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    Influence of application mode of universal adhesive on the surface morphology, elemental composition and bond strength of calcium silicate-based cements to composite resin: a SEM-EDX microanalysis study
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Sismanoglu, S.; Yildirim-Bilmez, Z.; Gurcan, A. T.; Gumustas, B.
    Maintaining pulp vitality is one of the most important issues in dentistry and the quality of the bond strength of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) used for this purpose to restorative material directly affects the long-term success of the treatment. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate microshear bond strength (mu SBS) of several CSCs to composite resin using a universal adhesive in both etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes and to examine surface characteristics after acid etching. Five CSCs, namely Angelus MTA, Biodentine, NeoMTA, TheraCal LC, and Well Root ST were evaluated. Fifteen specimens per group were used for determining the mu SBS to composite resin. The composite resin was applied over CSCs using a universal adhesive either in etch-and-rinse or self-etch modes, and mu SBS of CSCs to composite resin was assessed. The effect of acid etching on the surface morphology and Ca/Si ratio of CSCs were examined by SEM-EDX microanalysis. The highest mu SBS was obtained for TheraCal LC in both etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes. No significant difference was found between Biodentine and MTA-based cements in the etch-and-rinse mode, whereas in the self-etch mode, Biodentine displayed a significantly superior bond strength. The results of SEM demonstrated distinct morphological alterations after acid etching. Acid etching decreased the Ca/Si ratio of the substrate surface by approximately 4-fold for all CSCs. TheraCal LC is more suitable for vital pulp therapy with its superior bond strength to composite resin. Furthermore, it may be suggested that adequate adhesive performance may also be achieved without an acid etching.
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    Influence of intracoronal bleaching agents on the bond strength of MTA cements to composite resin and their surface morphology
    (Springer, 2022) Sismanoglu, S.; Yildirim-Bilmez, Z.; Gurcan, A. T.; Gumustas, B.; Taysi, M.; Berkman, M.
    The objective of the present in vitro study was to evaluate micro-tensile bond strength (mu SBS) of MTA cements to composite resin using a universal adhesive after internal bleaching procedure, and to examine surface characteristics of MTA cements exposed to bleaching agents. MTA specimens were divided into three subgroups according to the bleaching agent used which were, 37% carbamide peroxide (CP), 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), and no exposure as a control group (n = 12). After exposure to bleaching agent, composite resins were applied to MTA surfaces using a universal adhesive in self-etch mode. The specimens were exposed to a shear force until failure to evaluate bond strength. MTA surfaces were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the effects of the bleaching agents. Differences between groups were analyzed using two-way ANOVA test and intergroup comparisons were assessed with Tukey test (p < 0.05). Although there was a slight difference in bond strength between bleaching agents (CP and HP), no significant difference was found, irrespective of MTA cement. After the HP application, the bond strength values decreased approximately by half compared with the controls. SEM results demonstrated distinct morphological differences between the intact MTA surface (control) and treated MTA surface. Distinct micro-cracks, surface irregularities, and capillary voids formed due to the superficial dissolution caused by peroxides. Exposure to the intra-coronal bleaching agents had a negative influence on the surface morphology of MTA cements and their bond strength to composite resin.