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Öğe Acute effects of recreational soccer on inflammatory response and cardiac and skeletal muscle damage indicators(Univ Press, 2019) Aslant, Alper; Salci, Yasar; Bicer, Bilal; Savas, Nazan; Duran, NizamiIntroduction: Previous studies have indicated that acute bouts of strenuous, long duration exercise induce significant increases in the inflammatory profile and cardiovascular risk markers. Although recreational soccer (RS) is a widespread activity there are no data on this topic. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine RS-induced changes in inflammatory, cardiac, and skeletal muscle damage indicators in young and middle-aged males. Methods: Twelve young and 11 middle-aged males participated in the study. The participants played 6v6 1 h RS, where heart rate (HR) responses and external loads (distance covered, number of accelerations/decelerations) were determined. Blood samples were taken immediately prior to and following the matches, and 2 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h later. Results: Absolute HR responses and the number of accelerations and decelerations were higher in young participants than the middle-aged participants (p < 0.05). RS increased high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) in almost all participants. A total of 83.3% of the young participants exceeded the upper reference limit (URL), whereas none of the middle-aged participants exceeded the URL. Hs-cTnI levels returned to baseline after 24 and 48 h in the middle-aged and young participants, respectively. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and creatine kinase (CK) increased in the middle-aged participants (p < 0.05), and in the young participants, though not significantly (p > 0.05). RS also led to significant increases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in both groups (p < 0.05). Hs-CRP, CK, and LDH values returned to baseline levels within 48 to 72 h, except for the LDH values of the young participants. Conclusion: RS induced short-term increases in cardiac and skeletal muscle damage markers and the inflammatory profile in young and middle-aged RS participants.Öğe BILATERAL PRIMARY BREAST LYMPHOMA: A RARE CASE(Aves, 2011) Yetim, Ibrahim; Yetim, Tulin Durgun; Ozkan, Orhan Veli; Diner, Guvenc; Savas, Nazan; Davran, Ramazan; Helvaci, RahmiPrimary non Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast is rare. Bilateral involvement of the breasts is even morerare. Lymphomas are divided into two groups: Hodgkin's Lymphoma and non Hodgkin's lymphoma. Diffuse large cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma is the most common type. A 56 year old female presented with masses in both breasts. An excisional biopsy was obtained from both tumoral masses. Histopathological assessment revealed diffuse large cell non Hodgkin's lymphoma and chemotherapy was started. Here we present the case of bilateral primary breast lymphoma while discussing clinical characteristics, treatment modalities and the outcomes.Öğe Causes of nosocomial pneumonia and evaluation of risk factors in a university hospital in Turkey(Saudi Med J, 2007) Savas, Lutfu; Onlen, Yusuf; Duran, Nizami; Savas, NazanObjective: To determine the incidence, risk factors, mortality rate, and organisms causing nosocomial pneumonia (NP). Methods: We carried out this study in the Intensive Care Units (ICUs), General Medical and Surgical wards of Baskent University, Training and Research Hospital in Adana, Turkey, between November 2000 and August 2002. Patients were observed from the time of admission until 48 hours after discharge from the hospital. Results: In this study, 618 (2.1%) nosocomial infections (NIs) were detected in 29778 patients. One hundred and fifteen of these infections were NP and investigated with surveillance prospectively. The most frequently isolated microorganisms in NP were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) 32.8%, Pseudomonas species 21.5%, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) 10.2%, Klebsiella species (9.1%) and Acinetobacter species 5.9%, E coli; 5.4% (10/186), Streptococcus species; 4.8% (9/186), Candida species; 4.8% (9/186), Enterobacter species; 2.7% (5/186) and the other bacteria; 2.7%. The predominant pathogens isolated in this study were MRSA (33.8%), Pseudomonas species (16.9%) and MSSA (16.9%) in early-onset pneumonias and MRSA (32.2%), Pseudomonas species (24.0%), and Klebsiella species (10.7%) in late-onset pneumonias. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the possibility of developing NP, significantly increases with such risk factors as decreased level of consciousness, respiratory failure, mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy. Each center should know its patients' profile, the factors that increase the infection, the antibiotic resistance patterns of microorganisms, and the distribution of hospital infections in every department. Strategies to prevent both development of antibiotic resistance and spread of resistant organisms are necessary.Öğe Comparison of Head and Neck Cancer Distribution in Turkish and Syrian Populations(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2019) Serindere, Gozde; Bolgul, Behiye; Gursoy, Didar; Hakverdi, Sibel; Savas, NazanBackground: Although oral health improves in several countries, global problems are still present. Predictably, the disadvantaged and poor population groups in both developing and developed countries have high rate of malign disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of head and neck cancers (HNCs) and to compare them between Syrian and Turkish population. Methods: A total of 4570 patients confirmed to have HNC histopathologically from Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Hospital Pathology report archive were retrospectively evaluated. Among them, 452 were Syrian patients while 4118 were Turkish patients. Data were collected from 2010 to 2017. Gender and age information were taken from medical records. According to the pathological results, HNCs were classified. Results: In 474 patients, HNCs were inscriprived, of which 317 were in males and 157 in females aged 23-80 years with histologically approved cancer of head and neck area. Overall, 100 were Syrian patients while 374 were Turkish patients. In both Syrian and Turkish patients, the most observed HNC was squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Conclusion: Nowadays, the prevalence of cancer is higher because of the excessive consumption of alcohol, tobacco, chewing, and smoking. For the higher cancer incidence in Syrian refugees, we thought that the impact of war such as stress may have been effective as well as the known several etiologic factors of cancer. For the increased risk of cancer, the early diagnosis of this become more important.Öğe The Consistency Between Clinical and Electrophysiological Diagnoses(Turkish Neurological Soc, 2009) Okuyucu, Esra E.; Turhanoglu, Ayse D.; Duman, Taskin; Savas, Nazan; Mengulluoglu, Necdet; Melek, Ismet M.Objective: The aim of this study was to provide information concerning the impact of electrophysiological tests in the clinical management and diagnosis of patients, and to evaluate the consistency between referring clinical diagnoses and electrophysiological diagnoses. Patients and Methods: The study included 957 patients referred to the electroneuromyography (ENMG) laboratory from different clinics with different clinical diagnoses in 2008. Demographic data, referring clinical diagnoses, the clinics where the requests wanted, and diagnoses after ENMG testing were recorded and statistically evaluated. Results: In all, 957 patients [ 644 (67.3%) female and 313 (32.7%) male] were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 45.40 +/- 14.54 years. ENMG requests were made by different specialists; 578 (60.4%) patients were referred by neurologists, 122 (12.8%) by orthopedics, 140 (14.6%) by neurosurgeons, and 117 (12.2%) by physical treatment and rehabilitation departments. According to the results of ENMG testing, 513 (53.6%) patients' referrals were related to their referral diagnosis, whereas 397 (41.5%) patients had normal ENMG test results, and 47 (4.9%) patients had a diagnosis that differed from the referring diagnosis. Among the relation between the referral diagnosis and electrophysiological diagnosis according to the clinics where the requests were made, there was no statistical difference (p= 0.794), but there were statistically significant differences between the support of different clinical diagnoses, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, polyneuropathy, radiculopathy-plexopathy, entrapment neuropathy, and myopathy based on ENMG test results (p< 0.001). Conclusion: ENMG is a frequently used neurological examination. As such, referrals for ENMG can be made to either support the referring diagnosis or to exclude other diagnoses. This may explain the inconsistency between clinical referring diagnoses and diagnoses following ENMG.Öğe Dermatoglyphs in Patients with Beta-Thalassemia Major and Their Thalassemia Carrier Parents(Collegium Antropologicum, 2009) Dogramaci, Asena C.; Savas, Nazan; Bagriacik, Mehmet A.Dermatoglyphs are cutaneous ridges on the fingers, palms, and soles, formed during early intrauterine life. During this period, and only then, genetic and environmental factors can influence their formation. Beta-thalassemia major is an genetic disease. The aim of the present work was to analyze dermatoglyphs traits in subjects with beta-thalassemia major and their thalassemia carrier parents. The sample included 59 patients with beta-thalassemia major (39 males, 20 females). We also analyzed a total of 61 thalassemia carrier parents. There were 38 mothers and 23 fathers in the study. The control group comprised 120 healthy subjects (64 men, 56 women). All ten fingers and right hand palm prints of all participants were taken and statistically analyzed. The results of analyses showed that the frequency of loops on the fifth finger of left hand was significantly higher in female patients than that of carriers and controls (p<0.05). It was also significantly higher in female patients than that male patients (p=0.03). The increase in mean c-d ridge count was noticed in female patients only (p=0.04) compared to carriers and controls. In addition to that there was also differences according to the mean c-d ridge count between female and male patients (p=0.01). Our study showed that dermatoglyphs were helpful for the diagnosis of beta-thalassemia major. However; it does not help to detect thalassemia carriers. This study is the comprehensive dermatoglyphic research on thalassemia, and its dermatoglyphic data will be useful for future research in genetics and medicine.Öğe Does transcutaneous nerve stimulation have effect on sympathetic skin response?(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Okuyucu, E. Esra; Turhanoglu, Ayse Dicle; Guntel, Murat; Yilmazer, Serkan; Savas, Nazan; Mansuroglu, AyhanObjective: This study examined the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the sympathetic nerve system by sympathetic skin response test. Methods: Fifty-five healthy volunteers received either: (i) 30 minutes TENS (25 participants) (ii) 30 minutes sham TENS (30 participants) and SSR test was performed pre- and post-TENS. The mean values of latency and peak-to-peak amplitude of five consecutive SSRs were calculated. Results: A significant amplitude difference was found between TENS and sham TENS group both in right and left hand (p = 0.04, p = 0.01, respectively). However there was no significant latancy difference between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: TENS has an inhibitory effect on elicited SNS responses when compared with sham TENS control group. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The Effects of Elimination of Gate-Keeping on Tertiary Care and the Social Insurance System(Galenos Publ House, 2011) Savas, Nazan; Ozer, Cahit; Inandi, TacettinThe aim was to investigate the effects of elimination of gatekeeping on a university hospital and Social Insurance Institute (SII). Electronic records of 2006-2007 were analyzed. The mean outpatient visits was 273.8 +/- 69.9 before the gate-keeping elimination, it was 471.8 +/- 114.7 after the gate-keeping elimination (p<0.001). The increased rate of visits were in the department of cardiology (95.4%) followed by respiratory medicine (33.3%), orthopedics (22.6%), neurology (16.1%) and gynecology (11.4%). Also the most frequent diagnoses changed in these departments. The most frequent diagnoses before and after elimination were as follows; hypertension in comparison to anxiety disorders after elimination in cardiology, chronic obstructive lung disease compared to myalgia in respiratory medicine, fracture follow up compared to joint pain in orthopaedics, epilepsy compared to dizziness in neurology and infertility compared to vaginitis in gynecology. SII has paid 10.67 fold higher dues after elimination for these 7 departments and diagnoses. Consequently; elimination of the gate-keeping can easily be applied to tertiary care and can increase health expenditures.Öğe The evaluation of blood cultures in afebrile and febrile neutropenic patients(Aves, 2006) Savas, Lutfu; Yildirmak, Taner; Onlen, Yusuf; Tan-Cetmeli, Gul; Savas, Nazan; Efe-Iris, Nur; Simsek, FundaThis study was designed to analyse the infectious etiology of afebrile and febrile neutropenic patients. and to investigate the in vivo effectiveness of the antibiotics used according to the susceptibility patterns of cultured microorganisms in neutropenic patients.107 attacks were enrolled in this study. 35 of whom were afebrile and 72 of whom were febrile neutropenic. In 27 (25.2%) of 107 attacks. bacterial growth were observed, 7 of which were from afebrile neutropenic and 20 of which were from febrile neutropenic attacks. In 20 of the 72 febrile neutropenic attacks. 22 microorganisms were cultured. In 18 attacks, single microorganism was detected, while in two attacks, two different microorganisms were found. Of the 29 microorganisms obtained from all attacks, 22 (75.8%) were staphy-lococci. five (17.2%) Gram-negative bacteria, and two (6.9%) Candida species. All of 22 Gram-positive bacteria were methicil-lin-resistant staphylococci. In the attacks of afebrile and febrile neutropenic patients. mortality rate was not significantly different between blood cultur-positive group and blood cultur-negative group.Öğe An evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of employees of a university hospital in an H1N1 influenza pandemic(J Infection Developing Countries, 2014) Evirgen, Omer; Savas, Nazan; Motor, Vicdan Koksaldi; Onlen, Yusuf; Yengil, ErhanIntroduction: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors concerning the transmission routes of an H1N1 pandemic and the protective measures of health professionals at a university hospital in Turkey. Methodology: A stratified systematic sampling method was used to select the sample size of the study group. A total of 22 professors, 29 researchers, and 26 nurses were included in the study. Results: The mean scores of the individuals were 8.4 +/- 2.5 (over 20) for knowledge about H1N1 transmission, 27.6 +/- 4.0 (over 60) for knowledge about protection against H1N1, 25.8 +/- 4.2 (over 45) for correct or appropriate attitudes, and 33.6 +/- 8.9 (over 60) for correct behaviors. A negative correlation between total knowledge and behavior was found (p < 0.001, r = -0.543). Conclusions: In epidemics, standard protection measures should be known and applied. Regarding this topic, the web page of the Ministry of Health comes to the forefront as a reliable source of information in addition to scientific explanations.Öğe EVALUATION OF PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATES TEST AT TUBERCULOSIS DISPENSARY IN HATAY, TURKEY, APPLIED TO TURKS AND SYRIAN REFUGEES (2012-2015)(Natl Inst Public Health, 2018) Savas, Nazan; Barutcu, Gulnur; Yeniceri, ArifObjective: The aim of the study was to evaluate results of purified protein derivates (PPD) test applied at the Tuberculosis Dispensary between 2012-2015 in Hatay, Turkey, where a large number of Syrian refugees have migrated since the Syrian civil war began in 2011. Methods: PPD test records from the Electronic Tuberculosis Management System at the Tuberculosis Dispensary from 2012-2015 were analyzed based on nationality, age groups, BCG scar availability, and PPD reaction. The annual risk of tuberculosis infection (ARTI) was calculated based on years for each age group in Turks and Syrian refugees and the trend was evaluated. Student-t, Chi-square, and Mantel-Haenszel tests were used in statistical analyses, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In total, 5,255 PPD tests were made, 15.5% were Syrian refugees. BCG scar was missing in 48.5% of Turks and 87.3% of refugees (p < 0.001). The 0-5 age group represented the lowest rate (Turks 3.2%, refugees 4.3%) and the 19-64 age group represented the highest rate (Turks 51.1%, refugees 54.1%) of positive PPD reaction among individuals without BCG scar. Among individuals without BCG scar, more positive PPD reactions developed in refugees of the 6-18 group than in Turks (Turks 16.9%, refugees 46.4%, p < 0.001). Among individuals with BCG scar, more positive PPD reactions developed among refugees of the 0-5 (Turks 7.8%, refugees 24.0%, p = 0.049) and 19-64 (Turks 36.6%, refugees 58.8%, p = 0.028) age groups. ARTIs between 2012-2015 were 0.2%, 1.0%, 1.3%, and 1.4% among Turks, (except 2012) 2.3%, 0.3%, 2.4% among refugees in the 0-5 age group, 1.1%, 2.0%, 1.7%, and 1.5% among Turks, and 8.5%, 6.6%, 7.3%, and 2.4% among refugees in the 6-18 age group, respectively. Conclusion: Higher positive PPD reactions and ARTIs were found among Syrian refugees, more specifically in the 6-18 age group.Öğe The Evaluation of Quality of Life of Patients with Seborrheic Dermatitis(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2008) Dogramaci, Asena Cigem; Havlucu, Deniz Yurtman; Savas, NazanObjective: Seborrheic dermatitis is a common disease characterized by the presence of erythematous plaques with oily-yellow desquamation. The chronic nature of disease, periods of remission and exacerbation and lack of efficient treatment modalities may cause impairment of quality of life of the patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of seborrheic dermatitis on the quality of life of the patients. Methods: Sixty-five patients with seborrheic dermatitis were enrolled the study. Patients were asked to fill HAD, Skindex-29 and DLQI. Kolmogorov Smirnov, correlation, chi square and Kruskal Wallis were used in statistical analyses. All analyses were performed using SPSS for Windows v 11.5. Results: DLQI scores were moderately positive correlated with HAD-A and HAD-D scores, while strongly positive correlated with Skindex-29 scores. Seborrheic dermatitis negatively impact emotional condition of patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: Seborrheic dermatitis negatively affects quality of life, and the greater the impairment of quality of life due to seborrheic dermatitis, the greater the level of anxiety and depression.Öğe Formaldehyde technique in dimensional stability of free fascia: An animal study(Taylor & Francis As, 2010) Aslan, Sundus; Savas, Nazan; Ozsoy, Sule Yurdagul; Dagli, SafakConclusion. Despite the fact that this was a study done with fascia other than the temporalis, we found that non-formaldehyde-formed and formaldehyde-formed fascia graft shrunk by a mean value of 26.5%, and 16.7%, respectively, which was statistically significant. This finding might be the explanation for the consistently reported successful outcomes in tympanoplasty carried out with formaldehyde-formed temporalis fascia. However, this study should be validated with autologous human temporalis fascia graft. Objectives. To determine whether there is any difference in the dimensional stability of free fascia grafts when formed with formaldehyde or not. Materials and methods. In a total of 22 rats, free fascias were prepared with 4% buffered formaldehyde solution in 11 and without formaldehyde in the other 11 rats. All fascia grafts of 1 x 1 cm were implanted under the insicion site of the same rat (autograft). All rats were re-operated after 5 days to measure the dimensions of the grafts. The postoperative changes in the dimensions were calculated. Results. By the 5th day, the mean non-formaldehyde-formed graft surface area was 73.51 +/- 13.43 mm(2) and the mean formaldehyde-formed graft surface area was 83.28 +/- 10.50 mm(2) respectively. After 5 days there was a mean decrease in surface area of the non- formaldehyde-formed and formaldehyde-formed grafts of 26.49 +/- 13.43 mm and 16.72 +/- 10.50 mm(2), respectively. It was found that formaldehyde-formed fascia exhibited significantly superior dimensional stability when compared with non-fixed fascia during the 5 days of the early healing phase (p=0.031).Öğe Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome among Hemodialysis Patients According to NCEP-ATP III and IDF Definitions(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Ucar, Edip; Huzmeli, Can; Guven, Oguz; Savas, Nazan; Gullu, Murat; Asilyoruk, Sema; Kuvandik, CerenObjective. Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) have an increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. The metabolic syndrome is a common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the frequency of metabolic syndrome using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adults Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions in patients with end-stage CRF undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Materials and Methods. A total of 222 cases undergoing HD were enrolled in the study. After obtaining medical history and physical examination, blood samples were collected from each patient for the measurements of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results. Among HD patients evaluated according to both IDF and NCEP-ATP III definitions, the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was confirmed by IDF in 56.5% of those fulfilling the criteria for NCEP-ATP III. Similarly, 86% of the undiagnosed patients according to NCEP-ATP III were confirmed by IDF definitions. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of NCEP-ATP III for metabolic syndrome were 81.25% and 64.8%, respectively. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve for NECP-ATP III and IDF was 0.730. False-positive rate and probability ratio for NECP-ATP III were 0.352 and 2.49, respectively. In other words, among the patients who were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome according to NCEP-ATP III definitions, the proportion of subjects whose diagnosis was confirmed by IDF definitions was 2.49-fold higher than those with unconfirmed diagnosis. Conclusion. It is logical to evaluate patients with CRF for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors at the time of diagnosis and regularly thereafter due to the high ratio of metabolic syndrome in this population.Öğe Hemoglobinopathy awareness among high school students in Antakya (Antioch), Turkey(Springer Japan Kk, 2010) Savas, Nazan; Turhan, Ebru; Inandi, Tacettin; Kaya, HasanHemoglobinopathy is a major public health problem in Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey, where homozygote babies continue to be born. We wanted to present the knowledge of high school students and their attitudes on hemoglobinopathy in Antakya (center of Hatay).The study was performed on 11th grade students in 17 high schools and 486 students in the center at Antakya. We used a questionnaire and frequency tables and chi-square tests were used. Of the students who took part, 37.7% were previously informed about hemoglobinopathies, while 62.3% were not. There was no significant relationship between the school types and their being previously informed (p > 0.05). There was an index case for 28% of the students, and 25.4% of the students who did not have any diseased person around them were previously informed (p < 0.01). While the range of percentage of correct answers was between 17.5% (about treatment of the diseases) and 73.3% (about the carrier status), these percentages seemed to be higher for those who stated that they were previously informed (22.2% about treatment and 85.8% about the carrier status). As much as 83.7% of the students stated that they wanted to be educated about hemoglobinopathies in the school and 89.1% wanted to know if they were carriers. Our study suggests that there is an urgent need to revise the Hemoglobinopathy Control Programme especially with regard to the enlightenment of the students and public.Öğe THE INFLUENCE OF HORMONAL STATUS AND SOCIO-CULTURAL DETERMINANTS ON POSTMENOPAUSAL SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION(Galenos Yayincilik, 2008) Aslan, Erdogan; Pocan, Gurhan A.; Dolapcioglu, Kenan; Savas, Nazan; Bagis, TayfunObjective: To evaluate the hormonal and psycho-socio-cultural determinants that effect postmenopausal sexual dysfunction. Design: Case-control study. Setting: University hospital, Menopause clinics. Patients: 50 volunteers fit for inclusion criteria. Intervention: FSFI questionaire was applied to the participants after initial interview that preset questions evaluating psycho-socio-cultural determinants were directed. Vaginal pH, total testosterone, and SHBG levels were measured in addition to routine menopause investigations. Results: FSFI scores were accordingly low in women who considered that they had a sexual dysfunction (50%) and, in those who felt menopausal transition had a negative impact in their sexual relations (52%) (p=0.00). While 6% of participants found sex after menopause as either shameful-unappropriate or unnecessary, other 17% stated that sex after menopause should continue as a duty of woman. 33% of the participants outlined that motherhood is the most important goal of their lives. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed a correlation between FSFI scores and FAI. Conclusion: FSD is prevalent in our country. Questioning the patient about the presence of sexual dysfunction may be sufficient to disclose the problem. FAI is a more reliable parameter in selecting candidates for androgen therapy.Öğe Iodine, copper, zinc, selenium and molybdenum levels in children aged between 6 and 12 years in the rural area with iodine deficiency and in the city center without iodine deficiency in Hatay(Aves, 2014) Celik, Tanju; Savas, Nazan; Kurtoglu, Selim; Sangun, Ozlem; Aydin, Zeki; Mustafa, Didin; Ozturk, Oktay HasanAim: Thyroid diseases related with iodine deficiency are observed commonly in our country and in the world. In this study, we aimed to investigate iodine deficiency in urine and selenium, zinc, copper or molybdenum deficiencies which may accompany this in children aged between 6 and 12 years in two schools in the province of Hatay (endemic goitre region). Material and Methods: This study is a case-control field-study in which students aged between 6 and 12 years were included. One hundred fourteen subjects from the village of Tanisma related to the center of our province and 100 subjects from the city center of Hatay (Antakya) were included in the study. Iodine, selenium, zinc, copper and molybdenum levels were measured in the urine samples of the students included in the study. Results: Iodine deficiency was found with a severe (5%), moderate (18.4%) and mild degree (43%), respectively in the village of Tanisma. Mild iodine deficiency (7%) was found in the center of Hatay. No moderate and severe iodine deficiency was found in the control group. A significant difference was found between the groups in terms of urine iodine excretion (p < 0.001). A significant correlation was found between the levels of iodine, selenium, zinc and molybdenum (p < 0.05). A moderately positive correlation was found between iodine and selenium (p < 0.001). A moderately positive correlation was found between iodine and zinc levels (p < 0.001) and a weak correlation was found between iodine and molybdenum (p < 0.01). No significant correlation was found between iodine level and copper level (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Selenium and zinc deficiency may accompany iodine deficiency. Selenium and zinc deficiency should be considered in individuals who are found to have iodine deficiency especially in endemic goitre regions.Öğe Knowledge, attitude and sources of information regarding aids of high school students in Antakya (Antioch) City(De Gruyter Poland Sp Z O O, 2011) Onlen, Yusuf; Savas, Nazan; Ozer, Cahit; Savas, Lutfu; Incecik, Faruk; Kanatli, AliThe aim of the current study was to investigate the knowledge of senior High school students, sources of their knowledge, and the socio-economical facts acting on their knowledge about AIDS. A cross sectional, descriptive study, included a total of 2838 students (1368 females and 1470 males) from 16 high schools of 4 different types (State, Anatolian, Trade, and Private high schools). A questionnaire composed of 5 different sections was used to analyze the knowledge level separately what kind of disease is AIDS, how AIDS can be transmitted, risk factors for AIDS, ways of protection from AIDS, and the sources of their knowledge about AIDS in sections from 1 to 5 respectively. In the first 4 sections the right answers were graded with a score of 2, wrong answers were graded with a score of 0, and a score of 1was given when the student did not have an idea. The maximum score for the first 4 sections of the questionnaire were 12, 38, 14, and 14 respectively. In the 5(th) section the probable sources of knowledge of AIDS, such as school, friends, family, newspapers, books, and TV, were questioned. The mean score received from the questionnaire were 49.50 +/- 6.50 (minimum: 27, maximum: 69). The mean score for the females was 49.69 +/- 6.46, it was 49.32 +/- 6.66 for the males (p > 0.05). The mean score for the first 4 sections were 8.2 +/- 2.15, 24.7 +/- 4, 16, 9.70 +/- 2.30, and 6.90 +/- 1.79, respectively. Statistically, there was no significant difference observed between the 15-16, 17-18, and 19-20 age groups on knowledge about risk factors for AIDS (p > 0.05). However, there were meaningful differences in what kind of disease is AIDS, how AIDS can be transmitted, and ways of protection from AIDS (p < 0.05). In aspect of type of high school the knowledge levels of students about AIDS obtained from the questionnaire were statistically different. Concerning the total score of the questionnaire, the students from trade schools received the lowest score, while the highest score of risk factors for AIDS. were received by Anatolian high school students. The highest score for what kind of illness is AIDS, how AIDS be can transmitted, and ways of protection from AIDS were received by private high school students. High school students in this region do not have enough knowledge on AIDS. They need education especially on ways of protection and spread of AIDS.Öğe PREVALENCE OF METHICILLIN-SENSITIVE AND METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCI IN INTENSIVE CARE UNITS IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL(Modestum Ltd, 2005) Savas, Lutf; Duran, Nizami; Onlen, Yusuf; Savas, Nazan; Ocak, Sabahattin; Iris, Nur EfeAim: The intensive care units (ICUs) are burdened with a high frequency of nosocomial infections often caused by multiresistant nosocomial pathogens. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and Staphylococcus aureus are reported as important causative agents of nosocomial infections. The objective of this study was to identify frequency of methicillin resistant and susceptible staphylococci from the various clinical samples in ICUs, and to investigate resistance patterns against various antibiotics used broadly for treatment. Methods: Originating from four selected ICUs and burn center in a University hospital, a total of 241 staphylococci strains from blood, respiratory tract, urine and wound sites were processed in our central laboratory to assess their occurrence rates and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Susceptibility tests of isolates were performed according to disc diffusion method recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Results: Staphylococci strains were isolated from 40.4% of the patients in ICUs. The rates of methicillin resistant and susceptible Staphylococcus aureus were 24.1% and 9.96%, respectively. Out of 241 isolates, 14.5% methicillin sensitive CoNS and 15.8% methicillin resistant staphylococci were isolated. The highest staphylococci isolation (47.3 %) was obtained in cardiovascular surgical ICU which is followed by general surgical ICU (45.1%), burn center (39.8%), coronary ICU (39.4%) and internal ICU (33.9%). There is statististically significant difference between surgical ICU and internal ICU. None of the isolated staphyloccocci showed resistance against vancomycin. Penicillin resistance was found to be 100% in methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains while it was 76% in methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. There is significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: Frequency of staphylococci was found to be high in patients treated at intensive care units. Antibiotic resistance patterns of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be quite higher than that of methicillin susceptible staphylococcci.Öğe The Prevalence of the Palmaris Longus Agenesis: A Study in Afghan Population(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Dogramaci, Yunus; Kalacı, Aydıner; Savas, Nazan; Esen, Erdinc; Ucar, Edip; Duman, I. Gokhan; Kanatli, UlunayObjective: Palmaris longus (PL) is a structure often used in reconstructive surgery mainly in the setting of tendon grafting. The palmaris longus agenesis varies depending on the race/ethnicity. Awareness of the prevalence in the treated population or ethnic group is important. The prevalence of palmaris longus agenesis has, to the best of the authors' knowledge, not been reported in Afghan population. Material and Methods: Four-hundred and thirty healthy Afghan subjects (215 males and 215 females) were clinically examined for the presence or absence of palmaris longus. The examination entailed observation of the volar aspect of the wrist, looking for the palmaris longus tendon using Schaeffer's test and Mishra's second test. Results: PL tendon was found to be absent unilaterally in 7.7% and bilaterally in 14.2% of study participants. The overall prevalence of absence of PL (unilateral or bilateral) was 21.9%. Bilateral absence of PL was statistically more frequent than the unilateral absence. The prevalence of absence of PL was statistically similar between the genders and the sites. Conclusion: The prevalence of the palmaris longus agenesis in the Afghan subjects was found to be much higher than the reported average prevalence in the Asian population.
