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Öğe Challenges of sustainable tourism development in the developing world: the case of Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2001) Tosun, CThis article presents an analysis of the challenges to sustainable tourism development in developing countries with special references to Turkey as a part of the developing world. It was found that the factors that have emerged as challenges to sustainable tourism development related to priorities of national economic policy, the structure of public administration, an emergence of environmental issues, over commercialisation, and the structure of international tourism system. It concludes that although the principles of sustainable tourism development are beneficial, their implementation is an enormously difficult task to achieve and owing to the prevailing socio-economic and political conditions in the developing world. Hence, any operation of principles of sustainable tourism development necessitates hard political and economic choices, and decisions based upon complex socio-economic and environmental trade-offs. Moreover, it states that implementation of these hard decisions may not be possible unless international organisations encourage and collaborate with governments of developing countries to implement the principles of sustainable tourism development. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Expected nature of community participation in tourism development(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2006) Tosun, CThe main objective of this study is to examine nature of community participation expected by various interest groups with special references to a local destination in Turkey. A conceptual framework was developed by examining typologies of community participation. Under the guidance of this conceptual framework, a field research was designed and applied in a case study approach. It was found that different interest groups expected different types of community participation to achieve their own aims that may conflict with each other. This study also showed that expected nature of community participation by interest groups varies from rion-participation to one forms of the spontaneous participation. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Host perceptions of impacts - A comparative tourism study(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2002) Tosun, CThis study investigates resident perceptions of tourism impacts on a Turkish town in absolute and relative terms and draws implications for marketing and destination management from the results. Personal interviews were conducted with household heads and results compared with Fijian and American case studies. Comparative figures suggest that the Turkish residents were generally less supportive of the tourism industry and had fewer positive perceptions of its impacts when compared to the other two cases, It is suggested that a participatory model be implemented to integrate tourism into the local development in the Turkish town.Öğe Roots of unsustainable tourism development at the local level: the case of Urgup in Turkey(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 1998) Tosun, CThe main aim of this article is to investigate and explain the roots of unsustainable tourism development at the local level in a developing country, with special reference to Urgup in the region of Cappadocia, Turkey. It was found that the factors that ushered in unsustainable tourism development are beyond the control of local people and authorities. They are largely related to issues at the national level such as the policy of political economy, prevailing national planning approaches applied to tourism, patron-client relationships between decision-makers and related business class alongside the role of international tour operators in the international tourism system. It concludes that achieving sustainable tourism development at the local level in a developing country requires hard political choices, a confident decision-making process and the collaboration of international tour operators and donor agencies. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Stages in the emergence of a participatory tourism development approach in the Developing World(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2005) Tosun, CThis study has attempted to examine and explain the stages in the emergence of the participatory tourism development approach under prevailing socio-economic, cultural and political conditions in developing countries without ignoring rural, peripheral areas of the developed world. It identifies three stages. These are: (1) the emergence of the pressures from external and internal factors on the central government to accept, support and facilitate the implementation of a participatory development approach, (2) the emergence of political will at central level, and (3) enacting legal measurements, re-structuring administrative systems at operational level and the actual community consultation or participation process. These stages are explored and elaborated under the guidance of three propositions. It concludes that political will at central level, enacting relevant legal measurements, empowering local communities and cooperation of dominant elite groups are sine qua non for the emergence and operationalization of the participatory tourism development approach as a pro-active tourism development strategy in a given developing country. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Tourists' perceptions of the Canada-USA border as a barrier to tourism at the International Peace Garden(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2003) Timothy, DJ; Tosun, CThis paper examines the role of international boundaries as perceived barriers to tourism. Borders that divide similar cultural groups and where few safety issues exist are the focus of this study. Qualitative data were gathered from visitors at the International Peace Garden on the USA-Canada boundary, and interviews were conducted with administrators and border officials to see whether or not this frontier is perceived to be a barrier to tourism and if so to understand the nature of its barrier functions. For most tourists, the Canada-USA border does not function as a major barrier to travel. However, for a small cohort it does, and the crossing formalities, border officials, and lack of information work together to create a subjective hindrance to travel at a place where good international relations otherwise exist. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
