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    Detection of Hop Stunt Viroid in Sweet and Sour Cherry Trees in Turkey by RT-PCR
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2008) Gazel, M.; Ulubas, C.; Caglayan, K.
    During a survey of the phytosanitary status of sweet (Prunus avium L.) and sour (P. cerasus L.) cherry trees for viroid diseases in Turkey, 127 plant samples were collected from 36 orchards including cultivar collections of mother blocks and commercial grown trees. All samples were tested for the presence of Hop stunt viroid (HSVd) using RT-PCR methods. Total nucleic acids were extracted from about 500 mg leaf tissue of each sample according to Astrue et al. (1996). As a result of RTPCR tests, HSVd infection was detected in 21 samples. Of the 21 HSVd infected trees, 16 were sweet cherries (13.8% infection rate) and 5 were sour cherries (45.5% infection rate). The presence of HSVd infections in sweet and sour cherry trees represents a serious threat to the stone fruit industry of the country. Considering reported yield losses, it would be desirable to evaluate the impact of RSVd-infection on stone fruit production. This paper is the first report of HSVd in sweet and sour cherry in Turkey.
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    Phytosanitary Status of Cherry Trees in the East Mediterranean Region of Turkey
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2008) Caglayan, K.; Gazel, M.; Ulubas, C.
    Surveys have been conducted in sweet (Prunus avium L.) and sour (P. cerasus L.) cherry orchards during early spring and autumn between the years of 2000-2003 in the East Mediterranean province of Turkey. A total of 240 sweet and 73 sour cherry samples having virus-like symptoms were collected from both commercial orchards and cultivar collections. All samples were tested for the presence of Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Plum pox virus (PPV) and European stone fruit yellows phytoplasmas (ESFY). ELISA and RT-PCR tests showed that PDV was very common (10.8%) in sweet cherry trees, but no infections were found in sour cherry. PNRSV also was detected only on sweet cherries (3.8%). According to ELISA results, only one sweet cherry was found infected by PPV, but it was not confirmed by RT-PCR methods. Phytoplasma-like symptoms were observed symptomatically, but the results of RT-PCR tests were negative.
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    Viral Diseases Diagnosed by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR of Sour and Sweet Cherry Trees from Different Provinces of Turkey
    (Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2008) Ulubas, C.
    Field inspections and sample collections were carried out in commercial orchards and mother blocks, which are also cultivar collections belonging to the Ministry of Agriculture of Turkey, during early spring in 2000 and 2001. Samples (shoots with leaves) were collected from symptomatic plants in the orchards of Afyon, Ankara, Amasya, Burdur, Canakkale Isparta, Izmir, Tokat and Yalova provinces. A total of 240 sour and sweet cherry samples were tested for the presence of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Plum pox virus (PPV) and Prunus necrotic rinA, spot virus (PNRSV) by using RT-PCR and tested by DAS-ELISA for Prune dwarf virus (PDV). The results revealed that 31.7% of all samples were infected with one or more viruses. The most common virus was PDV with an infection rate of 25.0%. PDV was followed by ACLSV and PNRSV with infection rates of 6.7% and 3.7%, respectively. Mixed infections of PDV+PNRSV (3 samples) and PDV+ACLSV (6 samples) also were detected. No infections with PPV were determined from the sour and sweet cherry samples collected from all provinces except Tokat, which was not tested for that virus.