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Öğe The analyzing of cost, profitability, economic and technical efficiency of fattening enterprises for beef production in Turkey: an example study from Hatay province(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2021) Tapki, NuranThe purpose of this study was to determine cost, profitability, economic and technical efficiency of cattle fattening enterprises in Turkey. The enterprises were divided into 3 groups according to the number of fattening cattle. The average labor force and land use were 3,06 person and 43,49 da. The average fattening period, total live weight gain per cattle, daily live weight gain, hot carcass weight and carcass yield were 251,8 days, 250 kg, 1002 g, 311 kg and 60,3% for the technical efficieny, respectively. The average gross production value, gross income, total operation cost, variable cost rate in total cost and fixed cost rate in total cost were 86 947, 101 168, 54 867 USD, 74,25% and 25,75%, respectively. The average production costs of per fattening cattle, per kg beef carcass, beef carcass sale price including support, net incomes of per fattening cattle and per kg carcass were 1 451 and 4,71, 5,64, 291 and 0,93 USD. While the marketing problem, skilled worker employment problem, feed price, long slaughtering date for animal cutting, import decision of live cattle and carcass, high interest rate of bank loan, and fattening cattle purchase price were determined as factors that negatively affect on the economic efficiency of enterprises, carcass sale price, capital amount, government subsidies, eligible loans to cattle fattening and capacity of cattle barn were determined as factors that positively affect. The results showed that foreign labor use, property and rental land use, technical efficiency, per kg live weight cost, per kg carcass sale price, net profit per cattle and per kg carcass were higher in large-scale enterprises, whereas family labor use, production costs of per cattle per kg carcass were lower than other group enterprises.Öğe The analyzing of cost, profitability, economic and technical efficiency of fattening enterprises for beef production in turkey: An example study from hatay province.(Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2021) Tapki, NuranThe purpose of this study was to determine cost, profitability, economic and technical efficiency of cattle fattening enterprises in Turkey. The enterprises were divided into 3 groups according to the number of fattening cattle. The average labor force and land use were 3,06 person and 43,49 da. The average fattening period, total live weight gain per cattle, daily live weight gain, hot carcass weight and carcass yield were 251,8 days, 250 kg, 1002 g, 311 kg and 60,3% for the technical efficieny, respectively. The average gross production value, gross income, total operation cost, variable cost rate in total cost and fixed cost rate in total cost were 86 947, 101 168, 54 867 USD, 74,25% and 25,75%, respectively. The average production costs of per fattening cattle, per kg beef carcass, beef carcass sale price including support, net incomes of per fattening cattle and per kg carcass were 1 451 and 4,71, 5,64, 291 and 0,93 USD. While the marketing problem, skilled worker employment problem, feed price, long slaughtering date for animal cutting, import decision of live cattle and carcass, high interest rate of bank loan, and fattening cattle purchase price were determined as factors that negatively affect on the economic efficiency of enterprises, carcass sale price, capital amount, government subsidies, eligible loans to cattle fattening and capacity of cattle barn were determined as factors that positively affect. The results showed that foreign labor use, property and rental land use, technical efficiency, per kg live weight cost, per kg carcass sale price, net profit per cattle and per kg carcass were higher in large-scale enterprises, whereas family labor use, production costs of per cattle per kg carcass were lower than other group enterprises. © 2021, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. All rights reserved.Öğe The comparison of dairy farms in different scales regarding milk production cost and profitability in Turkey: a case study from Hatay Province(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2019) Tapki, NuranThe objective of this study is to analyse the members of the Hatay Dairy Cattle Breeders' Association in economic terms. In the study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 112 producers. The grouping of the dairy farms was done considering the number of milking cows. Farms owning 1 to 9 head milking cows (46,4%) are regarded as the first group enterprises while those with 10 to 20 heads milking cows (29,5%) are the second group enterprises; with 21 to 50 heads milking cows (16,1%) are the third group enterprises and finally with 51 and above heads milking cows (8%) are the fourth group enterprises. The total labor forces are as 3,11, 3,06, 3,95 and 5,07 person (average 3,39 person); total land uses are as 33,43, 77,00, 88,71 and 167,00 da (average 65,89 da); total gross production values are as 28122, 49832, 83023 and 315906 USD (average 66467 USD); gross product values are as 35736, 58158, 92204 and 343982 USD (average 76187 USD); total costs are as 23957, 40029, 60302 and 228478 USD (average 50968 USD); variable cost rates in total costs are as 74,38%, 82,12%, 79,07% and 75,70% (average 77,52%); fixed cost rates in total costs are as 25,62%, 17,88%, 20,93% and 24,30% (average 22,48%); production costs per liter raw milk are as 0,275, 0,285, 0,290 and 0,305 USD (average 0,283 USD) and milk sale prices including primes are as 0,325, 0,328, 0,345 and 0,370 USD (average 0,333 USD) for the group I, II, III and IV dairy enterprises respectively. The results demonstrated that the per liter milk sales price was higher and the cost of per liter milk production was lower in the dairy enterprises having higher number of milking cows (group IV) than the other groups.Öğe Determination of technical efficiency in laying hen farms in Turkey: a case study of Hatay Province(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Administracao, 2022) Parlakay, Oguz; cimrin, Tulay; Tapki, Nuran; Akpinar, Gulsen copur; Yildirim, HakanThis research was conducted in the province of Hatay, which hosts a concentrated trading activity comprising of maritime and road transport activities as well as border trade and which is strategically significant due to its geographical location. This research aims to calculate and evaluate the technical efficiency scores of laying hen farms established in Hatay province in southern Turkey. For this purpose, research data were collected from 22 poultry egg enterprises operating in the province of Hatay using the Census method. Research data were analyzed using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, which is often referred for the measurement of efficiency. Socio-economic factors affecting technical efficiency scores were determined using the Tobit Regression model. Mean technical efficiency score, in the analysis, was computed as 0.95 using DEA - Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and 0.98 using DEA -Variable Return to Scale (VRS). The poultry egg enterprises examined have been determined to produce the same level of output when reducing the inputs used in the current production technology by 5% and 3% respectively in accordance with the DEA-CRS and DEA-VRS approaches. Socio-economic variables that are thought to have a statistically significant effect on the efficiency scores of the poultry egg enterprises were determined as education level and experience of the farmer; i.e. it has been determined that farmers with a lower formal education level and more experienced farmers are tend to be more efficient. As a result, it has been concluded that poultry egg enterprises operating in Hatay province are working efficiently in terms of both input use and economies of scale. Inefficient enterprises have been determined to have higher costs and higher labor utilization rates. It can be suggested that the workforce should be better organized regarding the measures that should be taken to ensure the full efficiency of laying hen farms operating in poultry egg production industry. Based on the conclusion that more experienced farmers are more efficient although they have lower formal education levels, it is suggested that the efficiency of the poultry egg farmers may be scaled up by organizing training programs that will improve their level of knowledge.Öğe A DETERMINATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING FARMERS' SATISFACTION WITH MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS (MAPs) AGRIBUSINESS WITH RESPECT TO SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE IN HATAY, TURKEY BY USING LOGISTIC REGRESSION(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Tapki, Nuran; Dagistan, Erdal; Demirtas, Bekir; Kiziltug, Tugce; Celik, Ahmet Duran; Kekec, NurcanMedicinal and aromatic plants contribute to the economy by maintaining the health of the population that sustains the economy, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate collection and development opportunities of medicinal and aromatic plants, the socio-economic structure, and the satisfaction of farmers. In the study, 94 surveys were carried out with medicinal and aromatic plant collectors from nature by the methods of full count and face to face interview. According to the research results, 70.21 % of the farmers had graduated from primary school, and 2.13 % had graduated from universities. The average duration of experience with MAPs was 9.90 years, and the average farmer's age was 46.8 years old. The collecting land area average was 1.25 ha(-1). Laurus nobilis, Thymus vulgaris L., Rhus coriaria L., Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis L., Vacinium myrtillus were the plants most collected from nature. The factors affecting the satisfaction of farmers were determined, including the age of the enterprise owner, marketing problems, labor problems, the prices of medicinal and aromatic plants, expectations about the future of MAPs, the percentage of medicinal and aromatic plants in total income, transportation cost, and the gradual decrease of the amount of harvested MAPs every year. Among farmers, the proportion of satisfaction was 59.4 %. The average annual income of farmers from MAPs' sale was 2,290 USD. Inadequate cultivation and marketing of the MAPs sector were found as the biggest problems. Therefore, it is crucial to gather MAPs farmers in an organization to solve the sector's problems.Öğe Economic analyses of pesticide usage on red peppers (Capsicum) in Hatay Province in Turkey and determination of production cost(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Letras Ciencias Humanas, 2015) Dagistan, Erdal; Demirtas, Bekir; Tapki, Nuran; Uremis, Ilhan; Arslan, MehmetThis study was conducted to determine red pepper production economics and pesticide usage in Hatay. The data was collected from 91 pepper producers by using the face to face interview survey method. Among enterprises within the research, pepper production is one of the most important income sources and it has a 39,85% share in their total income. Pesticide average usage is 12.42 gr/ha and includes the following: 6720 gr/ha of insecticides, 700gr/ha of acaricides, and 5000 gr/ha of fungicides. Pesticides expense has a 13,91% share in the total production cost. Producers are aware of the environmental damage caused by pesticide usage but they don't believe they have any alternative options. Average pepper production is 149,4 kg/ha with a profit of 2040 $/ha.Öğe Effects of milk marketing channel types on quality milk production and profitability of small-scale dairy farms regards to food security in Turkey(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2021) Tapki, NuranThe aim of this study is to demonstrate the impact of raw milk marketing channel types of small-scale dairy cattle farms on the quality milk production and economic efficiency, as well as on food security and rural development. Within the research, sixty small-scale farms, in total owning 1-20 head Holstein Friesian lactating cows, were selected and divided into subgroups based on their marketing channel types: (1) Marketing Channel I (MARKCHAN 1), in this marketing channel type, the milk produced is sold to the milk collection center daily, (2) Marketing Channel II (MARKCHAN II), in this marketing channel type, the producers sell the milk either as raw milk or in milk products. Milk samples were taken from the buckets of milk ten times on a monthly basis. The results demonstrated that 96.67% of the MARKCHAN I and 53.33% of the MARKCHAN II farms produced quality milk while the production rate of poor-quality milk was 3.33% for MARKCHAN I and 46.67% MARKCHAN II farms (P < 0.05), respectively. MARKCHAN I farms have less antibiotic residues in the milk than MARKCHAN II farms. The average somatic cell count, milk, fat, dry matter, protein, acidity and density were measured in MARKCHAN 1 and MARKCHAN II farms as 331608; 642964; 3.9867%, 3.4600%; 12.5624%, 10.8020%; 3.4847%, 3.2433%; 6.5300, 6.9747 (pH) and 1.0451, 1.0298 (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the average number of lactating cows, lactation milk yield, annual profit per cow, milk sale price, total active capital and animal capital were measured in MARKCHAN 1 and MARKCHAN II farms as 11.67, 5.40 head; 5033, 4301 kg; 788; 386 $US, 0.47, 0.42 $US; 91712, 53282 $US and 21305, 13284 $US (P < 0.05), respectively. All in all, MARKCHAN 1 farms marked safer and offered higher quality milk, they have a better milk composition and are economically more efficient, as well as in their capital structure (P < 0.05), compared to MARKCHAN II. © 2021 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved.Öğe EFFECTS OF MILK MARKETING CHANNEL TYPES ON QUALITY MILK PRODUCTION AND PROFITABILITY OF SMALL-SCALE DAIRY FARMS REGARDS TO FOOD SECURITY IN TURKEY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Tapki, NuranThe aim of this study is to demonstrate the impact of raw milk marketing channel types of small-scale dairy cattle farms on the quality milk production and economic efficiency, as well as on food security and rural development. Within the research, sixty small-scale farms, in total owning 120 head Holstein Friesian lactating cows, were selected and divided into subgroups based on their marketing channel types: (1) Marketing Channel I (MARKCHAN 1), in this marketing channel type, the milk produced is sold to the milk collection center daily, (2) Marketing Channel II (MARKCHAN 11), in this marketing channel type, the producers sell the milk either as raw milk or in milk products. Milk samples were taken from the buckets of milk ten times on a monthly basis. The results demonstrated that 96.67% of the MARKCHAN I and 53.33% of the MARKCHAN II farms produced quality milk while the production rate of poor-quality milk was 3.33% for MARKCHAN I and 46.67% MARKCHAN II farms (P < 0.05), respectively. MARKCHAN I farms have less antibiotic residues in the milk than MARKCHAN II farms. The average somatic cell count, milk, fat, dry matter, protein, acidity and density were measured in MARKCHAN 1 and MARKCHAN II farms as 331608; 642964; 3.9867%, 3.4600%; 12.5624%, 10.8020%; 3.4847%, 3.2433%; 6.5300, 6.9747 (pH) and 1.0451, 1.0298 (P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the average number of lactating cows, lactation milk yield, annual profit per cow, milk sale price, total active capital and animal capital were measured in MARKCHAN 1 and MARKCHAN II farms as 11.67, 5.40 head; 5033, 4301 kg; 788; 386 $US, 0.47, 0.42 SUS; 91712, 53282 SUS and 21305, 13284 $US (P < 0.05), respectively. All in all, MARKCHAN 1 farms marked safer and offered higher quality milk, they have a better milk composition and are economically more efficient, as well as in their capital structure (P < 0.05), compared to MARKCHAN II.Öğe Organic food awareness in Turkey(United Arab Emirates Univ, 2015) Demirtas, Bekir; Parlakay, Oguz; Tapki, NuranThe objective of this study was to determine which variables may affect consumers' knowledge and awareness about organic foods in Turkey. The data was collected from 786 consumers who live in urban areas and it was analyzed by means of multinomial logistic regression model. The level of consumer awareness is calculated as 38%. A relationship was found between level of awareness of organic foods and consumers' education and income levels, as well as earlier experience of organic food consumption and living standards. Education and income level are the most important factors affecting organic food awareness. It is suggested that regional general evaluation should be carried out in studies on consumer behavior. Organic food producers should focus on awareness of the consumer and building marketing system from urban areas to small towns. Increasing of public support is important to defeat high price disadvantage of organic foods. It is presented that organic food consuming rate could be increased by increasing organic food awareness in the research area.Öğe A study on income distribution and poverty analysis in Turkey: Example of Hatay province(WFL Publisher Ltd., 2013) Semerci, Arif; Da?istan, Erdal; Yilmaz, Yalçin; Tapki, NuranThis study was held to show Households' income distribition and expense amount in rural and urban areas of Hatay Province in the Mediterranean Region. Data used in this study are for the year 2010 and these data were obtained through 715 interviewed and determined by "Probablity Sampling Method" households in rural and district center. Income distribution of households in the survey has been analysed by usaging scales of Interests of Management, Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve. According to results, the difference between the 20% slice of the highest-income and 20% slice of lowest income is 14.7 times in rural areas and 5.9 times in urban areas. Gini coefficient calculated for research area been determined as 0.47 for households live in rural areas and 0.34 for households live in urban areas. When these data are compared with the overall Turkey, it is seen that while there is not a significant difference in income distribution in urban areas but the income distribution in rural areas is quite disrupted when compared with overall country. 28.9% of the rural population in the region live below the poverty line. It is determined that in income groups, food expenditure comes first both in rural and urban areas. In study it has been concluded that income inequality has reached significant levels. Especially, priority should be given policies for the creation of new employment opportunities which will affect income distribution positively in rural development strategies.
