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Öğe Behavioural Responses of Dairy Calves to Cafeteria Feeding vs. Single Feeding(Medwell Online, 2009) Boga, Mustafa; Sahin, Ahmet; Kilic, Unal; Gorgulu, MuratThis study was carried out to investigate whether cafeteria feeding affects behaviour of newborn milk fed dairy calves. Twenty Holstein Friesian calves were divided into two treatment groups single (TMR) and cafeteria feeding. Each calf was observed once a week for a period of I h at 5 min intervals at different times of a day after the initiation of daily feeding to monitor eating, ruminating, drinking, licking objects, playing, resting, body care and idle standing activities. The proportional count of eating, ruminating, drinking, licking objects, playing, resting, body care and idle standing were determined as 5.33, 6.52; 5.56, 8.89; 1.36, 1.09; 5.61, 5.14; 2.19, 1.60; 64.00, 62.58; 2.89, 3.59, 12.82 and 10.14%, respective to feeding systems TMR and cafeteria. There were not any statistically significant difference between cafeteria and TMR calves with respect to growth performance and blood parameters, except urea concentration, which was higher in cafeteria calves. In conclusion, cafeteria feeding increased welfare status of calf by decreasing idle standing behaviour and increasing body care without affecting growth performance significantly. Also, pre-ruminant calves in cafeteria feeding are able to make their own diet, more nitrogenous and less fibrous, as more appropriate to their digestive physiology.Öğe Comparison of the thermoregulatory behaviours of low and high producing dairy cows in a hot environment(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Tapki, Ibrahim; Sahin, AhmetThis study was carried out to compare the thermoregulatory behaviours of low and high producing dairy cows in a hot environment. Forty-one Holstein Friesian cows in their first lactation were allocated to two groups (n = 21 for group 1, n = 20 for group 2) on the basis of their milk production: low (< 20 kg) and high (> 25 kg). For a period of 4 weeks, and 2 days per week, the behaviour of each cow was registered every 10 min for 6 h (06:00-07:00 h, 10:00-11:00 h, 13:00-14:00 h, 16:0017:00 h, 20:00-21:00 h and 23:00-00:00 h), recording the frequency of eating, drinking, ruminating, standing, resting and locomotion. When air temperature increased from 06:00 a.m. to 16:00 p.m., the frequencies of eating (31.7-17.4%) and ruminating (18.1-14.6%) decreased while standing (25.0-38.4%) and drinking (5.2-7.4%) increased in high producing dairy cow (P < 0.001). However, the changes the respective frequencies for low producing dairy cows were 21.5-15.7% for eating, 12.417.3% for ruminating, 23.1-33.8% for standing and 2.1-5.9% for drinking during the same times of day (P < 0.001). However, the changes the respective frequencies for low producing dairy cows were 21.5-15.7% for eating, 12.4-17.3% for ruminating, 23.1-33.8% for standing and 2.1-5.9% for drinking during the same times of day (P < 0.001). Overall, low and high producing dairy cows showed 14.3% versus 18.5% eating, 2.8% versus 4.5% drinking, 21.0% versus 19.4% ruminating, 28.4% versus 30.1% standing, 26.0% versus 24.1% resting, 5.5% versus 1.7% locomotor and 2.1% versus 1.7% other activities, respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, high producing dairy cows were more sensitive than low producing dairy cows as shown by the former cows spending more time in standing but less time resting and in locomotor activity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Diet selection and eating behaviour of lactating goats subjected to time restricted feeding in choice and single feeding system(Elsevier Science Bv, 2008) Gorgulu, Murat; Boga, Mustafa; Sahin, Ahmet; Serbester, Ugur; Kutlu, Hasan Ruestue; Sahinler, SuatThis study was carried out to investigate diet selection and eating behaviour of lactating German Fawn x Hair Crossbred,oats in different feeding methods and levels. Twenty German Fawn x Flair first backcross does (B(1)) were allocated into 4 treatment groups (2 feeding methods single (TMR) and choice feeding x 2 feeding levels act libitum and restricted) with 5 replicates. Restricted feeding was applied only 4 h feed allocation during day. Barley, corn, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, wheat bran and alfalfa hay were Deed ingredients for single and choice feeding. Eating patterns, milk yield and composition were determined for S weeks. The following results were obtained: (1) the meal criteria for goats restricted single and choice-fed, ad libitum single and choice-fed were determined as 1.00 and 0.63, 12.88 and 10.23 min, respectively. (2) Ad libitum feeding increased meal size, meal length, intermeal interval, total eating duration and decreased eating rate and meal number. compared to restricted feeding (p<0.01). Choice feeding decreased meal size (P<0.05), meal length (p<0.01) and increased eating rate and meal number (P<0.01), compared to single feeding. Restricted fed goats decreased intermeal interval in single feeding compared to choice feeding (P<0.01), but increased meal number in choice feeding (P<0.01). (3) Ad libitum choice-fed does made a diet containing 12.79% corn, 35.41% barley. 13.21% wheat bran, 5.35% soybean meal, 1.28% corn gluten meal and 29.80% alfalfa meal while restricted choice-fed does made a diet having more corn (27.69%), corn gluten meal (5.62%) and wheat bran (16.17%) and less barley (14.37%) and soybean meal (4.51%). (4) Choice feeding decreased RUP intake (P<0.05) without affecting milk protein, irrespective to feeding levels, while having a tendency to increase in milk yield (14.2%) and 4% FCM (8.8%). (5) Restricted feeding decreased DM, ME. ADF and NDF intakes (P<0.05) with concomitant decreases in 4% FCM, total milk solid, ash and fat compositions (P<0.05), irrespective to feeding methods. (6) Choice-fed goats changed their preferences for a possible synchronized nutrient intake during a daytime, as sorted barley, soybean meal and alfalfa hay from early morning to late afternoon. It could be concluded that choice-fed goats have the ability to make their diet to meet nutrient requirements and had a tendency to increase in milk yield. Restriction in feeding time resulted in lower feed intake and milk yield. although the animal changed their feed preference in favour of high quality ingredients and eating pattern with lower meal criterion and intermeal interval. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Dietary threonine supplementation for improving growth performance and edible carcass parts in Japanese quails, Coturnix coturnix Japonica(2006) Baylan, Mikail; Canogullari, Sibel; Ayasan, Tugay; Sahin, AhmetThe present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary threonine amino acid supplementation on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Japanese quails. Day old, two hundred and seventy quail chicks were divided into six dietary treatment groups comprising 45 birds each, which consisted of 3 subgroups containing 15 birds for each replicate. Experimental diets were prepared and contained 0.81, 0.86, 0.91, 0.96, 1.01 and 1.06 % threonine amino acid, respective to groups 1-6, on fresh matter basis. Birds were fed these experimental diets respective to treatment for 35 days. Total feed intakes and the changes in body weights were determined on weekly basis. At the end of experiment 35-d, birds were killed humanly to determine their edible carcass parts. Results showed that threonine supplementation to the diet did not affect growth performance and edible carcass parts (p>0.05), assuming that birds can make metabolic adaptation to current dietary threonine supplementations. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2006.Öğe The Effect of Prina (Olive Cake) Feeding Methods on Growth Performance and Behaviour of Awassi Lambs(Friends Science Publ, 2011) Beken, Yeliz; Sahin, AhmetThis study was carried out to investigate whether prina (olive cake) affects growth performance when given in diet or separately in choice feeding. Twenty four Awassi lambs were divided into three groups control, prina and choice. Control lambs were fed on lamb grower conteined 18% crude protein. Prina lambs were fed on a diet that 20% prina diluted concentrate feed including 20% crude protein. Choice lambs were offered a choice of concentrate feed and prina simultaneously. Treatments did not affect lambs growth performance negatively. Prina in concentrate and choice feeding increased ruminating behaviour without affecting animal health, suggesting that prina can be used in lamb nutrition to lower feed cost. However, lambs voluntarily consumed prina in smaller amout about 3.6% of diet, most likely due to its wooden content. (C) 2011 Friends Science PublishersÖğe Effect of Seed Powder of a Herbal Legume Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) on Growth Performance, Body Components, Digestive Parts, and Blood Parameters of Broiler Chicks(Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2013) Duru, Metin; Erdogan, Zeynep; Duru, Asuman; Kucukgul, Altug; Duzguner, Vesile; Kaya, D. Alpaslan; Sahin, AhmetThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Trigonella foenum-graceum L. seed powder (TFGSP) on growth performance, blood glucose, protein and lipid profile of broilers (Ross-308). One hundred ninety two, 1-d old mixed sex broiler chicks were allocated to 5 dietary treatments in which 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g TFGSP doses per kg commercial broiler diet were added for a period of 42 days. The results showed that body weight and the breast weight decreased after TFGSP treatment compared to control (P<0.05). Feed intake decreased after 5 g TFGSP treatment while 40 g TFGSP treatment decreased feed efficiency and leg weight compared to control (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in weights of digestive system parts, except duodenum weight and lipid oxidation between control and treatment groups. A 20 g TFGSP treatment enhanced blood glucose level (P<0.01), but decreased triglyceride level (P<0.01) compared to control. At 40 g TFGSP the blood cholesterol decreased (P<0.05) but LDL level increased compared to control (P<0.01). In conclusion, TFGSP addition to broiler diet decreased appetite and, consequently, reduced growth performance, more likely, attributting to the enhanced blood glucose level.Öğe Effect of space allowance on behaviour of newborn milk-fed dairy calves(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Tapki, Ibrahim; Sahin, Ahmet; Onal, Ali GalipThis study was carried out to investigate the behaviour of newborn milk-fed dairy calves in different sized individual pens. Twenty-one Holstein Friesian calves were allocated to three different sized pen types (small 1 m x 1.5 m, medium 1.5 m x 1.5 m and large 2 m x 2 m) located in a semi-open barn for 60 days following 3-day colostrum feeding. Each calf was observed twice a week for 1 h at 5 min intervals in different times of a day after the initiation of daily feeding. Animals were monitored for eating, ruminating, drinking, walking, standing, playing and resting activities. The proportional count of eating 17.10, 19.74, 20.02%; ruminating, 13.21, 16.42, 14.81 %; drinking 1.42, 2.18, 0.84%; walking 0.76, 4.23, 5.85%; standing 23.34, 19.66, 15.07%; playing 2.11, 2.80, 2.59% and resting 39.95, 30.60, 38.46% respective to the space allowances small, medium and large were found significantly different (P < 0.01). Space allowance differences did not significantly affect calf starter intake and alfalfa hay intake as found no significant effect on daily live weight gain (P > 0.05). Results showed that the increased space allowances from 1.5 to 4 m(2) for each calf changed the behaviour of dairy calves. Space allowance of 1.5 m(2) for each calf resulted in the higher percentage of standing behaviour compared to the larger space allowances. In conclusion, there was no effect of space allowance on daily live weight gain of dairy calves; but most likely, feel themselves better when kept in medium and large sized pens based on the determined behavioural results. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of Dietary Tribulus terrestris L. Powder on Growth Performance, Body Components and Digestive System of Broiler Chicks(Garuda Scientific Publications, 2009) Sahin, AhmetTo test whether Tribulus terretris (TT) vegatative powder can be used as alternative to antibiotics in the diet of broiler chicks, 240 mixed sex day old broiler chicks were divided equally into four treatment groups fed basal diet supplemented with 0.06% alfamune and 0.025% flavomycine (control) or 4, 8, 12 g TT powder per kg. At all levels TT treated birds ate and gained less during 0-35 d. However, during the last week they ate at higher rate and exhibited compensatory growth. TT treated birds did not utilise food efficiently. TT decreased carcass yield (%) and increased weights of proventriculus, ileum + jejunum and empty gut. TT-treated broiler chicks survived as well as antibiotic supplemented ones. The use of TT powder as a feed additive may serve to produce antibiotic free poultry meat for better acceptability among consumers.Öğe Effects of Different Selection Methods for Body Weight on Some Genetic Parameters in Japanese Quail(Medwell Online, 2009) Baylan, Mikail; Canogullari, Sibel; Sahin, Ahmet; Copur, Gulsen; Baylan, MakbuleThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects on some genetic parameters of different selection methods for Body Weight (BW) in Japanese quail. For this aim, line M-55 was subjected to individual selection for 5 weeks BW while a reciprocal recurrent selection method was applied to lines R-33 and S-55 Selection lasted 2 generations. In individual lines, the percentage deviation of body weight was an average of 1.41, 1.73 and 2.19% in the 1st generation males, females and mixed sex, respectively. These parameters reached 5.57, 7.44 and 6.29% in the 2nd generation. In the reciprocal recurrent selection, heterosis of BW in the crossbred birds occurred in the positive direction and was 3.22 and 1.95% for R3S5 and S5R3, respectively in the 1st generation. In the 2nd generation, heterosis was calculated as 6.50 and 7.31% in R3S5 and S5R3, respectively, higher than the 1st generation. At the end of the 2 generations, R3S5 had higher heterosis than S5R3 BW increase was similar in the 2 selection methods. Heritability of BW in the individual lines was 0.27 and 0.73 in the 1st and 2nd generation, respectively. In the reciprocal selection, heritability of BW was estimated as 0.37 and 0.19 in the 1st generation and 0.17 and 0.27 in the 2nd generation for R3S5 and S5R3, respectively. As a result, at the end of the 2 generations of selection, an improvement in BW increase was obtained in both selection methods. If selection is continued in these lines, this may be important especially with regards BW.
