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    Energy Balance and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions of Organic Fig (Ficus carica L.) Production in Turkey
    (Springer, 2022) Oguz, Halil Ibrahim; Baran, Mehmet Firat; Gokdogan, Osman; Eren, Omer; Solak, Mehmet
    This study was conducted in an organic fig farm in the 2017 production season in Adiyaman, Tut, at the Southeast Anatolia in Turkey. According to the findings, the energy inputs of organic fig production were calculated respectively as 2217.57 MJ ha(-1) (38.07%) human labour energy, 2025 MJ ha(-1) (34.76%) farmyard manure energy, 858.73 MJ ha(-1) (14.74%) diesel fuel energy, 545.29 MJ ha(-1) (9.36%) machinery energy, 79.72 MJ ha(-1) (1.37%) electricity energy, 49.56 MJ ha(-1) (0.85%) transportation energy and 49.30 MJ ha(-1) (0.85%) irrigation water energy. The energy yield of organic fig was calculated as 12,900 MJ ha(-1). The energy output-input ratio, specific energy, energy productivity, and net energy calculations were calculated as 2.21, 1.08 MJ kg(-1), 0.92 kg MJ(-1), and 7074.83 MJ ha(-1), respectively. Total input energy consumption in organic fig production was classified as 55.02% direct, 44.98% indirect, 73.67% renewable, and 26.33% non-renewable. Total GHG emission was calculated as 1109.02 kgCO(2-eq)ha(-1). The most significant portion was human labor (71.41%). The second most significant value was farmyard manure usage (17.65%), and others were as follows: diesel fuel consumption (3.80%), machinery usage (3.49%), electricity consumption (2.38%), water consumption of irrigation (1.20%) and transportation (0.07%). Additionally, GHG ratio value was calculated as 0.21 kgCO(2-eq)kg(-1) in organic fig.