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Öğe Cereals in choice feeding of finishing broiler chickens(Garuda Scientific Publications, 2003) Sahin, ATo examine the choice feeding of cereals, ninety six birds aged 16-d were divided into 4 experimental groups with 4 replication each. Experimental groups were control (C), wheat selecting (WS), sorghum selecting (SS) and maize selecting (MS) group. Control chickens were fed on commercial feed. Choice-fed broiler chickens were offered a choice of a concentrate feed and one of the whole cereals. Choice fed-broiler chickens consumed less protein (from 27.8 g to 23.6 g per bird) in comparison to that of control chickens (P<0.01). Performance and body components, efficiencies for protein, energy and feed were not different among experimental groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, usage of cereals bit choice feeding of finishing broiler has a potential for minimising protein cost without any detrimental effect, especially selection of wheat and sorghum.Öğe Comparison of the behaviour of Awassi lambs in cafeteria feeding system with single diet feeding system(Elsevier, 2004) Keskin, M; Sahin, A; Biçer, O; Gül, SThis study was carried out to compare behavioural activities of Awassi lambs in cafeteria feeding system with conventional feeding (control) that animals fed concentrate. Sixteen, 3-month-old male lambs were housed individually for 42 days. The main effect was on the feeding systems, cafeteria and control. Cafeteria lambs (n = 8) were offered the main ingredients (barley, cotton seed meal (CSM), wheat bran and alfalfa straw), while control animals (n = 8) were fed a single diet (48% barley, 22% cottonseed meal, 18% wheat bran, 10% alfalfa and 2% vitamin-mineral mixture; having 2467 Kcal ME and 161 g kg(-1)) with the same main ingredients with slightly higher nutrient content for growth. Food and water intakes were recorded daily, while behavioural observations were recorded twice a week for a period of I h at 5 min intervals at 13:00, 16:00, 19:00, 22:00, 01:00, 04:00, 07:00 and 10:00 h after the initiation of daily feeding. After every 5 min, each lamb was monitored to determine its eating, ruminating, drinking, walking, standing, playing, resting and other activities. Cafeteria lambs selected a diet that matched their growth requirement as did control lambs. However, cafeteria lambs ate more (P < 0.01). Cafeteria animals preferred cotton seed meal (42.4%) to barley (32.9%) without changing their water intake, final live weight and daily gain (P > 0.05). Cafeteria lambs also had higher rates of eating (22% versus 19%, P < 0.01), ruminating (24% versus 23%, P > 0.05) and resting (29% versus 23%, P < 0.01) than the control lambs. On the other hand, cafeteria lambs spent less time standing (19% versus 25%, P < 0.01) and walking (1.5% versus 2.1%, P < 0.01) compared with control animals. In conclusion, cafeteria lambs selected a diet that matched their presumed biological (behavioral and nutritional) needs without changing their growth performance. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Diet selection by Awassi lambs fed individually in a cafeteria feeding system(Elsevier Science Bv, 2003) Sahin, A; Keskin, M; Biçer, O; Gül, SThis study was designed to monitor Awassi lambs in a cafeteria feeding system with respect to diet selection and growth in comparison to conventional feeding. Sixteen, 3-month-old male lambs were used and kept individually for 70 days. The main effect was the feeding system (cafeteria and control or conventional). Cafeteria lambs (n = 8) were offered the main ingredients (barley, cotton seed meal (CSM), wheat bran and alfalfa straw), while control animals (n = 8) were fed a single diet containing 10.3 MJ ME, 161 g crude protein, 95 g crude fiber kg(-1) with the same ingredients. Cafeteria animals preferred a lower caloric (10.1 MJ ME kg(-1)), but a higher nitrogenous (178 g CP kg(-1)) and fibrous (98 g CIF kg(-1)) diet than control animals (P<0.01). This occurred without a change in food intake, final live weight, daily gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), hot carcass weight or dressing percentage (P>0.05). Cafeteria lambs can eat a maximal amount of 446 g CSM or 560 g barley kg(-1) according to their stage of growth or fattening. Lambs were different with respect to diet selection patterns. In conclusion, lambs can consume a diet matching their presumed nutritional requirements from feed ingredients and determine their priorities for protein and energy in response to growth and fattening without changing their performance in comparison to single-fed lambs. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of varying dietary energy on growth and feeding behaviour of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, under experimental conditions(Elsevier, 2005) Yilmaz, E; Sahin, A; Duru, M; Akyurt, IIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of five isonitrogenous (35% CP) diets I, II, III, IV and V, having respective energy contents 10.85,11.82,12.73,13.69 and 15.06 MJ DE kg(-1) on feeding behaviour and growth of common carp with relation to each other. These energetic diets were made by additions of different amount of soy-acid oil with equalizing dietary protein content. Experimental fishes were grouped as Group I, II, III, IV and V. Each group of fish was fed on their respective diet (Group I was fed diet I). Diets were offered to fishes twice a day as two meals at 9:00 a.m. and 17:00 p.m. for 60 days. Behavioural observations were recorded twice a week at 10 min intervals for I h period. Fish that had the lowest energetic diet showed the best growth and feed conversion ratio compared to those fed with higher energetic diets (P < 0.05). In addition, fishes that had the lowest energetic diet were more active than the others with respect to total (swimming + foraging + grouping + attention to servicer) activity (P < 0.01). The present results suggested that soy-acid oil should not be used in common carp diet to increase its energy content. Experimental fishes were more active in the mornings than evenings (P < 0.01), showing the common carp is a typical diurnal eater. In conclusion, the current results showed that high energetic diets decreased the appetite of fish, as evidenced the reduction in growth, feed intake, foraging activity and attention to the servicer. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of raw material in finisher diet on broiler performance in choice feeding system(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2006) Sahin, A; Duru, M; Kaya, S; Camci, ÖThis experiment was designed to assess the usage of wheat or maize with cotton seed meal in free choice feeding system under experimental condition with respect to feed intake, diet selection, growth performance and some carcass parameters in broiler chickens. In total, 114 female broiler chicks (28-d, 1416 +/- 14.5 g) were divided into 7 experimental groups, each including 15 to 17 birds kept individually. Control birds were fed finisher diet while treatment groups were subjected to free choice feeding with two different feeds - energetic diet, nitrogenous diet - which were offered to chicks in separate feeders simultaneously for 14 days. Six energetic feeds Were made by additions to finisher diet with either maize or wheat at 20%, 40% and 80%, separately, while 3 nitrogenous feeds were made by the same previous addition levels with cotton seed meal. Feeds having same inclusion rates for both energetic and nitrogenous diets were offered birds simultaneously to make treatment groups (20W&CSM, 20M&CSM, 40W&CSM, 40M&CSM, 80W&CSM, 80M&CSM). Finisher diet included 200 g crude protein and 12.97 MJ ME kg(-1). At the end of experiment, birds were sacrificed to determine their carcass parameters. The results showed that 20 and 40% dietary inclusion of raw materials to finisher diet in free choice feeding system provided similar performance and carcass parameters as' finisher diet alone, suggesting that finisher diet can be diluted 20% with one of ground cereals wheat or maize and cotton seed meal in free choice feeding system to save approximately 8% feed cost.Öğe Ferula eleaochytris powder effect in layer diet on feed intake and some egg parameters using a multivariate analysis method for repeated measures(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2005) Sahinler, S; Sahin, A; Gorgulu, OA study was carried out to test the effect of Ferula eleaochytris root powder (FE) on feed intake and some egg parameters of laying hens by using the multivariate test for repeated measures. FE treatment affected fresh egg shell weight (P < 0.05), dry egg shell weight (P < 0.01) and consequently lowered shell thickness (P < 0.01) even though FE2 treatment increased feed intake (P < 0.05). Egg weight, egg albumen weight, egg yolk weight and egg production were not affected by FE treatment (P > 0.05). FE appears to have a negative effect on calcium absorption from gastro-intestinal tract.Öğe Vitamin E supplement in honey bee colonies to increase cell acceptance rate and royal jelly production(Int Bee Research Assoc, 2005) Sahinler, N; Gül, A; Sahin, AThis study was carried out to determine the effects of different colony feeding methods on queen cell acceptance rates and royal jelly (RJ) production: (1) pollen substitute (PS), (2) PS + vitamin E (PS+V-E), (3) sugar syrup (SS), (4) sugar syrup + vitamin E (SS+V-E), and (5) no supplementary feed (control, C). Royal jelly production (g per cell) was 0.25, 0.26 0.23, 0.25 and 0.21; average colony yield (g) per harvest 32.1, 33.2, 31.0, 34.6, and 25.0; and total colony production (g) 96.2, 99.6, 93.0, 103.9, and 75.0 in groups PS, PS+V-E, SS, SS+V-E, and C, respectively. Any form of supplementary feeding improved RJ production relative to controls. Total colony production and average colony yield per harvest were highest in those colonies fed SS+V-E or PS+V-E. A benefit of supplementary V-E was more apparent for sugar syrup than for pollen substitute; total colony production and average colony yield per harvest were significantly higher for SS+V-E colonies than for SS, whereas no such benefit was shown between the pollen substitute groups.
