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  • Küçük Resim
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    Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas in some cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae) and bindweed (Convolvulaceae) in Hatay Province of Turkey
    (2022) Çarpar, Hakan; Sertkaya, Gülşen
    Aims: During a disease survey conducted in 2019, typical symptoms including yellowing of the leaves, stunting, shortening of internodes, proliferation of auxiliary shoots (witches'-broom), the bunchy appearance of growth at the ends of stems (rosetting), virescence of flowers or sterility, phyllody, small and deformed leaves and fasciation were observed on suspected cucurbit plants growing in Hatay province. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the phytoplasma infection(s) on cucurbit crops and bindweed in Hatay province of Turkey.Methods and Results: In total; 4 pumpkins (winter squash: Cucurbita moschata Duchesne), 12 summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) and 2 bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) samples were collected from suspected plants in cucurbit fields in Hatay province. Some of the plants (2 pumpkins, 10 summer squash and 2 bindweeds) exhibited symptoms related to phytoplasmas. Total nucleic acid was extracted by CTAB method. PCR amplification of 16S rDNA with phytoplasma specific primer pairs; F1/R0 followed by R16F2n/R2 confirmed the phytoplasma presence. Expected size amplicons of ~1.2 kb were obtained from infected samples from symptomatic cucurbits (12/12) and bindweed (1/2), but not from asymptomatic cucurbit plants (0/4). The sequences of the 4 symptomatic samples were deposited in NCBI GenBank (MT163353, MT163393, MT163396, and MT163469).Conclusions: After sequencing and phylogenetic analyses it was revealed that the squash isolates had 99% sequence identity with “Candidatus phytoplasma trifolii” (16SrVI) and the bindweed isolate had 99% sequence identity with “Candidatus phytoplasma solani” (16SrXII).Significance and Impact of the Study: There is a lack of knowledge on the status of phytoplasma infections and natural hosts in cucurbits in Turkey. According to our knowledge, this is the first report of a member of 16SrVI group, Candidatus phytoplasma trifolii associated with phytoplasma infection in winter squash-pumpkin (C. moschata) and summer squash (C. pepo) in Turkey.
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    Öğe
    Detection and characterization of Plum Pox Potyvirus (PPV) by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR / RFLP analysis in Turkey
    (TUBITAK, 2003) Sertkaya, Gülşen; Ulubaş, Çi?dem; Ça?layan, Kadriye
    This study was conducted to determine the presence of plum pox virus (PPV) (family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus) in different regions of Turkey and to characterize PPV isolates by serelogical and molecular techniques, including ELISA and PCR/RFLP. Thus, leaf samples from different stone fruit species (almond, apricot, nectarine, peach, plum and sour and sweet cherry) exhibiting various types of symptoms related to PPV were collected from different parts of the canopy from randomly selected orchards in the main stone fruit growing areas in Turkey, except for Malatya province. Polyclonal antibodies were used to detect the presence of PPV in the plant samples by serological assays (DAS-ELISA). The following monoclonal antibodies (MAbs): Mab 5B (Universal), Mab 4DG5 (PPV-D: Dideron-specific), Mab AL (PPV-M: Marcus-specific). Mab EA24 (PPV-El Amar-specific) and Mab AC (PPV-C: Cherry-specific), were used to identify the serotyping of PPV isolates. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of RT-PCR products were performed to characterize Turkish PPV isolates. The results of RT-PCR analyses using general primers were in complete agreement with the DAS-ELISA and DASI-ELISA results, showing that 2 of 52 stone fruit samples collected from apricots in Ankara province were infected with the M strain of PPV. This study confirmed the results of the previous work and demonstrated the presence of the PPV-M strain in apricots in Turkey.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Detection and characterization of plum pox potyvirus (PPV) by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR/RFLP analysis in Turkey
    (2003) Sertkaya, Gülşen; Ulubaş, Çiğdem; Çağlayan, Kadriye
    Ülkemizin farklı bölgelerinde Plum pox virüs (PPV) (family Potyviridae, genus Potyvirus)'ünün belirlenmesi ve gelişmiş yöntemler ile PPV izolatlarının araştırılması amacı ile, Malatya yöresi dışında kalan ülkemizin önemli yetiştirici bölgelerinde tesadüfi olarak seçilen bahçelerden PPV'ye özgü belirtiler gösteren badem, erik, kayısı, kiraz, nektarin, şeftali, ve vişne ağaçlarından yaprak örnekleri toplanmıştır. Serolojik (DAS-ELISA) çalışmalarda polyclonal antibodiler ve monoclonal antibodiler (MAbs); MabSB (Universal), Mab4DG5 (PPV-D: Dideron), MabAL (PPV-M: Marcus), MabEA24 (PPV-EI Amar) ve MabAC (PPV-C: Cherry) kullanılmıştır. Türkiye'ye ait PPV izolatiarını karakterize etmek için RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) / RFLP (Restriction fragment length polymorphism) analizi yapılmıştır. RT-PCR/RFLP analizi ile DAS-ELISA ve DASI-ELISA bulgularını destekleyen sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Toplam 52 örnekten iki adetinin PPV ile enfekteli olduğu ve bu iki kayısı izolatının M straini olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Türkiye'de kaysıda PPV-M ırkının varlığına dair önceki araştırma bulguları desteklenmiştir.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Hatay ili patates üretim alanlarında yonca mozaik virüsü (Alfalfa Mosaic Virus: AMV)’nün araştırılması
    (2017) Sertkaya, Gülşen; Çarpar, Hakan; Sertkaya, Erdal
    Hatay ili patates alanlarında 2009 ve 2010 yıllarında yapılan çalışmalarda Yonca mozaik virüsü (Alfalfa mosaic virus: AMV) ile enfekteli olabileceğinden şüphelenilen simptomlu patates bitkileri belirlenmiştir. Patates alanlarında AMV'nin varlığı ve yaygınlığı ile diğer konukçularını belirlemek üzere 2014-2015 yıllarında farklı çeşitlere ait patates tarlalarından şüpheli bitki örnekleri alınmıştır. İncelenen patates tarlalarında özellikle yabancı otlar üzerinde yoğun olarak AMV potansiyel vektörü olan Aphis fabae Scopoli, A. gossypii Glover, A. solanella Theobald, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) ve Rhopalosiphum padi L. türleri belirlenmiştir. Sarı desenler, lekeler ve daha sonra şiddetli kloroz gösteren patates yaprak örneği serolojik (DAS ELISA: Double antibody sandwich-Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) ve biyolojik indeksleme (mekanik inokulasyon) yöntemleri ile incelenmiştir. Ülkemizde Hatay ilinde yetiştirilen patateste son birkaç yıldır AMV'nin enfeksiyon oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Yabancı ot türlerinden Physalis angulata örneklerinde 2014 yılında %15.3 oranında AMV enfeksiyonu belirlenmiştir. Simptomlu patates bitkilerinde AMV enfeksiyonu 2014 ve 2015 üretim dönemlerinde %5.4 ve %4.6 olarak bulunmuştur. AMV'nin patateste düşük seviyelerde enfeksiyon oluşturmasına rağmen, özellikle Amik Ovası'nda yetiştirilen yonca, domates ve biber gibi diğer kültür bitkileri ile yabacı otlar veya bu kaynaklardan patatese virüsün vektör yaprak bitleri ile taşınabilmesi nedeni ile Hatay ilinde patateste AMV enfeksiyonu belirlenmesi önem taşımaktadır. Hatay ilinde patates bitkilerinde son birkaç yıldır görülmeye başlayan AMV enfeksiyonu için il dışından gelen enfekteli tohumluk yumruların kaynak olduğu düşünülmektedir. AMV'nin yıllara içinde patates alanlarındaki durumunu izlemek için patates, yabancı otlar ve diğer konukçuları ile ilgili çalışmalar devam etmektedir
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    Öğe
    Update on phytoplasma diseases associated with vegetable crops in Asian countries
    (Elsevier, 2023) Kumari, Shweta; Sertkaya, Gülşen; Krishnan, Nagendran; Pandey, Koshlendra Kumar; Singh, Jagdish; Çağlayan, Kadriye; Rao, Govind Pratap
    Phytoplasmas are phloem-limited bacteria associated with diseases in different vegetable crops from tropical to temperate regions of the world. The phytoplasma groups associated with vegetable crops have a major economic relevance all over Asia and leading to considerable economic losses. Phytoplasmas affect numerous vegetable crops belonging mostly to Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Cruciferae, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae, and Apiaceae families. Of the ribosomal groups documented globally, at least 11 groups have been detected in vegetables crops in Asia, and this highlights the need to adopt measures to prevent their introduction to new areas in various Asian countries. The majority of the phytoplasma reports on vegetables are from South and West Asia, however phytoplasmas in subgroup 16SrII are widely distributed throughout Asia suggesting the potential spread of these pathogens. The 16SrI (aster yellows) group is the most frequently detected in the East Asian countries mainly infecting solanaceous crops such as potato, tomato, brinjal, and chili. Conversely, the 16SrII (peanut witches' broom) group is the most widespread in the West Asian countries where it was associated with 17 different vegetable crop species followed by the phytoplasmas classified in the 16SrVI group. Several leafhoppers and weed species are reported in different Asian countries as reservoirs of phytoplasmas in different vegetable crops. The management of these phytoplasma-associated diseases relies on integrated approaches involving the use of resistant genotypes and cultural practices such as rogueing, use of clean propagating materials, and control of insect vectors. This chapter provides an overview of phytoplasma diseases infecting vegetable crops in Asia, with emphasis on symptoms, classification, geographic distribution, genetic diversity, mixed infection with other pathogens and management. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.