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Öğe Examination of trait anxiety levels of physical education and sports students (Ibrahim Cecen University case)(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Kaya, Erdi; Sari, Ihsan; Tolukan, Ersan; Gulle, MahmutThis study aims to analyze the trait anxiety levels of physical education and sports students and to compare them in terms of certain variables (gender, doing sports regularly and being a registered athlete). The research population is composed of students studying in the School of Physical Education and Sports, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University; while the sample group consists of 209 students studying in the Departments of Physical Education and Sports Teaching (n=147) and Coaching Education (n=62). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, which was developed by Spielberger et al. (1970) and adapted to Turkish by Otter and Le Compte (1983), and certain questions concerning demographic characteristics were used to achieve the research objectives. SPSS 17.0 software package was used for data analysis. Percentage frequency analysis was used for data analysis and t-test was used for independent groups. Significance level was set at 0.05. Considering the findings, no statistically significant difference was found between the trait anxiety levels of students in terms of their gender and status of doing sports regularly (p<0.05). (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Öğe The role of perceived leadership behaviors as predictor of assertiveness levels in individual sport athletes(Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Sari, Ihsan; Soyer, Fikret; Gulle, MahmutThe aim of this research was to investigate the role of athletes' perception of coaches' leadership behavior as predictor of athletes' assertiveness in individual sport. 239 individual sport athletes (Xage=20.79 +/- 3.32) voluntarily participated to the research. The participants consisted of 170 male (71,1%) and 69 female (28.9%) athletes from various individual sports such as wrestling, athletics, weightlifting, taekwondo, boxing, karate, badminton etc. The data were collected using a personal information form, Leadership Scale for Sport and Rathus Assertiveness Schedule. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used in SPSS 17. p<.05 was determined as the statistical significance value. Results showed that there were positive significant correlations between the subscales of Leadership Scale for Sports (Training and instruction behavior, democraticbehavior, social support behavior and positive feedback behavior) and assertiveness. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to assess the ability of leadership behaviors to predict assertiveness scores of the athletes after controlling for the influence of age and gender. The model explained an additional 21% variance in assertiveness after controlling for age and gender, R square change = .21, F change (5, 231) = 12.833, p<.05). It appeared in the final model that training and instruction behavior (13=.45, p<.05) and autocratic behavior (beta= -.17, p<.05) were statistically significant. The results indicated that training and instruction behavior of sport coaches could positively contribute to assertiveness score whereas autocratic behavior seems to undermine it in individual sport athletes. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.