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Öğe Distribution and Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Streams of Amanos Mountains from Southern Turkey(Springer, 2021) Yipel, Mustafa; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Dikmen, Bilal; Yarsan, EnderAssessing the potential ecological risks of chemical pollutants like heavy metals is a key tool of a sustainable environment. With this goal, ecotoxicological significant metal (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) levels of the water (n = 32) and sediment (n = 32) samples of streams [rural (8 points) and urban (8 points) sides] on Amanos Mountains were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and ecotoxicological risk assessment was performed through the potential ecological risk index (RI). The study region with intense urban activities has also ecological importance with regards to wildlife. It is located on the migration route of birds, hosts loggerhead and green sea turtles, Mediterranean seals, and some terrestrial species like mountain gazelle and striped hyena. All calculated RI values were below the potential risk limits and the ecotoxicological risk was observed to be very low. Metal levels should be monitored periodically, and necessary measures should be taken before the reflection of the increase to be determined by the risk assessment on the ecosystem.Öğe Ethnoveterinary Uses of Medicinal Plants in Mediterranean District, Turkey(Chiminform Data S A, 2017) Yipel, Mustafa; Yipel, Fulya Altinok; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Guzel, YeldaEthnoveterinary Medicine (EVM) research is defined as the reevaluation of the animal disease prevention and treatment folklore dating back to 14,000 years using modern and scientific methods. The knowledge acquired in centuries by trial and error has been used in medicine and has reached today by being transferred from generation to generation. As the science of chemistry has developed after the 18th century, synthetic or semi-synthetic materials have replaced the plants as raw materials for drugs. However, the emerging problems caused by the side effects of modern drugs in the recent years have popularized the use of natural drugs again. This study is conducted in the Mediterranean Region which is ranked at the top of medical aromatic plant diversity list in Turkey. 60 participants living in the region, chosen by random sampling have been interviewed face-to-face and we have tried to measure their knowledge about the plants they use for EVM. The obtained information has enabled us to make 168 citations to 67 different plants used in animal diseases. L. nobilis L., (%7.14), Mentha spp. and Urtica urens L. (%4. 17) were the most prominent among these plants and it was reported that the medicinal plants were mostly used for gastrointestinal disorders (%26). Although EVM parctices reached today and are still being widely applied, the recorded information about this subject in Turkey and many other countries is inadequate. This study presents information about the plants used in Turkey's Mediterranean region for EVM and how they are used to treat which diseases.Öğe Evaluation of bulk tank raw milk and raw chicken meat samples as source of ESBL producing Escherichia coli in Turkey: Recent insights(Wiley, 2019) Kuerekci, Cemil; Osek, Jacek; Aydin, Muhsin; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Kurpas, Monika; Wieczorek, Kinga; Sakin, FatihExtended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) was detected in 86.6% of chicken and 22.6% of bulk tank milk (BTM) samples. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed 49 distinct restriction profiles among 66 isolates, and 62.3% of the isolates carried the bla(CTX-M) gene, among which CTX-M-1 was found to be the predominant ESBL types in chicken isolates, whereas CTX-M-15 was the commonest among BTM samples. Additionally, of 52 ESBL-EC isolates from chicken meat samples, 36.5%, 9.6%, and 7.7% harbored the bla(TEM), bla(CMY-2), and bla(SHV-12) genes, respectively, compared with 28.5% of the bla(TEM) and 7.1% of the bla(SHV-12) markers among BTM isolates. The fimH gene was present in 51 isolates of chicken and in 14 isolates of BTM samples, while other virulence genes iutA (n = 31), iroN (n = 26), kpsMT II (n = 5), papC (n = 2), papG allele II (n = 2), papG allele II-III (n = 2), and papEF (n = 2) were only present in chicken meat isolates. Overall, it can be said that contaminated chicken meat and BTM might serve as vehicles for playing potential role in zoonotic transmission of ESBL-EC to humans in Turkey. Practical applications Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli (ESBL-EC) have been considered to be one of the major worldwide clinical problems and have been frequently isolated from the foods of animal origins such as chicken meat, fish, and raw milk. The current study aimed to isolate ESBL-EC from chicken and bulk tank milk samples and further characterize the strains by PFGE, identifying resistance genes and as well as virulence genes. Given the high prevalence of CTX-M-15/55 type ESBL-EC strains possessing important virulence genes in chicken and milk samples, it can be said that foods of animal origins might be an important risk factor for extraintestinal ESBL-EC infections for humans.Öğe Health Risk Assessment of Essential and Toxic Metals in Canned/Pouched Food on Kitten and Adult Cats: an Animal Health Risk Assessment Adaptation Assay(Springernature, 2022) Altinok-Yipel, Fulya; Yipel, Mustafa; Tekeli, Ibrahim OzanThe main aim of this study was to determine the levels of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in commercial canned and pouched cat foods (salmon, tuna, liver, fish, and other aquatic products) and assess the potential health risks to kitten (<= 1 years old) and adult cats (>= 1 years old) associated with the recommended average consumption rate of labels. The study was also aimed to adapt the health risk assessment method to animal health and to support clinical prevention and diagnosis. The detected levels of the metals were below the data from other studies, except the mean Fe in all and Pb levels in salmon and kitten foods. Target hazard quotient (THQ) and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) values did not exceed 1. That means the studied metals do not pose a health risk for adult cats and kittens. Dietary Hg and Cd should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of cases with clinical or postmortem findings, especially regarding neurological, kidney, and liver tissues. In conclusion, although canned/pouched consumption does not pose a health risk with regard to metals, further studies of health risk assessment for other pollutants by this first adaptation method will be necessary.Öğe Heavy metal distribution in blood, liver and kidneys of Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and Green (Chelonia mydas) sea turtles from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Yipel, Mustafa; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Altug, Muhammed EnesThe aim of the present study was to determine the concentrations of the most investigated environmentally relevant heavy metals in two highly endangered sea turtle species (Caretta caretta and Chelonia mydas) from the important nesting area on the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. The highest mean concentration was of Fe, while Hg and Pb were lowest. All tissue concentrations of Al, As, Fe and Mn were significantly different between the species. In particular, As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Se, Zn concentrations were lower in Caretta caretta and Cd, Hg, Mn, Zn concentrations were lower in Chelonia mydas than those reported in other parts of the world. Compared to studies conductud in other parts of the Mediterranean, Cd was lower.Öğe Hepatoprotective Activity of Linalool in Rats Against Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride(Verlag Hans Huber, 2020) Altinok-Yipel, Fulya; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Ozsoy, Sule Yurdagul; Guvenc, Mehmet; Kaya, Alpaslan; Yipel, MustafaThis study aimed to investigate and compare hepatoprotective activity of Coriandrum sativum (Cs) and it is major component linalool (Ln) against experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Essential oil of Cs was isolated by hydrodistillation method and chemical composition was determined by GS-MS analysis. 42 male Wistar Albino rats were divited into 7 groups each containing 6. The experimental groups were designed as: Normal control group, 1 ml/kg CCl4 administirated group, 25 mg/kg Silymarin and CCl4 administirated group, 100 and 200 mg/kg Cs and CCl4 administirated groups, 100 and 200 mg/kg Ln and CCl4 administered groups. The protective activities were determined according to the results of liver biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP), antioxidant parameters (GSH, GPx, CAT), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and histopathological examination. Linalool percentage of Cs was 81.6%. The groups treated with linalool (100 and 200 mg/kg) (p < 0.01) and coriander (200 mg/kg) (p < 0.05) had significantly reduced AST (262-375) and ALT (101-290) levels (U/L) compared to the CCl4 (600-622) group. The levels (nmol/g protein) of MDA (11-12) were significantly lower (p < 0.01), the levels of GSH (11-12) and the activities of CAT (23-24) were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in linalool groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) compared to the CCl4 (18-5-10 respectively) group. These results were also supported by histopathological findings and indicate that Cs and Ln shows hepatoprotective activity against liver damage. In this regard, evaluation of activities of major components are needed to compare to medicinal plants in experimental diseases models.Öğe Inula viscosa ameliorates acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Cellat, Mustafa; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Turk, Erdinc; Aydin, Tuba; Uyar, Ahmet; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Gokcek, IshakIncreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress contribute to the pathophysiology of ulcerative colitis (UC). Inula viscosa is a plant with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the effect of an ethanolic extract of I. viscosa on an experimental UC model created using acetic acid. Rats were divided into four groups of eight: group 1, control; group 2, 3% acetic acid group; group 3, 100 mg/kg sulfasalazine + 3% acetic acid group; group 4, 400 mg/kg I. viscosa + 3% acetic acid. I. viscosa and sulfasalazine were administered by oral gavage and 3% acetic acid was administered per rectum. We found that I. viscosa treatment decreased colon malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta and nuclear factor kappa B levels; it increased reduced glutathione, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1 and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 levels and glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. Group 1 colon exhibited normal histological structure. Slight inflammatory cell infiltration and edema and insignificant slight erosion in crypts were detected in colon tissues of group 4. We found that I. viscosa reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, which was protective against UC by inducing the Nrf-2/Keap-1/HO-1 pathway in the colon.Öğe Occurrence and characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli from bovine and ovine bulk tank milk samples in Turkey(Wiley, 2021) Kurekci, Cemil; Aydin, Muhsin; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Sengul, Seydi Ahmet; Sakin, FatihThe objective of this study was to examine the occurrence and characteristics of ciprofloxacin-resistant (Cip(R)) Escherichia coli isolates on bulk tank milk (BTM) samples (bovine and ovine origins) in Turkey. A total of 91 BTM samples (41.7%, 95% confidence intervals 35.2-48.6%) out of 218 were found to be positive for Cip(R) E. coli isolates (MIC values of >= 4 mu g/ml). Analysis of PFGE fingerprint profile for E. coli isolates resulted in the 55 different pulsotypes based on >85% homology. All isolates were resistant to enrofloxacin and nalidixic acid and the resistance rates in bovine and ovine origin isolates were 94.9 and 78.1% for norfloxacin (p < .05) and 27.1 and 34.4% for levofloxacin, respectively. Additionally, resistance to non-quinolone antibiotics was commonly observed against tetracycline (resistance rates in bovine and ovine = 91.5 and 87.5%, respectively), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (83.1 and 93.8%, respectively), gentamycin (15.3 and 40.6%, respectively, p < .05) and chloramphenicol (23.7 and 65.6%, respectively, p < .05). The qnrS1 gene (3.1 and 6.8%, respectively) was the most prevalent PMQR genes in isolates from ovine and bovine origins, followed by aac (6 ')-Ib-cr (0 and 5.1%, respectively) and qnrB19 (0 and 1.7%, respectively). The other resistance genes including tetA, tetB, strA/B, aPozhA1, aadA, aadB, bla(CTX-M), and bla(TEM) were also identified in various frequencies. The most frequently observed virulence trait was fimH. The low-level presence of PMQR genes and as well as some virulence traits is an important finding, yet the results of this study are worrisome because quinolone antibiotics are still the drugs of choice for severe infections in humans.Öğe Occurrence and health risk assessment of aflatoxins and ochratoxin a in Surk, a Turkish dairy food, as studied by HPLC(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2018) Sakin, Fatih; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Yipel, Mustafa; Kurekci, CemilThe concentration of aflatoxins (AFs) and ochratoxin A (OTA) in Surk cheese samples was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) system, for which the analytical method was validated according to the guidelines issued by European Commission (EC). Additionally, cancer related health risk via dietary intake of Surk was assessed by calculating estimated daily intake (EDI) and hazard index (HI) for aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)), and Margin of Exposure (MoE) for aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) and Provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) for OTA. OTA was the most frequently detected toxin that was presented in 28 samples with concentration ranging from 0.058 to 5.04 mu g kg(-1)53.3% of samples contained AFM(1) at levels > LOQ of 0.07 mu g kg(-1), of which none exceeded the permissible maximum limits (0.5 mu g kg(-1)) established by Turkish legislation. Surk samples were found to contain AFB(1) at mean concentration of 0.610 mu g kg(-1). The range of concentrations of AFs and OTA in Surk observed in the current study was found to be below the official Turkish standard determined for various foodstuffs. However, HI from consuming Surk was found to be 1.02 mu g kg(-1) bw for AFM(1), and MoE value for AFB(1) was found to be 2982 which clearly indicates health risk AFM(1) and AFB(1) to Surk consumers. However. OTA contamination level was found to be low to produce health hazards according to PTWI value. According to health risk assessment of this study presents the first data about occurrence of AFs and OTA in Surk, yet data should be updated based on seasonal monitoring and consumption habits of both adults and infants. (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.Öğe Pharmacokinetics of letrozole and effects of its increasing doses on gonadotropins in ewes during the breeding season(Wiley, 2024) Kivrak, Mehmet Bugra; Corum, Orhan; Yuksel, Murat; Turk, Erdinc; Corum, Duygu Durna; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Uney, KamilLetrozole is a non-steroidal, third-generation aromatase inhibitor used in humans. Although letrozole is not approved for use in animals, it is used off-label in cases of synchronization and infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of letrozole after a single intravenous administration at three different doses in ewes during the breeding season and its effect on gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)) at the beginning of proestrus. The study was carried out on 24 healthy Merino ewes. Ewes were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) as control, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of letrozole were measured using HPLC-UV and were analyzed by non-compartmental analysis. LH and FSH concentrations were measured with a commercial ELISA kit. The terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2 lambda z)) was significantly prolonged from 11.82 to 18.44 h in parallel with the dose increase. The dose-normalized area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) increased, and total body clearance (Cl-T) decreased at the 1 and 2 mg/kg doses (0.05 L/h/kg) compared with the 0.5 mg/kg dose (0.08 L/h/kg). There were no differences in the volume of distribution at steady-state and initial (C-0.083h) plasma concentration values between dose groups. The decreased ClT, prolonged t(1/2 lambda z), and increased AUC at increasing doses showed the nonlinear kinetic behavior of letrozole. Letrozole significantly reduced LH concentration without affecting FSH concentration at all doses. As a result, letrozole has the potential to be used in synchronization methods and manipulation of the follicular waves due to its effect on LH secretion.Öğe Potential toxicological risks of industrial heavy metals on wildlife ecology: A review to draw attention to an important ecological region(Certex, INCDTP-ICPI, 2016) Yipel, Mustafa; Tekeli, Ibrahim OzanMany pollutants like heavy metals that are created as a result of increasing population and industrial production in parallel with the increasing population effects the ecological balance adversary with each passing day. The reflections of these developments on the wild life is higher because of their effects of life time, feeding and physiological properties. Hatay region comprises the Samandag? beach and Gulf of I?skenderun which hosts the endangered Loggerhead and Green Sea Turtles and Mediterranean seals, Amanos Mountains which are located on the migration route of many migratory birds, Amik plain which hosts Mountain gazelle and Striped hyena and many other endemic species. Because of this ecological importance, the region must be monitored periodically for the presence of pollutants beginning with industrial heavy metals and their effects on living systems and the potential toxicological risks and stress that these pollutants caused on the living systems must be determined in advance and regional protection policies must be developed. For that purpose, the regional stations must be established in the jurisdictions of the general and local governments where take the responsibility mutually that can manage the processes according to local parameters with the information and technology communion at first for information and technology communion. © 2016 Certex, INCDTP-ICPI.Öğe The protective effect of Boswellic acid and Ellagic acid loaded, colon targeted, and pH-sensitive N-succinyl chitosan in ulcerative colitis rat model(Elsevier, 2022) Yipel, Mustafa; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Altinok-Yipel, Fulya; Coskun, Pinar; Aslan, Abdullah; Guvenc, Mehmet; Beyazit, NeslihanTargeted drug delivery systems that provide therapeutic activity with lower concentrations of both herbal and other substances, while reducing access to non-target sites and undesirable effects; have an important potential for future projections in terms of pharmacological and toxicological studies. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Acetyl 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) and Ellagic acid (EA) loaded, colon targeted, and pH-Sensitive N-succinyl chitosans (NsCh) in ulcerative colitis (UC) model induced by acetic acid (AA) in rats. The physicochemical characterization (elemental analysis, FT-IR, DSC, XRD, SEM, NMR) analyses, swelling, and releasing tests of NsCh's suggested that AKBA and EA were successfully loaded to pH-sensitive polymer and targeted to the colon. The targeted AKBA and EA were administered to Wistar rats (n:30, 5 groups) and damage, inflammatory cytokine, protein expression, oxidative stress, and antioxidant parameter levels in colon tissues of the groups were determined. Increase in the levels of CAT, GPx activities, and decrease in necrosis, inflammation, and levels of MDA, TNF-alpha, COX-2, NF-kB were observed in the targeted EA and AKBA groups compared to the UC group. The potential protective effect of EA and AKBA loaded, colon-targeted, pH sensitive controlled releasing system against UC and the potential to be licensed preparations by completing the next stages of in vitro and in vivo studies were demonstrated.Öğe Protective effects of conventional and colon-targeted lycopene and linalool on ulcerative colitis induced by acetic acid in rats(Springer Basel Ag, 2019) Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Atessahin, Ahmet; Sakin, Fatih; Aslan, Abdullah; Ceribasi, Songul; Yipel, MustafaObjectiveTo compare the potential protective effects of conventional and colon-targeted lycopene (TLC) and linalool (TLN) on acetic acid (AA)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats.MethodsConventional and colon-targeted LC (10mg/kg) and LN (200mg/kg) were administered in vivo orally for 7days and sulfasalazine (100mg/kg) was also used as reference drug. Then, 4% AA was administered intrarectally to induce UC. Subsequently, the colon tissues were taken as samples for biochemical and histopathological analysis.ResultsMalondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-B) levels were decreased (p<0.05) in the targeted groups compared to the AA group, whereas nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) level was increased (p<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) level was also decreased (p<0.05) and catalase activity (CAT) was increased (p<0.05) in the TLC group compared to the AA group. IL-1 and IL-6 levels were lower in the TLC group compared to the conventional LC and sulfasalazine groups (p<0.05). COX-2 and NF-B levels were lower, while the Nrf-2 level was higher in the targeted groups compared to the conventional groups (p<0.05). Furthermore, COX-2 level was lower and Nrf-2 level was higher in the targeted groups compared to the sulfasalazine group (p<0.05).ConclusionAs expected, sulfasalazine was effective on all parameters analyzed, but the colon-targeted pretreatments were more effective from sulfasalazine on some parameters. Therefore, colon-targeted plant-derived therapies might be alternative approaches to provide protection against UC, which deserves to be investigated further.Öğe Protective Effects of Tyrosol Against DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2019) Guvenc, Mehmet; Cellat, Mustafa; Ozkan, Huseyin; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Uyar, Ahmet; Gokcek, Ishak; Isler, Cafer TayerIn this study, the effects of tyrosol were investigated in DSS-induced experimental ulcerative colitis model. For this purpose, rats were divided into five groups of seven rats in each: control group, colitis group (DSS-4%), tyrosol group (tyrosol 20 mg/kg), sulfasalazine (sulfasalazine+DSS 100 mg/kg), and treatment group (tyrosol+DSS 20 mg/kg). In the study, the active substances were administered to all animals for a period of 21 days. At the end of the study, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased (p < 0.001); GSH level (p < 0.05) along with GSH.Px (p < 0.01) and CAT (p < 0.001) activities decreased in the DSS-induced colitis group. However, with the administration of tyrosol, MDA and GSH levels along with GSH.Px and CAT activities came to the same levels as the control group. In the colitis group, an increase occurred in IL-6, COX-2, and NF-kappa B parameters, which created a significant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Similarly, TNF-alpha levels also significantly increased with the administration of DSS (p < 0.05) which created a significant difference compared to the control group, while there was no difference among the other groups. As for the Nrf-2 data, it decreased with the administration of DSS which created a significant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while there was no difference in other groups. In the colitis-induced group, IL-6, COX-2, and NF-kappa B gene expression levels also similarly increased but returned to the normal levels with the administration of tyrosol. In the histopathological scoring, the negativity that increased with the administration of DSS returned to the normal levels with the administration of tyrosol+DSS. In conclusion, according to the data obtained, tyrosol fixed the destruction picture in the DSS-induced colitis model, giving rise to thought that it has a protective effect.Öğe Protective Effects of Tyrosol Against DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Rats (vol 42, pg 1680, 2019)(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2019) Guvenc, Mehmet; Cellat, Mustafa; Ozkan, Huseyin; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Uyar, Ahmet; Gokcek, Ishak; Isler, Cafer Tayer[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Tissue distribution and correlations of heavy metals in wild birds from Southern Turkey: an ecologically important region on the west Palearctic migration route(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Yipel, Mustafa; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Altug, Muhammed EnesEven if some are essential for biological functions, the accumulation of heavy metals above tolerable physiological limits is potentially toxic to also wild animals. The present study aimed to investigate concentrations of environmentally relevant heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, and Zn) in feathers, muscle, heart, kidney, and liver tissues of wild birds (golden eagle [Aquila chrysaetos], sparrowhawk [Accipiter nisus], and white stork [Ciconia ciconia]) from Hatay province, southern Turkey. The metal concentrations of tissues were determined by a validated ICP-OES analysis method after microwave digestion. The concentration differences of metals in species/tissues and the correlations between essential/non-essential metals were determined by statistical analysis. According to the results, Fe (326.87 +/- 3.60 mg kg(-1)) had the highest, and Hg (0.09 +/- 0.00 mg kg(-1)) had the lowest mean concentration in all tissues. Compared to the literature; Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn concentrations were lower; Cd, Fe, and Mn concentrations were higher. The correlations between As and all essentials; Cd and Cu, Fe; Hg and Cu, Fe, Zn; Pb and all essentials were significantly positive. In the conclusion, while essential Cu, Fe, and Zn are below the threshold value and do not pose a risk, Mn is close to the threshold value. Therefore, periodically monitoring the pollutant concentrations in bioindicators is a key necessity for the early determination of biomagnification trends and prevention of potential toxic stress on wildlife ecology.Öğe Tyrosol prevents AlCl3 induced male reproductive damage by suppressing apoptosis and activating the Nrf-2/HO-1 pathway(Wiley, 2020) Guvenc, Mehmet; Cellat, Mustafa; Gokcek, Ishak; Arkali, Gozde; Uyar, Ahmet; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Yavas, IlkerAluminium is a ubiquitous element that occurs naturally in the soil making human exposure to it is unavoidable. Tyrosol is present in olive oil and is known to have antioxidant effects. Therefore, the present study explores the toxic effects of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) and evaluates the possible protection by tyrosol in male rats. Testicular injury was induced by the administration of AlCl3 (34 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). Rats were treated with either tyrosol (20 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) or AlCl3 (34 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). The experiment lasted for 10 weeks. Biochemical, histopathological and protein expression profiles were determined to decipher the role of tyrosol in protecting the cellular damage. Further, histomorphometric analyses of testes showed deranged architecture along with other noted abnormalities. AlCl3 group rats' testes showed decreased GSH levels, CAT activities, Nrf-2, HO-1, bcl-2 expressions and sperm motility whereas increased caspase-3 expressions, MDA levels, abnormal and dead/live sperm ratio. However, tyrosol treatment attenuated these changes. The present results demonstrate the beneficial role of tyrosol treatment in AlCl3 induced testicular toxicity alterations of rat.
