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    The contribution of plastinates to teaching complex anatomy of the heart
    (2021) Aytaç, Güneş; Öğüt, Eren; Fiekerci, Rahime; Gürçay, Sezgi; Oğuz, Nurettin; Sindel, Muzaffer
    Objectives: The use of plastination can minimize health risks and cost in anatomy laboratories. Plastinates are easy to han-\rdle and can facilitate the learning of complex anatomical structures. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of\rplastinates to teaching complex anatomy of the heart.\rMethods: Standard S10 technique was used for heart plastination by fixation, dehydration, impregnation and curing stages.\rNinety volunteer first-year medicine students at Akdeniz University, who did not take cardiovascular system anatomy lectures\ryet, were included. Formalin-fixed heart specimens were used in the lecture of group 1; both formalin-fixed heart specimens\rand heart plastinates were used in the lecture of group 2. After the lecture, a 10-question exam was administered. Statistical\rsignificance between the scores of the two groups was tested with one sample t-test, and post hoc Tukey test was used for\rmultiple comparisons.\rResults: The pre-test scores of the groups were compared with the scores obtained after the 2 hours of lecture (p=0.002,\rp<0.05). The test scores of both groups increased significantly after the lecture (p<0.05). The post-test scores of group 2 wer e\rsignificantly higher than group 1 (p= 0.047, p<0.05). The average test scores of those trained with formalin-fixed specimens\rincreased from 23.78±1.94 to 48.22±3.19 (p<0.05). Students gave positive feedback about heart plastinates, and they stated\rthat their rising interest in the anatomy lecture due to the odourless, disinfected and reusable materials.\rConclusion: In conclusion, besides being cost-effective, healthy, long lasting and easy to maintain materials, plastinates are\ruseful tools to teach complex anatomical structure
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    The role of lateralisation and sex on insular cortex: 3D volumetric analysis
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Oz, Fatma; Acer, Niyazi; Katayifci, Nihan; Aytac, Gunes; Karaali, Kamil; Sindel, Muzaffer
    Background/aim: The insula has attracted the attention of many neuroimaging studies because of its key role between brain structures. However, the number of studies investigating the effect of sex and laterality on insular volume is insufficient. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in insular volume between sexes and hemispheres. Materials and methods: A total of 47 healthy participants [24 males (20.08 +/- 1.44 years) and 23 females (19.57 +/- 0.90 years)] underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Imaging was performed using the 3T MRI scanner. The insular volume was measured using the Individual Brain Atlases using Statistical Parametric Mapping (IBASPM); total intracranial, cerebral, grey and white matter volumes were measured using volBrain. Results: The right insular volume was significantly higher than the left insular volume in the participants, and the left cerebral volume was significantly higher than the right cerebral volume (p < 0.05). The total brain, total cerebral, left and right insular, and cerebral volumes were significantly larger in males than in females (p < 0.001). Also, the ratios of the insular volume to total brain and cerebral volume were significantly higher in males than in females (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study shows that insular volume differs with laterality and sex. This outcome may be explained by the anatomical relationship between the insula and behavioural functions and emotional reactions and the fact that the right side of the brain is best at expressive and creative tasks.