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    Assessment of applied microwave power of intermittent microwave-dried carrot powders from colour and NIRS
    (Eesti Pollumajandusulikool, 2019) Keskin, M.; Soysal, Y.; Sekerli, Y.E.; Arslan, A.; Celiktas, N.
    Applied microwave (MW) power level is an essential factor on the quality of the dried agricultural products. Even if higher MW powers result in shorter drying times, they lead to quality degradations. It is almost impossible to know the applied MW power of a dried and powdered product by human vision. Thus, the aim of this study was to predict the applied MW power of carrot powders by using two different instruments, a chromameter and FT-NIRS. The experiments were carried out at nine different power levels (100–500 W) with three replications (N = 27). The colour and NIR reflectance was measured using a chromameter and NIRS system. The data was analysed using PLS regression. The drying time of intermittent MW drying at the highest applied power of 500 W was 1.12–5.47 times shorter than those of other lower applied powers. Applied MW power was a crucial factor on all colour parameters of the powdered carrots. Brightness (L*) decreased significantly with the increase of applied MW power resulting in darker product colours. Data analysis results showed that the NIRS system (R2 = 0.99; SEP = 16.1 W) can predict the microwave power of powdered carrots with significantly better performance than a chromameter (R2 = 0.95; SEP = 29.9 W). But, the chromamater is far more inexpensive when compared with the NIRS system and hence, it can also be used to predict the applied MW power from the colour data relatively well. Also, a mathematical model was developed to predict applied MW power from the colour parameters. © 2019, Eesti Pollumajandusulikool. All rights reserved.
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    Awareness and adoption of precision agriculture in the Cukurova region of Turkey
    (Eesti Pollumajandusulikool, 2016) Keskin, M.; Sekerli, Y.E.
    Adoption of precision agriculture (PA) technologies has an increasing trend in developed countries. However, it is not well known in developing countries including Turkey. No study was reported on the awareness of PA in Turkey before. The objectives of this study were to assess the awareness of PA in the Cukurova region of Turkey using an interview survey study and also to briefly inform each survey participant about these technologies. The study was conducted with 164 participants that were agricultural engineers, farm equipment dealers and farmers. 90.2% of all participants reported that they followed new trends in agriculture. However, 51.8% of all participants indicated that they did not hear the term ‘PA’ before. Only 29.3% of the participants who heard the term ‘PA’ knew its concept. Internet was the most important means to gather information on new technologies. Most three well-known technologies by all participants were satellite positioning (GPS) (81.7%), geographical information systems (GIS) (69.5%) and remote sensing (61.0%) as the least known two ones were variable rate application (33.5%) and soil sampling and mapping (34.8%). In addition, a training brochure was handed out to each participant and the PA technologies were explained. 97.6% of the participants expressed that these technologies would be somehow beneficial for agriculture in Turkey. 88.4% of the participants wanted to get more detailed training on these technologies. Also, information on recent developments in the adoption of PA technologies is included in the paper. © 2016, Eesti Pollumajandusulikool. All rights reserved.