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    Aluminum Toxicity: A Case Study on Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
    (Tech Science Press, 2023) Ozturk, Munir; Metin, Mert; Altay, Volkan; Kawano, Tomonori; Gul, Alvina; Unal, Bengu Turkyilmaz; Unal, Dilek
    Aluminum is an abundant metal in the earth's crust that turns out to be toxic in acidic environments. Many plants are affected by the presence of aluminum at the whole plant level, at the organ level, and at the cellular level. Tobacco as a cash crop (Nicotiana tabacum L.) is a widely cultivated plant worldwide and is also a good model organism for research. Although there are many articles on Al-phytotoxicity in the literature, reviews on a single species that are economically and scientifically important are limited. In this article, we not only provide the biology associated with tobacco Al-toxicity, but also some essential information regarding the effects of this metal on other plant species (even animals). This review provides information on aluminum localization and uptake process by different staining techniques, as well as the effects of its toxicity at different compartment levels and the physiological consequences derived from them. In addition, molecular studies in recent years have reported specific responses to Al toxicity, such as overexpression of various protective proteins. Besides, this review discusses data on various organelle-based responses, cell death, and other mechanisms, data on tobacco plants and other kingdoms relevant to these studies.
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    Bioremediation of Cadmium and Nickel from a Saline Aquatic Environment Using Ceratophyllum demersum
    (Chiang Mai Univ, Fac Science, 2022) Parnian, Amir; Chorom, Mostafa; Jaafarzadeh, Neemat; Anosheh, Hadi Pirasteh; Ozturk, Munir; Unal, Dilek; Yilmaz, Dilek Demirezen
    In this study, effect of salinity on growth was examined together with cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) accumulation capacity of coontail a free-floating hydrophyte (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) under controlled conditions. Different saline waters (EC = 2.8, 5.5 and 9.5 dS m(-1)) were made with the base of farm drainage water (EC = 13.2 dS m(-1)). A total of four concentrations of Ni(NO3)(2) and CdCl2 (0, 1, 2, 4 mg L-1) were added to these. The results showed that there was a decrease in the growth rate as the water salinity level increased. The biomass production was also inhibited with the increase in salinity. At 9.5 dS m(-1) salinity level growth rate was the lowest (0.81 +/- 0.05 g FW d(-1)) among the treatments. This decrease was accelerated by metal contaminations. High salinity levels decreased the removal of nickel. Highest removal was recorded as R= 86% (Ni = 1 mg L-1, EC = 5.5 dS m(-1)). The lowest cadmium removal was observed as R = 35% (Cd = 4 mg L-1, EC = 2.8 dS m(-1)) in the lowest salinity medium. In general, phytoremediation efficiency of coontail decreased with enhancing nickel concentrations, but increased when cadmium concentration increased. An increase in the salinity levels of water lead towards a parallel increase in the removal efficiency of coontail. It was concluded that this floating hydrophyte has a good potential for phytoremediation of cadmium and nickel from a saline aquatic environment.
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    Distance from skin to epiglottis measurement with ultrasonography as a predictor of difficult laryngoscopy: A diagnostic test accuracy meta-analysis
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Hazir, Melis Sumak; Unal, Dilek; Ambarcioglu, Pinar
    Background: The studies investigating distance from the skin to epiglottis measurements by ultrasonography (USDSEM) for prediction of difficult laryngoscopy are inconclusive and non-standardised. Aim: We aimed to assess the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of US-DSEM relative to Cormack Lehane 3-4 for diagnosing difficult laryngoscopy using a meta-analysis method. Method: Strict inclusion criteria were used to provide clear definition of how to measure US-DSEM. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase and Google Scholar were searched for papers published between January 2005 and March 2021 to perform a systematic review and DTA meta-analysis. Publications reporting data on US-DSEM in difficult laryngoscopy prediction in adults with normal airway were included. Exclusions were obese or pregnant patients and patients with difficult airway predictors and those in which the measurements were made in a position other than supine and neutral positions. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative likelihood ratios (PLR/NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the hierarchic summary receiver operating characteristics curve (AU-HSROC) were determined. Results: 1244 patients from nine studies were included. Pooled sensitivity: 0.68 (95%CI 0.39-0.87), specificity: 0.76 (95%CI 0.68-0.83), PLR: 2.87 (95%CI 2.20-3.73), NLR: 0.42 (%95CI 0.20-0.87), DOR: 6.80 (95%CI 2.72-17.3), and AU-HSROC: 0.79 (0.75-0.82) were the results. No threshold effect (r = 0.53, p = 0.137) and publication bias (p = 0.540) existed. Conclusion: This meta-analysis showed that US-DSEM measured with linear probe placed transversely at the thyrohyoid membrane level with midline approach and neutral head position is accurate and has diagnostic value in predicting difficult laryngoscopy. However, its sensitivity and specificity are not sufficient to replace clinical tests.