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    The evaluation of the therapeutic potential of hesperetin on diethylnitrosamine and phenobarbital induced liver injury in rats
    (Ankara Univ, 2022) Kisacam, Mehmet Ali; Kocamuftuoglu, Gonca Ozan; Tektemur, Nalan Kaya; Ozan, Penbe Sema Temizer
    Nitrite and amine reactions can occur rapidly and produce nitrosamines, in-vivo. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and phenobarbital (PB) are readily inducing liver injury and hesperetin (HES), as a flavonoid found in citrus fruits, have the potential to compensate for their harmful effects. In this study, the therapeutic effects of HES were evaluated in DEN and PB mediated liver defect. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were split into 5 groups (n=10): Control, DEN, DEN+PB, HES, and DEN+PB+HES. 150 mg/kg DEN was applied intraperitoneally to DEN groups. Fifteen days after the DEN application 500ppm of PB was given in drinking water. HES were administered at 50 mg/kg dose orally for 8 weeks. Blood and liver malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) levels, and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured spectrophotometrically. Moreover, histologic examination of liver sections and apoptosis were determined with hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL methods, respectively. DEN-PB application was found to increase blood and liver MDA levels and liver CAT activity, oppositely, decreased blood and liver SOD activity, GSH levels, and blood CAT activity. HES was found to have a positive impact on oxidative stress parameters by decreasing liver and blood MDA activity, increasing blood CAT and SOD activity together with liver GSH levels and SOD activity. Whereas DEN and PB application increased all histopathological findings and TUNEL positive cells, HES administration decreased these findings which might be important for the protection of liver cell structure from cell damage. These results suggest that HES administration could be an alternative therapeutic approach to liver damage.
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    Oleuropein reduces the oxidative effects of tobacco smoke in rats’ liver and kidney
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Kocamuftuoglu, Gonca Ozan; Kisacam, Mehmet Ali; Tektemur, Nalan Kaya; Yilmaz, Osman Fatih; Ozan, Ibrahim Enver; Ozan, Sema Temizer; Bircan, Filiz Sezen
    Tobacco smoke contains free radicals, which can potentiate the initiation and promotion of oxidative damage. Nitric oxide (NO) is easily converted into nitric oxide radicals found in tobacco smoke. Nitric oxide synthase and arginase, which might participate in oxidative stress, are two rival enzymes using the same substrate. Oleuropein (OLE) is the main phenolic compound found in olive leaves and has important antioxidant properties. In this study, potential protective effects of OLE on tobacco, smoke-exposed rats were evaluated. Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: Control, Tobacco smoke, Tobacco smoke + OLE. The rats in tobacco smoke and tobacco smoke + OLE were exposed to tobacco smoke in a glass chamber for 1 h every other day for 12 weeks. Tobacco smoke + OLE were received 10 mg/kg OLE for the last 4 weeks by oral gavage. After 12 weeks, rats were decapitated; kidney and liver tissues were taken. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), NO levels together with catalase (CAT) and arginase activity were measured. MDA levels increased in the liver and kidney, while CAT activity and GSH levels decreased in tobacco smoke group. OLE administration decreased MDA levels while increasing CAT activity and GSH levels. NO levels increased in the liver following tobacco smoke, yet, OLE did not change NO significantly. Furthermore, kidney NO levels increased following tobacco smoke and OLE decreased this level. Tobacco smoke did not change kidney arginase levels while OLE decreased this activity. Our results showed that OLE could be beneficial in reducing the negative impact of tobacco smoke on both the liver and kidney. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.