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Öğe Adana ili ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) ekim alanlarında bulunan yabancı otların yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi(Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2019) Özkil, Mine; Torun, Hilmi; Eymirli, Serdar; Üremiş, İlhan; Tursun, NihatAmaç: Bu çalışmada Adana’nın Yüreğir, Aladağ, Ceyhan, İmamoğlu, Yumurtalık, Karaisalı, Kozan, Sarıçam, Seyhan, Çukurova ilçelerindeki ayçiçeği alanlarındaki önemli yabancı ot türlerinin yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi araştırılmıştır. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Ayçiçeği tarlalarındaki yabancı otların yoğunlukları (adet/m2 ), rastlama sıklıkları (%), özel kaplama alanları (%) ve genel kaplama alanları (%) bulunmuştur. Surveyler 2017 yılında iki farklı ayçiçeği gelişim döneminde (4-8 yaprak ve çiçeklenme dönemi) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Survey çıkışlarının tamamında en yüksek rastlama sıklığına sahip yabancı otlar olarak; Convolvulus arvensis, Chenopodium album ve Sinapis arvensis saptanmıştır. İlk survey döneminde yabancı ot yoğunlukları incelendiğinde C. album (6.76 adet/m2 ) en önemli tür olup, bunu Heliotropium europaeum (3.75 adet/m2 ) ve C. arvensis (3.05 adet/m2 ) takip etmiştir. İkinci survey döneminde ise C. album (5.13 adet/m2 ), C. vulvaria (2.42 adet/m2 ) ve Cyperus rotundus (1.98 adet/m2 ) ilk üç sırada yer almıştır. Genel kaplama alanlarında C. arvensis (% 6.89) ve C. album (% 13.57)’un en yaygın türler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özel kaplama alanlarına göre en önemli yabancı ot türleri; ilk surveyde S. arvensis (% 24.62), ikinci surveyde ise Cuscuta campestris (% 56.95) olmuştur. Genel Yorum: Survey çıkışlarının tamamında en yüksek rastlama sıklığına sahip yabancı otlar olarak; Convolvulus arvensis, Chenopodium album ve Sinapis arvensis saptanmıştır. Yabancı ot yoğunluğu olarak ise, ilk survey döneminde en yüksek yoğunluk değerine sırasıyla C. album, Heliotropium europaeum ve C. arvensis türlerinin sahip olduğu belirlenirken, ikinci survey döneminde sırasıyla C. album, C. vulvaria ve Cyperus rotundus türlerinin sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Araştırma sonucunda belirlenen yabancı ot türleri ile mücadele imkanlarının araştırılması sağlanarak tarımın sürdürülebilirliğine yarar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.Öğe Critical Period for Weed control in Sunflower and Effects of Applications on Weed Species and Diversity(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Ozkil, Mine; Torun, Hilmi; Eymirli, Serdar; Uremis, Ilhan; Karaman, Yucel; Tursun, NihatThis study was carried out under field conditions in Adana, Turkey in 2018 and 2019 to determine the critical period for weed control in sunflower depending on the daily growth temperature (GDD) and weed species. A log-logistic model with four parameters was used to determine the relationship between relative crop yield and both increased weed intervention time and length of weed-free periods. In addition, dominant weeds and weed densities were determined in the experimental area. Data obtained from different periods of weed intervention were compared with data obtained from seasonal weed-free plots. During the sunflower growing season, 37.4% - 41.04% yield loss was determined in sunflower due to weed competition. For 5% acceptable yield loss in the first year, the critical period in weed control was determined as 243-1181 GDD; this is 24-86 days after the crop emergence (DAE). It was found between 269 and 1409 GDD (16-72 DAE) in the second year. In sunflower, it was determined that the removal of weeds from the plot in the weed-free period started within 2-3 weeks from the emergence and continued for 10-12 weeks. These findings may help sunflower growers to plan and implement cost-effective and appropriate weed control programs.Öğe The effect of hoeing time for weed management on yield and yield criteria of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)(2021) Torun, Hilmi; Özkil, Mine; Eymirli, Serdar; Üremiş, İlhan; Tursun, NihatHoeing time is important in weed management and is effective to reduce weed populations in sunflower cultivation. The study was conducted between 2018-2019 to determine the hoeing times for mechanical weed control in sunflower in Adana province of Turkey. To determine weed control time in experimental fields, weeds were allowed to germinate in natural conditions at intervals between 15 days for mechanical hoeing at the emergence of sunflower to the harvest time. The interactions between weeds and sunflower yield criteria were observed by periodic hoeing treatments. At the end of the experiments, the criteria for sunflower yield, seed yield, oil content, oil quality, head diameter, plant height, weed biomass, and coverages of hoeing time effects were determined. Combining the two-year data, it was observed that the sunflower yield and seed yield were the highest in plots of 75 and 90 days weed-free, while the lowest yield and seed yield were observed in 60, 75, and 90 days weedy. It was determined that the sunflower oil yield was higher in plots of long hoeing period time, but the oil quality did not change. It was found that sunflower height were statistically similar for each year in different hoeing period times, moreover, sunflower head diameter was not affected. In weedy plots with shorter hoeing times, higher weed biomass due to increased weed coverage was noted. As a result, it was determined that long-term hoeing in sunflower weed management increases the yield, and hoeing time is significant in sunflower weed management.Öğe Weed species in banana (Musa spp.) production systems in Turkiye(Soc Brasileira Ciencia Plantas Daninhas-Sbcpd, 2023) Torun, Hilmi; Ozkil, Mine; Uremis, Ilhan; Uyar, Sevgi; Uludag, AhmetBackground: Banana (Musa spp.) cultivation, has a centaury history in open fields in Mediterranean part of Turkiye has become enlarged for three decades due to benefits of covered production. Objective: Weed species, their frequencies, distributions and reasons under current techniques and geographical attributes in banana fields and greenhouses were determined to provide data to develop strategies and systems for sustainable weed management and cultivation of banana. Methods: Weeds and their coverage and densities were determined in banana fields and greenhouses surveying 2% of banana production acreage in 2021-2022. Results: 68 different species of 25 families were recorded. The most common weed species were Cardamine occulta, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Conyza canadensis, and Oxalis corniculata. The number of weeds, their coverage and densities in individual fields were not affected significantly by production method (open-field vs greenhouse) or banana cultivars but location. Years and field size affected the number of weed species while homogeneity and cycles affected weed coverage and density. Dominant species in greenhouses were C. occulta, Pilea microphylla, O. corniculata, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria verticillata, and A. retroflexus but Cyperus rotundus, S. verticillata, O. corniculata, and P. oleracea in open fields. C. occulta and Pilea microphylla were recorded first time in Turkiye. Conclusions: The most common species and dominant species in fields are mainly aliens including both neophytes and archeophytes. Greenhouses and production techniques might have effect on weed problem. There are needs for further research on banana weeds including their controls to establish better strategies and control systems in banana management.Öğe Weed species in banana (Musa spp.) production systems in Türkiye(Sociedade Brasileira da Ciencia das Plantas Daninha, 2023) Torun, Hilmi; Özkil, Mine; Üremiş, İlhan; Uyar, Sevgi; Uludağ, AhmetBackground: Banana (Musa spp.) cultivation, has a centaury history in open fields in Mediterranean part of Türkiye has become enlarged for three decades due to benefits of covered production. Objective: Weed species, their frequencies, distributions and reasons under current techniques and geographical attributes in banana fields and greenhouses were determined to provide data to develop strategies and systems for sustainable weed management and cultivation of banana. Methods: Weeds and their coverage and densities were determined in banana fields and greenhouses surveying 2% of banana production acreage in 2021–2022. Results: 68 different species of 25 families were recorded. The most common weed species were Cardamine occulta, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Conyza canadensis, and Oxalis corniculata. The number of weeds, their coverage and densities in individual fields were not affected significantly by production method (open-field vs greenhouse) or banana cultivars but location. Years and field size affected the number of weed species while homogeneity and cycles affected weed coverage and density. Dominant species in greenhouses were C. occulta, Pilea microphylla, O. corniculata, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria verticillata, and A. retroflexus but Cyperus rotundus, S. verticillata, O. corniculata, and P. oleracea in open fields. C. occulta and Pilea microphylla were recorded first time in Türkiye. Conclusions: The most common species and dominant species in fields are mainly aliens including both neophytes and archeophytes. Greenhouses and production techniques might have effect on weed problem. There are needs for further research on banana weeds including their controls to establish better strategies and control systems in banana management. © 2023, Sociedade Brasileira da Ciencia das Plantas Daninha. All rights reserved.
