eastern Mediterranean Sea exhibited highly significant (P < 0.001) geographical differentiation from each other and from all other populations. Mantel's test indicated that the nucleotide divergence among populations of T. mediterraneus was not significantly associated with their geographical isolation (r = -0.2963; P > 0.05). Consequently, the mtDNA 16S rDNA region provided evidence for the existence of three distinct T. mediterraneus populations (Sinop, Trabzon and Iskenderun Bay) in the Black and north-eastern Mediterranean seas.Öğe Storage of apricot 'Hacihaliloglu' under modified atmosphere and cold storage conditions(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2018) Ozturk, B.; Saritepe, Y.; Ozturk, K.; Didin, M.; Konak, R.Apricot 'Hacihaliloglu' at two different maturity periods was used in this study. This study was carried out at cold storage of 0-1 degrees C and relative humidity of 90-95% in Fruitage Research Institute laboratories. The effects of two different maturity periods, three different packaging materials (A, B and C from different brands), and two different packaging sizes (500 and 4000 g) were examined in the present study. Changes in physical, chemical and sensory properties of the apricots were examined, including tenderness, the amount of dried material, acidity, pH, color, loss of weight, taste, and shelf life of apricots during storage. Samples of the normal maturity period in larger size packages were able to be analyzed only up to 10 weeks due to spoilage; therefore, statistical analysis of these samples was done by using the data for 10 weeks. The other treatments at different maturity and in different packages were analyzed using data collected up to 13 weeks. Changes in quality and taste were not apparent for all treatments up to week 7. Differences in loss of weight of apricots were not significant for packages B and C. Use of packaging A showed 2.5% loss of weight between the first and last weeks of the study. The amount of dried material, acidity, and texture of the samples decreased, whereas the pH of the samples increased. The early harvested samples were found to be of better quality than the samples harvested at the normal maturity period. The quality of samples was found to be better in packages A and B, whereas treatment C was found to be better for taste criteria. The results for taste and quality of treatments showed that small packages were found to be better than larger packages.Öğe An updated review of alien species on the coasts of Turkey(Natl Centre Marine Research, 2011) Cinar, M. E.; Bilecenoglu, M.; Ozturk, B.; Katagan, T.; Yokes, M. B.; Aysel, V.; Dagli, E.This 2010 review of alien species along the coasts of Turkey represents a total of 400 alien species belonging to 14 systematic groups. The present paper also reports the first findings of Vanderhorstia mertensi in the Aegean Sea (Gokova Bay), Chama adspersa in the Sea of Marmara and Mya arenaria in the Aegean Sea. A total of 124 new alien species was determined within the last 5 years. Mollusca had the highest number of species (105 species), followed by Polychaeta (75 species), Crustacea (64 species) and Pisces (58 species). The highest number of alien species (330 species) were encountered on the Levantine coast of Turkey, followed by the Aegean Sea (165 species), Sea of Marmara (69 species) and Black Sea (20 species). The Suez Canal (66% of the total number of alien species) is the main vector for species introductions to the coasts of Turkey, followed by the shipmediated transport (30%). The majority of species (306 species, 76% of total number of species) have become established in the area, while 59 species are classified as casual (15%), 23 species as questionable (6%) and 13 species as cryptogenic (3%). One new alien species was introduced to the coasts of Turkey every 4 weeks between 199:1 and 2010. The majority of aliens were found on soft substratum (198 species) in shallow waters (0-10 m) (319 species). Some species such as Caulerpa racemosa, Amphistegina lobifera, Amphisorus hemprichii, Rhopilema nomadica, Mnemiopsis leidyi, Hydroides spp., Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Charybdis longicollis, Rapana venosa, Asterias rubens, Siganus spp. and Lagocephalus sceleratus show a highly invasive character, and have great impacts both on the prevailing ecosystems and humans.
