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Öğe Adana ili ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.) ekim alanlarında bulunan yabancı otların yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi(Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2019) Özkil, Mine; Torun, Hilmi; Eymirli, Serdar; Üremiş, İlhan; Tursun, NihatAmaç: Bu çalışmada Adana’nın Yüreğir, Aladağ, Ceyhan, İmamoğlu, Yumurtalık, Karaisalı, Kozan, Sarıçam, Seyhan, Çukurova ilçelerindeki ayçiçeği alanlarındaki önemli yabancı ot türlerinin yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi araştırılmıştır. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Ayçiçeği tarlalarındaki yabancı otların yoğunlukları (adet/m2 ), rastlama sıklıkları (%), özel kaplama alanları (%) ve genel kaplama alanları (%) bulunmuştur. Surveyler 2017 yılında iki farklı ayçiçeği gelişim döneminde (4-8 yaprak ve çiçeklenme dönemi) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Survey çıkışlarının tamamında en yüksek rastlama sıklığına sahip yabancı otlar olarak; Convolvulus arvensis, Chenopodium album ve Sinapis arvensis saptanmıştır. İlk survey döneminde yabancı ot yoğunlukları incelendiğinde C. album (6.76 adet/m2 ) en önemli tür olup, bunu Heliotropium europaeum (3.75 adet/m2 ) ve C. arvensis (3.05 adet/m2 ) takip etmiştir. İkinci survey döneminde ise C. album (5.13 adet/m2 ), C. vulvaria (2.42 adet/m2 ) ve Cyperus rotundus (1.98 adet/m2 ) ilk üç sırada yer almıştır. Genel kaplama alanlarında C. arvensis (% 6.89) ve C. album (% 13.57)’un en yaygın türler olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Özel kaplama alanlarına göre en önemli yabancı ot türleri; ilk surveyde S. arvensis (% 24.62), ikinci surveyde ise Cuscuta campestris (% 56.95) olmuştur. Genel Yorum: Survey çıkışlarının tamamında en yüksek rastlama sıklığına sahip yabancı otlar olarak; Convolvulus arvensis, Chenopodium album ve Sinapis arvensis saptanmıştır. Yabancı ot yoğunluğu olarak ise, ilk survey döneminde en yüksek yoğunluk değerine sırasıyla C. album, Heliotropium europaeum ve C. arvensis türlerinin sahip olduğu belirlenirken, ikinci survey döneminde sırasıyla C. album, C. vulvaria ve Cyperus rotundus türlerinin sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Araştırma sonucunda belirlenen yabancı ot türleri ile mücadele imkanlarının araştırılması sağlanarak tarımın sürdürülebilirliğine yarar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.Öğe Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activities of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Origanum Hybrids Grown in Different Global Climate Scenarios on Seed Germination of Amaranthus palmeri(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Yasar, Ayse; Karaman, Yucel; Gokbulut, Incilay; Tursun, Ayse Ozlem; Tursun, Nihat; Uremis, Ilhan; Arslan, MehmetThe present study aimed to investigate the changes in the essential oil contents of some Origanum hybrids grown at different carbon dioxide (400 and 800 ppm) levels in a fully automated carbon dioxide greenhouse. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was found that, among the Origanum hybrids, there were differences between the essential oil contents of those grown under natural conditions and controlled greenhouse conditions. While an increase in carbon dioxide level significantly increased the thymol and carvacrol components, which are among important monoterpene components, of Origanum syriacum x O. onites and O. syriacum x O. vulgare hybrids, whereas it led to a decrease in O. syriacum x O. majorona hybrid. To determine the effects on germination of Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson seeds under laboratory conditions, the essential oils were used at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mu l/petri doses. The most effective doses of essential oils for preventing the germination of A. palmeri seed were found to be 2 and 4 mu l/petri. In preventing the germination of seeds, the most effective (100 %) application for all the essential oils was achieved with O. syriacum x O. onites hybrid grown at 800 ppm. These results show that the CO2 increases that may occur as a result of climate change in the next years may lead to changes in the content of essential oils in Origanum hybrids and may have the potential to be used as bio-herbicidal to prevent the germination of A palmeri.Öğe Critical Period for Weed control in Sunflower and Effects of Applications on Weed Species and Diversity(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Ozkil, Mine; Torun, Hilmi; Eymirli, Serdar; Uremis, Ilhan; Karaman, Yucel; Tursun, NihatThis study was carried out under field conditions in Adana, Turkey in 2018 and 2019 to determine the critical period for weed control in sunflower depending on the daily growth temperature (GDD) and weed species. A log-logistic model with four parameters was used to determine the relationship between relative crop yield and both increased weed intervention time and length of weed-free periods. In addition, dominant weeds and weed densities were determined in the experimental area. Data obtained from different periods of weed intervention were compared with data obtained from seasonal weed-free plots. During the sunflower growing season, 37.4% - 41.04% yield loss was determined in sunflower due to weed competition. For 5% acceptable yield loss in the first year, the critical period in weed control was determined as 243-1181 GDD; this is 24-86 days after the crop emergence (DAE). It was found between 269 and 1409 GDD (16-72 DAE) in the second year. In sunflower, it was determined that the removal of weeds from the plot in the weed-free period started within 2-3 weeks from the emergence and continued for 10-12 weeks. These findings may help sunflower growers to plan and implement cost-effective and appropriate weed control programs.Öğe The effect of hoeing time for weed management on yield and yield criteria of sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.)(2021) Torun, Hilmi; Özkil, Mine; Eymirli, Serdar; Üremiş, İlhan; Tursun, NihatHoeing time is important in weed management and is effective to reduce weed populations in sunflower cultivation. The study was conducted between 2018-2019 to determine the hoeing times for mechanical weed control in sunflower in Adana province of Turkey. To determine weed control time in experimental fields, weeds were allowed to germinate in natural conditions at intervals between 15 days for mechanical hoeing at the emergence of sunflower to the harvest time. The interactions between weeds and sunflower yield criteria were observed by periodic hoeing treatments. At the end of the experiments, the criteria for sunflower yield, seed yield, oil content, oil quality, head diameter, plant height, weed biomass, and coverages of hoeing time effects were determined. Combining the two-year data, it was observed that the sunflower yield and seed yield were the highest in plots of 75 and 90 days weed-free, while the lowest yield and seed yield were observed in 60, 75, and 90 days weedy. It was determined that the sunflower oil yield was higher in plots of long hoeing period time, but the oil quality did not change. It was found that sunflower height were statistically similar for each year in different hoeing period times, moreover, sunflower head diameter was not affected. In weedy plots with shorter hoeing times, higher weed biomass due to increased weed coverage was noted. As a result, it was determined that long-term hoeing in sunflower weed management increases the yield, and hoeing time is significant in sunflower weed management.
