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Öğe Cost analysis and technical efficiency of dairy cattle farms: a case study of Artvin, Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2020) Aydemir, Aslihan; Gozener, Bilge; Parlakay, OguzIn this study, cost analysis and technical efficiency was performed for dairy cattle farms in Artvin province of Turkey, milk production costs were calculated and the factors influencing milk production were identified. Technical efficiency scores of dairy farms were also calculated with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Research data were gathered through the questionnaires with 118 dairy cattle farms selected through random sampling method. Total production costs per farm was calculated as 17 557.64 USD and 57.76% of such a sum was constituted by variable costs and 42.24% by fixed costs. The average cost of 1-liter milk was calculated as 0.32 USD. Of average active capital of the dairy cattle farms, 61.27% was composed of operational capital and 38.73% was composed of land capital. Economic rentability was 39.44%, financial rentability was 39.50% and rentability factor was 67.94%. Of milk production costs, 57.76% was composed of variable costs. According the DEA, average efficiency scores of dairy farms was identified as 65.00%. The Tobit analysis performed to put forth the relationships between DEA efficiency scores and socio-economic variables of the dairy farms revealed that inefficiency scores increased with increasing herd sizes.Öğe Determination of technical efficiency in broiler production using Data Envelopment Analysis method: a case study of Hatay Province in Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2021) Parlakay, Oguz; Cimrin, TulayThe province of Hatay, where the study was carried out, is in a strategic location in terms of its geographical location. It has advantages in terms of border trade both by port, sea and also by road. Therefore, it has the potential to meet both domestic and external demand. This study aims to measure the technical efficiency scores of broiler production farms located in Hatay province in southern Turkey. For this purpose, broiler farms operating in the province of Hatay were examined and data were collected from 19 broiler farms operating in the province using the Census method. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, which is often preferred in measuring the efficiency of the data, was used. Measurements were made with the input-oriented approach under the assumptions of DEA-CRS (Constant Return to Scale) and DEA-VRS (Variable Return to Scale). The Tobit regression model was used to determine the causes of inefficiency after DEA scores were calculated. In the analysis, the technical efficiency score was calculated with DEA - CRS as 0.95; and with DEA - VRS as 0.97. It has been determined that the broiler farms examined can produce at the same output level by reducing the inputs used in the current production technology by 5% according to the DEA-CRS approach and 3% according to DEA-VRS approach. Among the socio-economic variables that are thought to affect efficiency scores; it has been determined that operators having 15 years or more of experience cause inefficiency. As a result, it can be said that broiler farms operating in the province of Hatay operate efficient both in terms of input use and economies of scale. While it is determined that inefficient broiler farms use their labour excessively, better organisation of the labour can be suggested as a measure for broiler farms to work full efficient.Öğe Determination of technical efficiency in cotton growing farms in Turkey: A case study of Cukurova region(Academic Journals, 2009) Gul, Mevlut; Koc, Besir; Dagistan, Erdal; Akpinar, M. Goksel; Parlakay, OguzThis paper analyses technical efficiency of cotton farms in Cukurova region in Turkey. Data was collected from cotton farms through a questionnaire study. Data collection was carried out following 2004-2005 growing seasons. Technical efficiency of cotton farms was estimated by using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and technical efficiency scores were calculated employing an input oriented DEA. Tobit regression analysis was used to identify determinants of technical efficiency. Results indicate that cotton farmers can save inputs by at least 20% while remaining at the same production level. Factors strongly affecting efficiency level of the farmers were found to be farmers' age, education level and groups of cotton growing areas.Öğe Determination of technical efficiency in cotton production by using data envelopment and stochastic frontier analysis methods: a case study of Hatay Province in Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2021) Parlakay, Oguz; Semerci, Arif; Celik, Ahmet DuranThe main aim of this study is to determine the technical efficiency of cotton production in the province of Hatay, which is one of the major cotton production areas of Turkey. The data of the study were gathered from 136 cotton enterprises by the face-to-face survey method, and the Random Stratified Sampling method was used in determining the sample size. In the data analysis; the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), (Variable Return to Scale - Output Oriented), and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) methods, which are commonly being used in technical efficiency measurements of agricultural enterprises, were used. The determinants of technical efficiency were calculated by the Tobit Regression Analysis (for DEA) and TE Effects Model (for SFA). In the analysis, cotton yield per decare was considered as output; and seed usage (kg da(-1)), pure nitrate usage (kg da(-1)), pure phosphorus usage (kg da(-1)f), labor force (h da(-1)), machinery power (h da(-1)), pesticide cost (USD da(-1)) and the number of irrigation were considered as inputs. According to the analysis results, the technical efficiency score average of cotton enterprises was found as 0,82 with the DEA-VRS method and was found as 0,86 with the SFA method. Besides, it was found that the enterprises which produce cotton at the minimum efficiency level, could increase the cotton production amount by 78% according to the DEA-VRS, and by 0,72% according to the SFA method. The scale efficiency average was calculated as 0,97. It was concluded that the main reason for high scale efficiency was derived from a false input combination; nonetheless, it was determined that there were enterprises which weren't utilising scale efficiency. In the study, it was observed that some inputs were overused, such as the number of irrigation (36,79%), fertiliser-N (17,88%), and pesticide cost (8,22%). Hence, cotton yield could be increased with proper input combinations. Also, producer training activities about input usage levels and methods could be useful in order to increase awareness about the issue.Öğe Determination of technical efficiency in laying hen farms in Turkey: a case study of Hatay Province(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2022) Parlakay, Oguz; cimrin, Tulay; Tapki, Nuran; Akpinar, Gulsen copur; Yildirim, HakanThis research was conducted in the province of Hatay, which hosts a concentrated trading activity comprising of maritime and road transport activities as well as border trade and which is strategically significant due to its geographical location. This research aims to calculate and evaluate the technical efficiency scores of laying hen farms established in Hatay province in southern Turkey. For this purpose, research data were collected from 22 poultry egg enterprises operating in the province of Hatay using the Census method. Research data were analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, which is often referred for the measurement of efficiency. Socio-economic factors affecting technical efficiency scores were determined using the Tobit Regression model. Mean technical efficiency score, in the analysis, was computed as 0.95 using DEA - Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and 0.98 using DEA -Variable Return to Scale (VRS). The poultry egg enterprises examined have been determined to produce the same level of output when reducing the inputs used in the current production technology by 5% and 3% respectively in accordance with the DEA-CRS and DEA-VRS approaches. Socio-economic variables that are thought to have a statistically significant effect on the efficiency scores of the poultry egg enterprises were determined as education level and experience of the farmer; i.e. it has been determined that farmers with a lower formal education level and more experienced farmers are tend to be more efficient. As a result, it has been concluded that poultry egg enterprises operating in Hatay province are working efficiently in terms of both input use and economies of scale. Inefficient enterprises have been determined to have higher costs and higher labor utilization rates. It can be suggested that the workforce should be better organized regarding the measures that should be taken to ensure the full efficiency of laying hen farms operating in poultry egg production industry. Based on the conclusion that more experienced farmers are more efficient although they have lower formal education levels, it is suggested that the efficiency of the poultry egg farmers may be scaled up by organizing training programs that will improve their level of knowledge.Öğe Economic analysis of dairy cattle farms in east Mediterranean region of Turkey(Revista Brasileira Zootecnia Brazilian Journal Animal Sci, 2016) Yilmaz, Hilal; Gul, Mevlut; Akkoyun, Selcan; Parlakay, Oguz; Bilgili, Mehmet Emin; Vurarak, Yasemin; Hizli, HaticeThe purpose of this study was to calculate costs of milk production, gross production value, gross margin, absolute profit, and relative profit of dairy cattle farms located in the provinces of east Mediterranean region of Turkey. Primary data were collected from 148 dairy cattle farms designated using the Neyman Stratified Sampling method through surveys. Dairy farms were classified into four groups according to the number of cows. The data belong to the 2012 production season. A single product budget analysis method was used for calculating production costs. According to the results, variable costs amounted to 65.91% of total production costs. Feed cost (86.52%) was the main component of variable costs. The cost of 1 kg of milk, on average, was calculated as USD 0.261. The cost of milk was USD 0.499 on group 1 farms, USD 0.399 on group 2 farms, USD 0.272 on group 3 farms, and USD 0.233 on group 4 farms. Among the farms under study, average gross margin value was negative only on group 1 farm, and positive in all other groups. Absolute profit value was positive only on group 4 farm, and negative in all other groups. The average relative profit of the farms was 0.9067. The expansion of dairy farms could be reached by reducing the feed cost as well as increasing the scale of farms.Öğe Estimating technical efficiency of dairy farms in turkey: a case study of Hatay Province(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2015) Parlakay, Oguz; Semerci, Arif; Celik, Ahmet DuranThe dairy sector plays a considerable role in the agricultural sector and is major source of household income for many farmers in Turkey. This study aims to estimate the technical efficiency for dairy farms in Hatay province of Turkey. The data obtained from 138 dairy farms, were analysed using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. Annual milk production quantity, concentrate feed, roughage feed, veterinary costs, and human labour were used in the analysis as variables of efficiency model. The Tobit Regression Model was used to calculate the DEA scores in order to establish the causes of inefficiencies. According to the results of the DEA model, mean technical efficiency scores estimated for the Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) were 0.64 and 0.69, respectively. Inefficiency stems from a certain amount of product which can't be produced using the minimum input. Efficiencies are positively correlated with herd size, concentrate feed ratio, and farmers' experience. However, only herd size and concentrate feed ratio are statically significant with a level of 5 %. The increased herd size and concentrate feed ratio in total feed will enhance the profitability.Öğe Gross margin analysis in dairy cattle: a case study of Hatay Province, Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2014) Semerci, Arif; Parlakay, Oguz; Celik, Ahmet DuranMain objective of this study is to calculate the gross margin for the dairy cattle enterprises in the Hatay Province in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Main material of the study consists of the primary data compiled by the surveys from 141 dairy cattle breeder enterprises which are determined by layered random sampling method. Data obtained from the research area in 2013 is reviewed according to the enterprises' size groups and enterprises' fair average on the basis of the number of suckling cow. According to the results of the study, in the enterprises reviewed, there is an average of 4.87 heads suckling cow and 7.85 Large Animal Unit (LAU) per enterprise. In the enterprises it is determined that an average of 27 tons of milk is produced in one lactation period. Milk yield per suckling cow is 5.6 ton/lactation. Among the enterprises surveyed, 59% of them had 1-4 head, 33% had 5-9 head and 8% had 10 head and above suckling cows. It has been also determined that the feed cost was the highest as 81.6% in the variable costs in the dairy cattle breeder enterprises according to the enterprise mean values. Following this, there were the veterinary-medicine costs (8.2%), electricity costs (2.4%), variable labour costs (1.8%), water and cleaning supplies (1.8%), artificial insemination costs (1.6%) and other costs (2.6 %). When the dairy cattle breeder enterprises are examined according to their size groups, it is seen that large enterprises (10 head and above) have produced more milk per suckling cow and gained higher milk yield and more gross margin compared to the small (1-4 head) and middle (5-9 head) enterprises.Öğe Identifying Technical Efficiency of Dairy Cattle Management in Rural Areas Through a Non-Parametric Method: A Case Study for the East Mediterranean in Turkey(Medwell Online, 2009) Dagistan, Erdal; Koc, Besir; Gul, Mevlut; Parlakay, Oguz; Akpinar, M. GokselThere are many aspects regarding the success of dairy cattle management and productivity. In this study, amount and kinds of feed, costs of veterinary consultancy, herd size, labor and capital were utilized to estimate technical efficiency of dairy cattle management in small scale farms in the east Mediterranean region of Turkey. A non-parametric efficiency analysis was used for the data obtained through face-to-face interviews in 100 small scale farms. We used tobit regression analysis to determine the effectiveness of possible factors affecting production performances of the farms. The results suggested that the average technical efficiency is unsatisfactory since Constant Returns to Scale (CRS) and Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) values are relatively <1 (0.59 and 0.83, respectively). Only 13 and 46% of the farms were found to be efficient in terms of CRS and VRS, respectively. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) showed that the farms had excess input usage ranging from 10-22%. To increase efficiency scores in subsidiary profit farms in semi-arid east Mediterranean conditions, farmers should adopt new methodologies, which decrease the costs and excess input usage in such semi-pasture management systems.Öğe Organic food awareness in Turkey(United Arab Emirates Univ, 2015) Demirtas, Bekir; Parlakay, Oguz; Tapki, NuranThe objective of this study was to determine which variables may affect consumers' knowledge and awareness about organic foods in Turkey. The data was collected from 786 consumers who live in urban areas and it was analyzed by means of multinomial logistic regression model. The level of consumer awareness is calculated as 38%. A relationship was found between level of awareness of organic foods and consumers' education and income levels, as well as earlier experience of organic food consumption and living standards. Education and income level are the most important factors affecting organic food awareness. It is suggested that regional general evaluation should be carried out in studies on consumer behavior. Organic food producers should focus on awareness of the consumer and building marketing system from urban areas to small towns. Increasing of public support is important to defeat high price disadvantage of organic foods. It is presented that organic food consuming rate could be increased by increasing organic food awareness in the research area.Öğe Production cost and technical efficiency in the enterprises producing sunflower in dry conditions: a case study of Edirne, Turkey(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2016) Parlakay, Oguz; Gozener, Bilge; Sayili, MuratThe aim of this study is to determine the production cost of sunflower produced for oil in dry conditions and to estimate the technical efficiency of the enterprises. In this context, main material of the study consists of the data gathered by the surveying of the 112 enterprises determined randomly that produce sunflower in Edirne which are chosen deliberately since sunflower production is excessively. In the study, production cost is determined by calculating the production expenses and the revenue gained by this production. Also, technical efficiency scores of the enterprises are estimated by using Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methods. As a result of the calculations, sunflower production cost is determined as 585,36 USD tonnes-1, and the revenue from the production (except for the supports) is determined as 560,00 USD tonnes-1. Also, technical efficiency scores are estimated with SFA as 0,87 and with DEA-VRS as 0,83. From the findings, it is understood that without supports given for the sunflower production, producers would make a loss and the supports should be continued.Öğe TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY OF DAIRY CATTLE FARMS IN EAST MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2018) Gul, Mevlut; Yilmaz, Hilal; Parlakay, Oguz; Akkoyun, Selcan; Bilgili, Mehmet Emin; Vurarak, Yasemin; Hizli, HaticeThis study aimed to determine the efficiency level of dairy cattle farms in provinces of East Mediterranean Region in Turkey. The data were gathered by questionnaire from 148 dairy farms in the areas of Adana, Osmaniye, Mersin, Hatay and Kahramanmaras. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) method was used to calculate efficiency scores. Our analysis carried out in two steps. Firstly, technical efficiency scores were computed employing an input-oriented DEA. Technical efficiency value was amounted to be 78%. In the second phase, the relationship between the value of defined socio-economic variables and the value of obtained technical efficiency scores were calculated by the Tobit regression analysis. The annual milk production per cow was used in the study as the dependent variable. Concentrates, roughage, health expenditures, other variable expenditures, workforce and capital expenditures were considered per cow as independent variables. 5% statistically meaningful and positive relationship was determined by the value of technical efficiencies and rate of the family labour and herd size. It was decided that artificial insemination and farmer's age had a negative effect on the efficiency and it was at a 10% level, statistically meaningful.