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Öğe Accumulation of some heavy metals in Hysterothylacium aduncum (Nematoda) and its host sea bream, Sparus aurata (Sparidae) from North-Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Iskenderun Bay)(Springer, 2011) Dural, Meltem; Genc, Ercument; Sangun, M. Kemal; Guner, OzlemThe sea bream's nematode and Sparus aurata, sampled from the Iskenderun Bay, Mediterranean, in March 2008 were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry for their some heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mg, Pb, and Zn) levels. The metal concentrations of the parasites were compared to different organs (liver, muscle, gill, intestine, and skin) of the fish hosts. There were significant differences in Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Hg, Mg, and Pb concentrations in tissues of fish and its parasite. The parasite Cd, Cu, and Pb concentration was higher than the other tissues. Furthermore, significant differences were detected in the heavy metal accumulations between the parasitized and unparasitized fish tissues in Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb concentrations. The Cd, Hg, and Pb concentrations were found in fish muscle at mean concentrations over the permissible limits proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization.Öğe Accumulation of Some Heavy Metals Seasonally in Hysterotylacium aduncum (Nematoda) and Its Host Red Sea Bream, Pagellus erythrinus (Sparidae) from Gulf of Iskenderun (North-Eastern Mediterranean)(Springer, 2010) Dural, Meltem; Genc, Ercument; Yemenicioglu, Semal; Sangun, M. KemalThe Red Sea Bream's nematode and Sparus aurata, sampled from the Iskenderun Bay, North-eastern Mediterranean in March 2008 were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) for their some heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mg, Pb and Zn) levels. The metal concentrations of the parasites were compared to different organs (liver, muscle, swimbladder, intestine and skin) of the fish hosts. The highest Cd (0.303 mg/kgg ww) concentrations were found in the muscle, highest Cr (4.932 mg/kg ww), Hg (2.350 mg/kg ww) Pb (22.82 mg/kg ww) concentrations were found in the parasite, highest Cu (7.608 mg/kg ww) and Fe (176.7 mg/kg ww) concentrations were found in the liver, highest Mn (31.24 mg/kg ww) Zn (78.51 mg/kg ww) concentrations were found in the swimbladder for parasitized fish. The highest Cd (0.612 mg/kg ww), Cu (8.261 mg/kg ww) Fe (261.1 mg/kg ww) concentrations were found in the liver, highest Cr (6.123 mg/kg ww) and Pb (9.125 mg/kg ww) concentrations were found in the intestine, highest Hg (2.013 mg/kg ww) Zn (83.30 mg/kg ww) and Mn (41.24 mg/kg ww) concentrations were found in the swimbladder for un-parasitized fish.Öğe Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Various Tissues of Six Ray Species from A°skenderun Bay, Northeastern Mediterranean Sea(Springer, 2013) Turkmen, Mustafa; Tepe, Yalcin; Turkmen, Aysun; Sangun, M. Kemal; Ates, Alpaslan; Genc, ErcumentThis study was performed to investigate the heavy metal concentrations in muscle, liver, gill and intestine of six ray species from A degrees skenderun Bay. The present study is the first for rays in A degrees skenderun Bay, providing valuable preliminary information about heavy metal contents in different tissues of the examined ray species from the bay, and indirectly, indicating the environmental contamination of A degrees skenderun Bay. Heavy metal levels in intestines were generally higher than those in other tissues for all species. Metal levels in ray muscle tissue were below the international maximum allowable levels for fish and fishery products, as well as Turkish national guidelines, with the exception of the highest value for Cd in Dasyatis pastinaca.Öğe Change in Physical and Chemical Composition of Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) Eggshells During Embryonic Development(Chelonian Research Foundation, 2011) Yalcin-Ozdilek, Sukran; Ozdilek, H. Goksel; Sangun, M. KemalThe chemical elements of green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggshells collected from Samandag Beach (Turkey) were studied to determine differences between elemental composition and changes in physical characteristics. Eggshells from various developmental stages (n = 67), from successfully hatched eggs (n = 25) and infertile eggs (n = 18) were examined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy to determine elemental changes during embryonic development. Through the course of egg development, we found changes in concentration of calcium, copper, potassium, sodium, strontium, and zinc but no changes in magnesium.Öğe Comparison of Aroma Compounds in Distilled and Extracted Products of Sage (salvia officinalis L.)(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Baydar, Hasan; Sangun, M. Kemal; Erbas, Sabri; Kara, NimetSalvia (Salvia officinalis), a member of Lamiaceae family, is valuable medicinal and aromatic plant. Although extraction products like concrete, absolute, and hydrosol from the oil of sage have an economical interest and there are very limited studies on these products. Sage oil and sage water (hydrosol) were released from the fresh herb of sage plants by using steam distillation. Sage concrete was extracted from the fresh herb by using n-hexane as a solvent. Also sage absolute was produced from the concrete with ethyl alcohol extraction. Essential oils from these products were analysed by a gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). Fresh herb essential oil yield was 0.55 % while hydrosol (aromatic water) oil yield was 0.17 %. The yield of sage concrete was 1.05 % and the concrete had 68.77 % sage absolute. Camphor, cis-thujone, 1,8-cineole, and trans-thujone were the major components of sage oil, hydrosol oil, sage concrete and sage absolute. Higher amount of viridiflorol was found in the concrete and absolute oils (8.72 % and 10.95 %, respectively) compared with steam distillation oil (2.21 %).Öğe A comparison of the performance of conventional and eco-friendly extraction methods in the evaluation of total phenolics, antioxidant activity, and chemical composition of anise(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Nasir, Abir; Yabalak, Erdal; Gizir, A. Murat; Sangun, M. KemalIn this work, the essential oil of Pimpinella anisum seeds was obtained by six different extraction methods. In the chemical composition analysis, 4, 6, 4, 1, 20, and 8 compounds were detected in the extracts obtained by Soxhlet, Ultrasonic-assisted (UAE), hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus (HDC), subcritical water extraction (SWE), supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (ScCO2) using three solvents (methanol (ScCO2-Met), ethanol (ScCO2-Et), and hexane (ScCO2-H)) and supercritical 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (ScR134a) methods, respectively. Also, the performances of the applied methods were compared by analysing the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the extracts. Anethole was the main component of all extracts obtained by SWE (94.5%) and Soxhlet (94.5%) methods, respectively. Also, TPC values were the highest (508.5 mg GAE/100 g kb) in ScR134a extract and the lowest (27.77 mg GAE/100 g kb) in HDC extracts. The antioxidant capacity was found to be the highest in ScCO2-H (IC50 = 1.58 mg/mL) and the lowest in Soxhlet extracts (IC50 = 0.07 mg/mL). The results showed the great effectiveness of eco-friendly extraction SWE, ScCO2-Et, and ScR134a methods.Öğe Effective antibacterial and antioxidant properties of methanolic extract of Laurus nobilis seed oil(Triveni Enterprises, 2010) Ozcan, Birgul; Esen, Mari; Sangun, M. Kemal; Coleri, Arzu; Caliskan, MahmutThis study was carried out to determine the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil, seed oil, and methanolic extract of seed oil obtained from Laurus nobilis L. (Lauraceae). The methanolic extract of seed oil exhibited more effective antibacterial activity comparing to essential oil and seed oil. GC-MS analyses of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 25 compounds. 1.8-Cineol (44.72%), a-Terpinyl acetate (12.95%), Sabinene (12.82%) were the main components. The fatty acid composition was characterized with the high content of linoleic acid (40.79%) and lauric acid (38.08%). The 50% (IC50) inhibition activity of the essential oil on the free radical DPPH was determined as 94.655 mgml(-1), whereas IC50 value of methanolic extract of seed oil was found unstable. In the case of the linoleic acid system, oxidation of linoleic acid was inhibited by essential oil and methanolic extract of seed oil, which showed 64.28 and 88.76% inhibition, respectively The inhibition value of the methanolic extract of seed oil was quite close to the synthetic antioxidant BHT, 92.46% inhibition.Öğe Element concentrations in the swimbladder parasite Anguillicola crassus (nematoda) and its host the European eel, Anguilla anguilla from Asi River (Hatay-Turkey)(Springer, 2008) Genc, Ercument; Sangun, M. Kemal; Dural, Meltem; Can, M. Fatih; Altunhan, CemThe European eel's swimbladder nematode, Anguillicola crassus, sampled from the Asi River (Orontes River) in Antakya (Hatay, Turkey) in May 2006 were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) for their some heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb and Zn) levels. The metal concentrations of the parasites were compared to different organs (swimbladder, liver, muscle and skin) of the fish hosts. The parasite contained statistically highly significantly amounts of Fe (P < 0.05). The iron level of nematode was up to 25.52 times than the muscle of its host, Anguilla anguilla. However, bioconcentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Pb, Zn were detected in the A. crassus and it contained no statistically differences with the other tissues of its host, the eel (P > 0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were detected in the heavy metal accumulations between the parasitized and un-parasitized fish tissues. The analysed metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were found in fish muscle at mean concentrations under the permissible limits proposed by FAO.Öğe Evaluation of reusability of bleaching earth in vegetable oil refining(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2020) Kilincceker, Guray; Sangun, M. Kemal; Celik, Sema; Arslan, Utku; Zarifi, FarhadPurpose Unrefined vegetable oils contain triglycerides and free fatty acids as the main ingredient, but besides, they contain waxes, phospholipids, tocopherols, beta-carotene, chlorophyll and other trace amounts depending on the type of oil. Most undesirable substances such as residues, free fatty acids and phospholipids are separated in the neutralization process of the oil refining. As a pigment, beta carotene is separated by the bleaching earth (BE) in the bleaching process. The BE is disposed of as waste after the bleaching process. In this study, waste BE, which is allocated for disposal, has become reusable. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, the oil is separated from the BE by solvent extraction under room conditions. AOCS Ba 3-38, TS EN ISO 734, ISO 15305 and TS 324 standard methods were used. Findings As a result of the analysis, it was found that 1% of oil remained in the recovered BE. The recovered BE containing 1% oil was carbonized at 550(o)C for 1 and 2 h. The BE obtained after this process was used in the bleaching process at a rate of 1%. Reuse attempts were repeated seven times, colour-opening capacities were measured and BET analyses were performed to establish a relationship between surface area-discolouration capacity and reusability. Originality/value This study demonstrates that recovery of waste BE can be performed and if this reusability considers in the industrial scale, it will save on oil refining costs and reduce waste.Öğe Ion chromatographic determination of perchlorate in foods consumed in Hatay region(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Sungur, Sana; Sangun, M. KemalRecently, the exposure to perchlorate was emphasised as an important risk factor for human and especially newborn health. A number of studies were focused on this matter. In this study, samples of soil, vegetable (cabbage, spinach, lettuce, carrot, tomato, red cabbage), fruit (orange, mandarin, lemon, grapefruit), water, milk and fish were taken from 8 different regions of Hatay (Samandag, Kirikhan, Reyhanli, Amik Plain, Dortyol, Yayladagi, Altinozu, Erzin). An ion chromatography system (Shimadzu C196-E039A model) was used to determine the concentrations of perchlorate in the samples. 2.5 mM Phthalic acid and 2.4 mM tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane solutions (pH = 4) were used as the mobile phase. A flow rate of 1.5 ml min(-1) and oven temperature of 40 degrees C were used during the analysis. The foods had perchlorate concentrations in the range of 0.236-1.218 mu g kg(-1). The perchlorate concentration varied from 0.30 +/- 0.01 to 0.94 +/- 0.021 mu g l(-1) in milk samples. Perchlorate concentrations were determined to be lower in the drinking waters (0.44 +/- 0.031 mu g l(-1)) compared to irrigation waters (0.59 +/- 0.03 mu g l(-1)). Perchlorate concentrations of the fish samples were ranged from 0.38 +/- 0.01 to 0.61 +/- 0.01 mu g kg(-1). (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
