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    Distribution and altitudinal structuring of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in southern Anatolia, Turkey
    (Soc Vector Ecology, 2007) Simsek, Fatih M.; Alten, Bulent; Caglar, Selim S.; Ozbel, Yusuf; Aytekin, A. Murat; Kaynas, Sinan; Belen, Asli
    The two Old World genera, Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia, were both recorded in southern Anatolia in Turkey. Phlebotomus species predominated and comprised about 93% of the entire collection (3,172 specimens). Out of the sixteen species identified, two belonged to the genus Sergentomyia: S. dentata and S. theodori. The remaining fourteen species in the genus Phlebotomus were grouped under four subgenera including some species that are elsewhere known to act as vectors of human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Most of the Phlebotomus were P tobbi (32.5%), but P papatasi, R transcaucasicus, P halepensis, P galilaeus, P sergenti, R syriacus, P neglectus, P simici, P alexandri, P similis, P jacusieli, R perfiliewi, and R brevis were also identified. There were two associations of sand fly fauna with altitudinal gradient; the first one at relatively higher altitudes and the second one at lower altitudes. The transition between these two assemblages was within the range of 8001,000 m. It is likely that Adana and Hatay provinces are transitional areas between western and eastern Anatolia. Mountains do not appear to be important geographical barriers for sand fly distribution. We also found that the proven vector R sergenti is a widely distributed species throughout southern Anatolia and this species, together with its closely related species R similis, shows sympatry in Konya Province.
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    Spatial distribution of phlebotomine sand flies in the Aydin Mountains and surroundings: the main focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in western Turkey
    (Soc Vector Ecology, 2011) Ozbel, Yusuf; Balcioglu, I. Cuneyt; Olgen, M. Kirami; Simsek, Fatih M.; Toz, Seray Ozensoy; Ertabaklar, Hatice; Demir, Samiye
    An entomological survey was conducted to determine the spatial distribution of phlebotomine fauna and understand the effect of environmental factors. The entomological survey was carried out during 2006-2007 in a study area in the rural area of Aydin province, near the Kusadasi town where VL, CL, and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) are endemic. In 2006 and 2007, 132 locations were sampled using sticky traps mainly on embankments. Detailed environmental and meteorological information was also collected for each location. The results of entomological studies indicated that the probable vectors are Phlebotomus tobbi and P. neglectus for VL and CanL, and P. similis for CL in this western leishmaniasis focus. The data revealed a correlation between their presence and spatial variables such as altitude, sampling site location, and humidity. The distribution areas of probable vector species in this study area allowed the identification of risk levels, which may provide useful information to guide the leishmaniasis research in endemic regions.