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Öğe Allelopathic potentials of residues of 6 brassica species on johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.](Academic Journals, 2009) Uremis, Ilhan; Arslan, Mehmet; Uludag, Ahmet; Sangun, Mustafa KemalJohnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) is a troublesome weed species of many crops in Turkey as well as worldwide. Allelopathic potential of residues of some brassica species, which are round white radish (Raphanus sativus L.), garden radish ( R. sativus L.), black radish ( R. sativus L. var. niger), little radish ( R. sativus L. var. radicula, turnip ( Brassica campestris L. subsp. rapa) and rapeseed ( Brassica napus L. oleifera DC.) on johnsongrass were investigated under both laboratory and field conditions. All species suppressed johnsongrass in field and laboratory conditions. The lowest suppression was from garden radish, which has already been used to control johnsongrass by few farmers in Turkey. It is concluded that the plants studied can be used to control johnsongrass. Higher amount of isothiocyanates ( isothiocyanate benzyl, Isothiocyanate allyl) in black radish extract and lower amount of isothiocyanates at garden radish extract were determined. Parallel results for johnsongrass suppression and amount of isothiocyanates show that allelopathy play roles in johnsongrass suppression by brassica species.Öğe Antimicrobial properties of bioactive compounds isolated from epidermal mucus in two Ray species (Dasyatis marmorata and Gymnura altavela)(Pharmacotherapy Group, 2020) Uyan, Ali; Turan, Cemal; Erdogan-Eliuz, Elif Ayse; Sangun, Mustafa KemalPurpose: To investigate the occurrence and antimicrobial effects of certain biochemical compounds in the epidermal mucus secretions of fish and to demonstrate their potential for biomedical applications. Methods: Crude, aqueous, and acidic epidermal mucus samples were collected from live ray specimens. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses were performed to identify the biochemical compounds present in the mucus. The spectrophotometric broth microdllution method was used to determine the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the mucus extracts. The bacterial strains, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumonia, were used for the tests, as well as the fungal strains, Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans. Results: GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of several hydrocarbon-derived compounds in the epidermal mucus of the two ray species. The acidic extract of G. altavela epidermal mucus produced a high MIC value, indicating the highest inhibitory effect of 8.64 mu L against E. coli, while the crude extract of G. altavela epidermal mucus (41.13 mu L against B. subtilis) was the least effective. Conclusion: Epidermal mucus extracts, especially when acid-based, displays strong antimicrobial properties against all the tested pathogens. These findings suggest the plants possess some potential for the development of novel antimicrobial components for applications in medicine.Öğe APRICOT NECTAR PROCESSING BY PULSED ELECTRIC FIELDS(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2013) Evrendilek, Gulsun Akdemir; Altuntas, Julide; Sangun, Mustafa Kemal; Zhang, Howard Q.Application of pulsed electric fields to process apricot nectar by determining the pH,. Brix, total acidity, conductivity, color, non-enzymatic browning index, concentration of mineral ions, and retention of ascorbic acid and beta carotene as well as inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas syringae subs. syringae, Erwinia carotowora, Penicillum expansum, and Botrytis cinerea was explored in this study. Processing of apricot nectar did not cause a significant difference in measured attributes (p > 0.05). However, inactivation of all microorganisms was significantly increased with increased electric field strength and treatment time (p <= 0.05). Microbial inactivation data fit both the Weibull distribution and log-logistic model.Öğe Assessment of sea water quality around sunken MV Ulla ship on Iskenderun Bay, Hatay, Turkey(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2007) Sangun, Mustafa Kemal; Ozdilek, Hasan GokselMV Ulla, which was a cargo marine vessel loaded with fly ash, ended its forced voyage at Iskenderun Port on February 20, 2000. The ship was abandoned there for 4(1)/(2) years. Finally, the vessel sunk on September 6, 2004. The load was removed from the vessel in order to comply with related regulations in summer 2005. This paper investigates the sea level metal levels between September 2004 and September 2005. It was found that total chromium during fly ash removal did not pass the upper limit of hazardous waste. limits. Furthermore, total suspended solids decreased in recovery ship tanks as a function of time during the recovery process of load.Öğe Biochemical compounds and their antimicrobial activities in epidermal mucus obtained from two ray species Dasyatis pastinaca and Raja miraletus(Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 2021) Uyan, Ali; Turan, Cemal; Erdogan, Elif Ayse; Sangun, Mustafa KemalThe epidermal mucus of two ray species Dasyatis pastinaca and Raja miraletus was analyzed to identify biochemical compounds and explore their antimicrobial activities in order to point out their potential for human health-related applications. Epidermal mucus samples were extracted as acidic, crude and aqueous. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses were performed to determine the biochemical compounds of the mucus. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extracts obtained from mucus were analysed using the spectrophotometric broth microdilution method against bacterial (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis) and fungal (Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis) strains. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses revealed the existence of several hydrocarbon-derived compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In terms of antimicrobial activity, the highest detected MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) value was 9.78 mu L for the acidic extract of R. miraletus epidermal mucus (RmAC) against E. faecalis, while the lowest MIC value was 80.88 mu L for the acidic extract of R. miraletus epidermal mucus (RmAC) against E. coli. The extracts of epidermal mucus from D. pastinaca and R. miraletus showed antimicrobial activities against all the used pathogens with varying degrees of efficiency and thus may be evaluated as a potential source of marine-derived antimicrobial components for biomedical purposes. gazeuse et chromatographie en phase gazeuse-spectrometrie de masse (GC/MS) ont revele l'existence de plusieurs composes derives d'hydrocarbures et d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques. Pour l'analyse antimicrobienne, la valeur MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) la plus elevee detectee etait de 9,78 mu L pour l'extrait acide de mucus epidermique de R. miraletus (RmAC) contre E. faecalis, tandis que la valeur MIC la plus basse etait de 80,88 mu L pour l'extrait acide de mucus epidermique de R. miraletus (RmAC) contre E. coli. Les extraits de mucus epidermique de D. pastinaca et R. miraletus ont neanmoins montre des activites antimicrobiennes contre tous les agents pathogenes utilises avec divers degres d'efficacite et peuvent donc etre consideres comme une source potentielle de composants antimicrobiens d'origine marine a des fins biomedicales.Öğe Comparison of chemical composition of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. leaves and fruits from different regions of Hatay, Turkey(Triveni Enterprises, 2007) Sangun, Mustafa Kemal; Aydin, Ebru; Timur, Mahir; Karadeniz, Hatice; Caliskan, Mahmut; Ozkan, AydinThe essential oils of the leaves and fruits from bay (Laurus nobilis L.) grown in Antakya, Yayladagi and Samandagi were isolated by solvent extraction and analysed by capillary gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). In Antakya, Yayladagi and Samandagi the chemical compositions of the fruits and leaves were similar according to qualitative and quantitative analysis. Although in both fruits and leaves the major component was found to be 1.8-Cineole a concentration of about 50% compared with essential oils. The composition of the essential oil from the leaves has high content of 1.8-Cineole, Sabinene and alpha-Terpinyl acetate, but a low content of alpha-Pinene, alpha-Phellandrene and trans-beta-osimen. 1.8-Cineole was found major component of the leaves essential oil collected from Samandagi (59.94%) which is sea coast of region. Interestingly alpha-Pinene, beta-Pinene, alpha-Phellandrene, 1.8-Cineole and trans-beta-osimen were found the major components of fruits of Laurus nobilis L. harvested from Antakya, Yayladagi and Samandagi. Trans-beta-osimen was detected as the major component of fruits essential oil collected again from Samandagi (28.35%).Öğe Composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. and Achillea lycaonica Boiss & Heldr.(Chemical Publishing Co., 2008) Azaz, Ayse Dilek; Arabaci, Turan; Sangun, Mustafa Kemal; Yildiz, BayramThe genus Achillea (Asteraceae) is represented by 42 species (48 taxa) in Turkey and 22 of which are endemic to Turkey. Achillea wilhelmsii and Achillea lycaonica collected from different localities in Turkey, were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were subsequently analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the oils were identified and antimicrobial bioassays were applied. Camphor (39.62 %) was the main component in the oil of Achillea wilhelmsii. The oil of Achillea lycaonica contained L-camphor (43.19 %) as main constituent. All tested microorganisms were inhibited by the essential oils. On the other hand both essential oils showed strong antifungal activity against Alternaria brassicola than other tested microfungi.Öğe Determinate of Cr, Cd and Pb Levels in Surface Water and Patella Species (Patella caerulea, Patella rustica) Collected from Mersin Bay(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2009) Ayas, Deniz; Kalayi, Mustafa; Sangun, Mustafa KemalMersin Bay is under the effects of pollution, resulted from urbanization, agriculture and industrial processes. Trace metals is an important source of this pollution. The aim of this study is to determine the levels of concentrations of Cd, Pb and Cr in two Patellla species and seawater collected from Mersin Bay Sampling of P. caerulea, P. rustica and surface water was carried out in Kazanh, Karaduvar, Mersin Port and Mczitli region which was mainly affected from pollution. From each species, 25 individuals were collected from each sampling point. P. rustica was not observed in Kazanh and Mersin Port. The shell indices of R caerulea and P rustica was calculated as mean 1.91 and 2.36, respectively. Cr concentrations in P caerulea collected from Kazanh and Karaduvar was higher than other sampling points. Whilst the Mersin Port was characterized by higher Cd concantrations. Kazanh was characterized by high levels of Pb concentrations. Higher trace metal concentrations were found in P rustica collected from Karaduvar compared to Mezitli although there was no significant difference between these sampling points. When the trace metal concentration of two species were compared, it was observed that P. rustica contaminated higher amount of Cd and Cr concentrations.Öğe Determination of groundwater quality in Hatay Province, Turkey(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2007) Sangun, Mustafa Kemal; Ozdilek, Hasan Goksel; Odemis, BerkantIn this study, groundwater quality of Amik Plain and its surrounding areas is illustrated. A total of 59 groundwater wells located throughout Hatay Province were examined in this study. It was found that the water quality of wells is to a certain extent good for irrigational use; on the other hand, some wells, situated downstream Asi River after Antakya (Hatay Province center), have relatively low water quality even for irrigational use.Öğe Determination of soil and water contamination around an industrialized town, Kazanli, Mersin, Turkey(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2007) Sangun, Mustafa Kemal; Ozdilek, Hasan GokselIn this study, concentrations of selected metals, namely chromium and nickel, in groundwater and soil were investigated. it was found that extensive chromium and nickel levels in soil that had been used for building materials and this could probably impair public and environmental health, such as in sea turtles, in the area. Toxicological risk assessment from water quality criteria indicated that aquatic toxicity from both acute and chronic nickel and chromium does not exceed estimated ecotoxicology levels.Öğe Effects of pulsed electric field processing on the quality and microbial inactivation of sour cherry juice(Wiley, 2010) Altuntas, Julide; Evrendilek, Gulsun Akdemir; Sangun, Mustafa Kemal; Zhang, Howard Q.P>Pulsed electric fields (PEF) processing of sour cherry juice with the measurement of pH, boolean OR Brix, titratable acidity, conductivity, colour (L*, a* and b*), nonenzymatic browning index, metal ion concentration, total ascorbic acid and total antocyanin content as well as microbial inactivation were searched in the study. Applied PEF treatment parameters did not cause any significant difference on measured properties of sour cherry juice (P > 0.05). On the other hand, inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Erwinia carotowora, Pseudomonas syringae subs. syringae, Botrytis cinerea and Penicillum expansum significantly increased with increased electric field strength and treatment time (P < 0.05). It was revealed that PEF is a viable option to process sour cherry juice with significant amount of microbial inactivation and without adversely affecting important physical and quality parameters.Öğe Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activities of achillea biserrata M. Bieb. and achillea salicifolia besser subsp. salicifolia collected in Turkey(Chemical Publishing Co., 2009) Azaz, Ayse Dilek; Arabaci, Turan; Sangun, Mustafa KemalAerial parts of Achillea biserrata (collected from Gumushane between Trabzon) and A. salicifolia subsp. salicifolia (collected from Ardahan between Gole) were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield their essential oils and were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main compo- nents of tested essential oils were camphor (36.80-55.26 %), 1,8-cineol (19.35-22.75 %), camphene (16.41-3.23 %) and artemisia alcohol (14.28-3.17 %), respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of tested essential oils were evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25292, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Proteus vulgaris NRRL 123, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Enterobacter aemgenes NRRL 3567, Listeria monocystogenes ATCC 7644, Serratia marcescens, Candida albicans, Penicilliwn expansum, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Alternaria brassicola. All tested bacteria and Candida albicans were inhibited by the essential oils. The essential oils showed weak antifungal activity against all microfungi tested. Nevertheless, it is found that P. expansum was not inhibited by any essential oils used in this study. Aspergillus niger was also not inhibited by A biserrata. Alternaria brassicola was the most sensitive microfungi against all the tested essential oils.Öğe EXAMINATION OF MACRO AND MICRO ELEMENTS IN PSETTA MAKSIMA AND SOLEA VULGARIS FROM THE BLACK AND NORTH EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN SEAS(Univ Babes-Bolyai, 2019) Sangun, Mustafa Kemal; Turan, Cemal; Altun, Beyza ErsoyThe objective of this study was to determine the levels of essential (Ca, K, Na, Mg, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn) and non-essential (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Ni, Pb, Sr, Li, B) elements in the muscle, liver and skin of P. maxima and S. vulgaris. Analysis of variance was performed to determine significant differences among tissues. There were no significant differences in the metal concentrations among the tissues of both species with the exception of Fe and Li. The levels of essential metals such as Na, K, Ca and Mg were higher than 10 mg/kg; Fe and Cu were lower than 10 mg/kg. The results showed that the P. maksima and S. vulgaris are a good dietary source of essential nutrients. However, the concentrations of some nonessential metals in tissues of P. maksima and S. vulgaris exceeded the acceptable values for human consumption.Öğe Monitoring surface water quality of Asi river during the 2006 Muslim Sacrifice Holiday(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2007) Ozdilek, Hasan Goksel; Sangun, Mustafa KemalIn 2006, the last 90 kin of the river (Turkish part only) is studied in terms of water quality during the Sacrifice Holiday that was observed on January 10-14. With respect to time, trace metal concentrations, in general, were found to decline but an increase in metal flux due to rise in river flow occurred.Öğe Quantifying long-term changes in water quality and quantity of Euphrates and Tigris rivers, Turkey(Springer, 2010) Odemis, Berkant; Sangun, Mustafa Kemal; Evrendilek, FatihThe Euphrates and Tigris watersheds originating from Turkey and passing through Syria and Iraq are one of the most important transboundary watersheds in the Middle East. Long-term data (1971 to 2002) from 14 stations over the Euphrates river and seven stations over the Tigris river were analyzed and compared using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Kendall trend tests, and box-and-whisker plots. The upper Euphrates river had significantly lower values of flow rate (FR), water temperature (WT), electrical conductivity (EC), Cl, and SO4 than did the lower Euphrates river. The middle Euphrates river had significantly higher Na, K, HCO3, Cl, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and boron (B) and lower EC and SO4 than the lower Euphrates river. The upper west Tigris river had higher EC, Ca + Mg, and SO4 and lower FR, Na, and SAR than the lower Tigris river. The upper east Tigris river had higher HCO3 and B and lower FR and WT than the lower Tigris river.Öğe Temporal variations in water quantity and quality of Orontes River, Turkey(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2007) Odemis, Berkant; Sangun, Mustafa Kemal; Buyuktas, DursunThe aim of this study was to determine variations in physical and chemical water quality parameters of the Turkish part of Orontes River, whose basin is shared by Lebanon, Syria and Turkey, between 1984 and 2002. Due to very low amount of surface water in the region, groundwater is densely used for irrigation. In this case, it causes an increase in the salinity in some regions of Amik Plain, Hatay, Turkey. As a result of extensive usage of the river for irrigation in the region, the flow rate has decreased significantly. The most important impairment in flow rate occurred in 2000. The value of EC and pH were found to be relatively low in the year of 1984 and then found to increase in 2002. OM level showed a decreasing trend between the years of 1984 and 1992. The total boron content showed yearly periodic cycles and generally had a decreasing trend. The river has a notably fluctuating flow rate and the amount of water varies seasonally. According to the long-term data, the flow rate was falling to an average value of 3.66 m(3) s(-1) in August. Organic pollutant parameters (TDS, BOD and COD) fluctuated at rainy, transitional and dry seasons. Between 1999 and 2001, TDS and COD values showed an increasing trend, while BOD levels showed a decreasing trend.
