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Öğe Biochemical composition of honeys produced in Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2004) Sahinler, N; Sahinler, S; Gul, AThe biochemical properties of 50 honey samples produced in the Hatay region of Turkey were determined. Analyses were appropriate to the honey standards TSE (institute of Turkish Standards) and CODEX The characterizations were as follows: average mineral content (0.32 %), moisture (16.03 %), acidity (40.41 meq kg(-1)), hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (10.71 mg kg(-1)), diastase (10.31 number), invert sugar (57.83%), pH (4.12), proteins (0.76 %), sucrose (2.39 %), and electrical conductivity (0.69 mS/cm). Except for invert sugar content, the honey from Hatay region meets the quality standards of TSE, CODEX and European Union, even if there are some differences among counties in the region. These quality disparities may be addressed by developing targeted beekeeper education programmes to improve honey harvesting, processing and storing practices.Öğe Effects of feeding, age of the larvae, and queenlessness on the production of royal jelly(Plenum Press Div Plenum Publishing Corp, 1997) Sahinler, N; Kaftanoglu, OThe effects of feeding, the age of the larvae and queenlessness on the acceptance rates and royal jelly production were studied. The average acceptance rates were 65.0+/-0.82% ind queenright cell builders and 87.1+/-1.08% in queenless cell builders. Feeding colonies with pollen substitute increased the acceptance rates significantly (P<0.01) in queenless cell builders but not in queenright cell builders (P>0.05). The age of the larvae was also important on the acceptance of the cells. The acceptance rates of 1 or 2 days old larvae were higher than that of 3 days old larvae in both queenless and queenright colonies. In queenright cell builders the average royal jelly yields were 153.7+/-4.27 mg per cell when they were fed with sugar syrup and 185.3+/-5.68 mg when pollen substitute was given besides sucrose syrup. In the queenless cell builders the average yields were 189.3+/-9.11 mg in the sugar syrup fed and 225.6+/-14.52 mg in the pollen substitute fed colonies. In general royal jelly yield was much higher in queenless cell builders than that of queenright. Feeding colonies with pollen substitutes in addition to sucrose syrup increased the royal jelly yield by 36% in queenright colonies and 40% in queenless colonies. The best result were obtained by grafting one day old larvae in queenless cell builders that were fed with pollen substitute and sucrose syrup.Öğe Natural product propolis: Chemical composition(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2005) Sahinler, N; Kaftanoglu, OThe chemical composition of propolis from East Mediterranean (Hatay, Adana and Mersin) was studied in order to determine the major compounds by using GC-MS. In this study, the ethanolic extract of propolis prepared by mixing 1900 mL 70% ethanol and 100 g propolis was used. Chemical analysis of propolis extracts indicated that the propolis samples had high concentrations of the aromatic acids, esters and other derivatives which are responsible for the anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of propolis such as benzyl cinnamate, methyl cinnamate, caffeic acid, cinnamyl cinnamate and cinnamoylglcine besides the most common compounds as fatty acid, terpenoids, esters, alcohols hydrocarbons and aromatic acids.Öğe Vitamin E supplement in honey bee colonies to increase cell acceptance rate and royal jelly production(Int Bee Research Assoc, 2005) Sahinler, N; Gül, A; Sahin, AThis study was carried out to determine the effects of different colony feeding methods on queen cell acceptance rates and royal jelly (RJ) production: (1) pollen substitute (PS), (2) PS + vitamin E (PS+V-E), (3) sugar syrup (SS), (4) sugar syrup + vitamin E (SS+V-E), and (5) no supplementary feed (control, C). Royal jelly production (g per cell) was 0.25, 0.26 0.23, 0.25 and 0.21; average colony yield (g) per harvest 32.1, 33.2, 31.0, 34.6, and 25.0; and total colony production (g) 96.2, 99.6, 93.0, 103.9, and 75.0 in groups PS, PS+V-E, SS, SS+V-E, and C, respectively. Any form of supplementary feeding improved RJ production relative to controls. Total colony production and average colony yield per harvest were highest in those colonies fed SS+V-E or PS+V-E. A benefit of supplementary V-E was more apparent for sugar syrup than for pollen substitute; total colony production and average colony yield per harvest were significantly higher for SS+V-E colonies than for SS, whereas no such benefit was shown between the pollen substitute groups.
