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Öğe Androgen status of the nonautoimmune dry eye subtypes(Karger, 2006) Tamera, Cengaver; Oksuz, Huseyin; Sogut, SadikPurpose: To evaluate androgen levels of patients diagnosed with nonautoimmune dry eye, either with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) or without MGD (non-MGD), and normal control subjects. This is a prospective, comparative, case-control study. Methods: Sixty-four (32 men and 32 women) subjects were enrolled for each of the three diagnostic groups. All dry eye patients were symptom positive. Non-fasting testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin, serum albumin, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA sulphate levels of all study participants were determined using either automated immunoenzymatic assay, or standard radioimmunoassay. Analysis of variance was used to compare androgen levels among the three diagnostic groups in a gender-based design, followed by post-hoc multiple comparisons with the Tukey honestly significant difference test. Results: Mean T levels in men and women of the three diagnostic groups were not significantly different (p = 0.808, p = 0.156, respectively; ANOVA). Statistical analyses of the three diagnostic groups revealed a significant difference for men and women in bioavailable T levels (p = 0.002, p = 0.014, respectively; ANOVA), DHEA levels (p = 0.009, p = 0.004, respectively; ANOVA), and DHEA sulphate levels (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively; ANOVA), whereas there was no statistically significant difference between non-MGD dry eye patients and controls for any of the measured androgen levels according to the post-hoc tests. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the androgen pool of nonautoimmune dry eye patients with MGD is significantly depleted compared with that of non-MGD and control cases. Copyright (c) 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel.Öğe THE CHANGES OF ZINC, COPPER, AND IRON LEVELS IN LUNG TISSUE AFTER FORMALDEHYDE INHALATION DURING THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD OF RATS(Modestum Ltd, 2005) Songur, Ahmet; Kus, Ilter; Sahin, Semsettin; Sogut, Sadik; Ozen, Oguz Aslan; Yaman, Mehmet; Sarsilmaz, MustafaAim: In this study, effects of inhaled formaldehyde ( FA) gas, during early postnatal period on the levels of zinc, copper and iron elements and activity of total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD) enzyme in lung tissue and also the reversibility of effects of formaldehyde were examined. Methods: For this purpose newly born albino Wistar rats were exposed to 0 ( control), 6 or 12 ppm FA gas for 30 days. After the treatment, rats were decapitated in 30th and 90th days. Activities of t-SOD and the levels of zinc, copper and iron were measured in lung samples. Results: A decrease in the t-SOD activity, copper and iron levels and increase in zinc levels were found in the treatment groups in comparison with control group at both 30th and 90th days measurements. Conclusion: It was thought that exposure to FA may alter the trace element levels of lung tissue including copper, zinc and iron, and induce further oxidative damage on lung tissue.Öğe Erdosteine against acetaminophen induced Renal toxicity(Springer, 2006) Isik, Bunyamin; Bayrak, Reyhan; Akcay, Ali; Sogut, SadikAcetaminophen (APAP) induced toxicities have been a major problem in clinical practice. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate a possible protective role of erdosteine, a mucolytic agent having antioxidant properties via its active metabolites, on APAP induced renal damage in rats. Female Wistar Albino rats were divided into groups including control, erdosteine (150 mg/kg, oral), APAP (1 g/kg, oral) APAP+erdosteine (150 mg/kg, oral) and APAP+erdosteine (300 mg/kg, oral). APAP treatment caused lipid peroxidation as well as high NO level in renal tissue. Also, APAP treated rats had decreased activities of CAT and GSH-Px, but not SOD. In addition, tubular epithelial degeneration, vacuolization and cell desquamation were clearly observed in the APAP treated rats. The cellular debris in the proximal tubules and cortical interstitial congestions were prominent in the kidneys of APAP treated rats. BUN and creatinine levels were increased after APAP administration. All these pathological changes were reversed after erdosteine treatments. Erdosteine treated APAP groups showed milder tubular degeneration, epithelial vacuolization in the proximal tubules, lesser cellular desquamation and better morphology when compared with APAP groups. In conclusion, erdosteine may be a choice of preventive treatment against APAP induced nephrotoxicity.Öğe From darkening urine to early diagnosis of alkaptonuria(Medknow Publications, 2008) Peker, Erdal; Yonden, Zafer; Sogut, SadikAlkaptonuria is a rare disorder of metabolism characterized by deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase. Characteristic features include darkening of urine, ochronosis, and arthropathy. Darkening of urine is the only sign of the disorder in the pediatric age group, and it occurs at very early stage of the disorder, as reported by the parents. A 4-year-old boy presented to our clinic with the complaint of dark urine and bluish black staining of clothes. This darkening pointed to a positive physical history of bluish discoloration of sclerae which occurred off and on. We initiated treatment with ascorbic acid and a protein diet with restriction of phenylalanine and tyrosine (1.6 g/kg/d). This case report is significant because of the early diagnosis made.Öğe The protective effect of N-acetylcysteine against cyclosporine A-induced hepatotoxicity in rats(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2008) Kaya, Hasan; Koc, Ahmet; Sogut, Sadik; Duru, Mehmet; Yilmaz, H. Ramazan; Uz, Efkan; Durgut, RamazanThe immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine A (CsA) has been reported to exert measurable hepatotoxic effects. One of the causes leading to hepatotoxicity is thought to be reactive oxygen radical formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment on CsA-induced hepatic damage by both analysing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities with malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, and using an histological approach. CsA administration produced a decrease in hepatic SOD activity, and co-administration of NAC with CsA resulted in an increase in SOD activity. MDA and NO levels increased in the CsA group and NAC treatment prevented those increases. A significant elevation in serum AST and ALT activities was observed in the CsA group, and when NAC and CsA were co-administered, the activities of AST and ALT were close to the control levels. CsA treatment caused evident morphological alterations. Control rats showed no abnormality in the cytoarchitecture of the hepatic parenchyma. The co-administration of NAC with CsA showed no signs of alteration and the morphological pattern was almost similar to the control group. In conclusion, CsA induced liver injury and NAC treatment prevented the toxic side effects induced by CsA administration through the antioxidant and radical scavenging effects of NAC. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe Protective Effects of Edaravone on Experimental Spinal Cord Injury in Rats(Karger, 2011) Ozgiray, Erkin; Serarslan, Yurdal; Ozturk, Oktay Hasan; Altas, Murat; Aras, Mustafa; Sogut, Sadik; Yurtseven, TaskinBackground: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among youth and adults. Secondary injury mechanisms within the spinal cord (SC) are well known to cause deterioration after an acute impact. Free radical scavengers are among the most studied agents in animal models of SCI. Edaravone is a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals. Methods: We aimed to measure and compare the effects of both methylprednisolone and edaravone on tissue and on serum concentrations of nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and tissue total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in rats with SCI. SCI was induced in four groups of Wistar albino rats by a weight-drop method. The neurological function of the rats was periodically tested. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected, and SC tissue samples were harvested for biochemical evaluation. Results: The tissue level of NO was decreased in the edaravone-treated group compared with the no-treatment group (p < 0.05). The tissue levels of SOD and GSH-Px were higher in the edaravone-treated group than in the no-treatment group (p < 0.05). The serum levels of NO were lower in the edaravone-treated and methylprednisolone-treated groups than in the no-treatment group (p < 0.05). The serum levels of SOD in the edaravone-treated group did not differ from those of any other group. The serum levels of MDA in the edaravone-treated and no-treatment groups were higher than in the two other groups (p < 0.05). Tissue levels of MDA in the edaravone-treated group were lower than in the no-treatment group (p < 0.05). Tissue levels of TAC in the edaravone-treated group were higher than in the no-treatment and methylprednisolone-treated groups (p < 0.05). The neurological outcome scores of the animals in treatment groups did not depict any statistically significant improvement in motor functions. However, edaravone seemed to prevent further worsening of the immediate post-SCI neurological status. Conclusion: Our biochemical analyses indicate that edaravone is capable of blunting the increased oxidative stress that follows SCI. We show, for the first time, that edaravone enhances the TAC in SC tissue. This beneficial effect of edaravone on antioxidant status may act to minimize the secondary neurological damage that occurs during the acute phase after SCI. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, BaselÖğe Protective effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde-induced cerebellar damage in rats(Sage Publications Inc, 2011) Zararsiz, Ismail; Meydan, Sedat; Sarsilmaz, Mustafa; Songur, Ahmet; Ozen, Oguz Aslan; Sogut, SadikThis study aimed to investigate changes in the cerebellum of formaldehyde-exposed rats and the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on these changes. The study involved 21 male Wistar-Albino rats which were divided into three groups. The rats in Group I comprised the control group. The rats in Group II were injected with intraperitoneal 10% formaldehyde every other day. The rats in Group III received omega-3 fatty acids daily while exposed to formaldehyde. At the end of the 14-day experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation and the cerebellum removed. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), xanthine oxidase (XO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in cerebellum specimens by using spectrophotometric methods. In our study, levels of SOD and CAT were significantly decreased, and GSH-Px, XO, MDA levels were significantly increased in rats treated with formaldehyde compared with those of the controls. Whereas, it was seen that there was an increase in SOD and CAT enzyme activities and decrease in MDA, XO, and GSH-Px levels in rats administered to omega-3 fatty acids with exposure of formaldehyde. It was determined that exposure of formaldehyde increased free radicals in cerebellum of rats and this increase was prevented by administration of omega-3 fatty acids.Öğe Protective effects of tadalafil on experimental spinal cord injury in rats(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2010) Serarslan, Yurdal; Yonden, Zafer; Ozgiray, Erkin; Oktar, Sueleyman; Guven, Esref Oguz; Sogut, Sadik; Yilmaz, NebiTadalafil is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). Nitric oxide (NO) functions as a retrograde neurotransmitter in the spinal cord, and postsynaptic structures respond to NO by producing cGMP. The concentrations of cGMP in the spinal cord are controlled by the actions of PDE. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the effects of the use of both methylprednisolone and tadalafil on serum and tissue concentrations of NO, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and tissue glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI was induced in Wistar albino rats by dropping a 10 g rod from a 5.0 cm height at T8-10. The 28 rats were randomly divided into four equal groups: tadalafil, methylprednisolone, non-treatment and sham groups. Rats were neurologically tested at 24 hours after trauma. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and spinal cord tissue samples were harvested for biochemical evaluation. The tissue level of NO was increased in the tadalafil group compared with the non-treatment and methylprednisolone groups (p < 0.05). The tissue levels of SOD and GSH-Px did not differ between the groups. Serum levels of NO were higher in the tadalafil group than in the non-treatment group (p < 0.05). The increase in serum SOD levels was greater in the tadalafil group than the methylprednisolone group. Serum MDA levels in the tadalafll and methylprednisolone groups tended to be lower than in the non-treatment group (p > 0.05). Tissue MDA levels in the taclalafil and methylprednisolone groups tended to be lower than in the non-treatment group and sham groups (p > 0.05). Although there was no difference in neurological outcome scores between the taclalafil, methylprednisolone and non-treatment groups (p > 0.05), the animals in the taclalafil and methylprednisolone groups tended to have better Scores than the non-treatment group. Thus, tadalafil appears to be beneficial in reducing the effects of injury to the spinal cord by increasing tissue levels of NO and serum activity of SOD. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate level in age-related macular degeneration(Elsevier Science Inc, 2007) Tamer, Cengaver; Oksuz, Huseyin; Sogut, SadikPURPOSE: To evaluate plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) levels in patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and controls. DESIGN: Case-controlled, prospective, comparative noninterventional study. METHODS: This study involved 32 men and 35 women with exudative AMD, 37 men and 38 women with nonexudative AMD, and 32 men and 32 women of an age,matched control group. The Wisconsin Age,Related Maculopathy Grading System was used to asses the severity of AMD lesions. DHEAS levels were measured and compared according to a gender based subdivision Analysis of variance was used to assess the association between DHEAS and AMD. Linear regression model was used to examine the relation among DHEAS level and AMD severity scale. RESULTS: Mean +/- SD of DHEAS levels in exudative AMD, nonexudative AMD, and controls in men was 2.67 +/- 0.68 mu mol/l, 2.89 +/- 0.95 mu mol/l, and 4.43 +/- 1.44 mu mol/l, respectively (P =.001), and in women was 1.64 +/- 0.72 mu mol/l, 1.85 +/- 0.73 mu mol/l, and 2.78 +/- 0.91 mu mol/l, respectively (P = .001). Post hoc Tukey analyses revealed a significant reduction in serum DHEAS level in both AMD groups, compared with controls for men and women (P =.001), while no difference was found between AMD groups in both men and women (P = .668 and 0.49, respectively). Regres, sion analyses revealed an inverse correlation among serum DHEAS level and AMD severity scale both in men and women (P = .006 and .007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests an inverse correlation between serum DHEAS level and AMD severity scale with a considerably reduced DHEAS level in AMD.
