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Öğe Allelopathic Potential of Rapeseed Cultivars on Germination and Seedling Growth of Weeds(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Uremis, I.; Arslan, M.; Sangun, M. K.; Uygur, V.; Isler, N.Allelopathic suppression of weeds is receiving greater attention as a possible alternative for weed management. Rapeseed (Brassica napus L., var. oleifera) contains allelochemicals that inhibits germination and growth of weed species. Allelopathic potential of 25 rapeseed cultivars on the seed germination, shoot and root growth of Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed). Solanum nigrum L. (black nightshade), Portulaca oleracea L. (common purslane), Physalis angulata L. (cutleaf, ground cherry) and Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. (junglerice) were investigated with shoot and root extracts. All rapeseed cultivars examined inhibited seed germination, shoot and root growth of tested weed species. However, inhibition rates significantly varied among rapeseed cultivars. Significant reductions in seed germination, shoot and root growths were observed as the extract concentration increased. Extracts from both above and below ground parts of rapeseed had inhibitory effect on the tested weed species, but shoot extracts had slightly higher inhibition rates than that of root extracts. Root exudates had also inhibited germination of the tested weed species, but inhibitory effects are not as high as shoot and root extracts. Relative to the germination inhibition of weed seeds, the rapeseed cultivars were categorized as having highly, moderately and low allelopathic potential. Cultivar Westar was found to be highly allelopathic while cultivars Jumbuck, Tobin, Lisoune and Galant were found to be less allelopathic on the tested weed species. Rapeseed cultivars differed in isothiocyanate benzyl and isothiocyanate allyl. Cultivars containing higher level of isothiocyanate benzyl and isothiocyanate allyl had stronger allelopathic capacity. The result of this study showed that a great deal of success could be obtained by incorporation of highly allelopathic rapeseed cultivars into crop rotations to control weeds.Öğe Allelopathy studies in weed science in Turkey - a review(Springer Heidelberg, 2006) Uludag, A.; Uremis, I.; Arslan, M.; Gozcu, D.Allelopathy involves both inhibitory and stimulatory biochemical interactions between plants. The phenomenon has received great attention since the 1980's all over the world; however, in Turkey, research on allelopathy just started in the late 1980's. Studies have been done with many crops, trees, shrubs and weeds under both laboratory and field conditions to determine their allelopathic potential and its use for weed control. Crops belonging to the Brassica family are the most studied species for allelopathic potential to control weeds. Among the Brassica species, garden radish (Raphanus sativus) has been most studied to control johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Allelopathic activity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) also received some attention. The role of allelopathy in weed interference on crop production was also studied. In conclusion, allelopathy studies should parallel with contemporary studies such as ecological and chemical studies, and an integrated approach should be adopted to fully utilize the applicability of allelopathic plant species to control problem weeds.Öğe Economic impact of johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense [L.] Pers.) in cotton production in Turkey(Springer Heidelberg, 2008) Gunes, E.; Uludag, A.; Uremis, I.Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) is a perennial weed originating from the Mediterranean. it is classified as an invasive species in some countries. It is an important weed in cotton production, which is among the foremost crops of Turkey. It is estimated that 61% of cotton production areas are infested with johnsongrass. The crop loss at average infestation levels varies from 13% to 54% depending on the region. If johnsongrass was not controlled, 38% of current cotton production would be lost. The impact of control of johnsongrass in cotton is 165 million Euro in Turkey.Öğe EFFECTS OF SAGE LEAFHOPPER FEEDING DAMAGE ON HERBAGE COLOUR, ESSENTIAL OIL CONTENT AND COMPOSITIONS OF TURKISH AND GREEK OREGANO(Cambridge Univ Press, 2012) Arslan, M.; Uremis, I.; Demirel, N.Turkish (Origanum onites L.) and Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L., ssp. hirtum (Link.) Ietswaart) species were investigated to determine herbage colour, essential oil content and composition changes due to sage leafhopper (Eupteryx melissae) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) infestation. Sage leafhopper population on both Turkish and Greek oregano did not significantly vary. The sage leafhopper damage was more severe in the lower part of the canopy than the middle and upper parts. Extensive sage leafhopper feeding dramatically reduced essential oil contents, resulting in 28.8 and 34.8% reductions for Greek and Turkish oregano, respectively. Carvacrol, the major essential oil component of both oregano species, did not remarkably vary between leafhopper infested and non-infested plants. With respect to herbage colour, the brightness, redness and yellowness values were significantly different between infested and non-infested plants. Sage leafhopper damage increased brightness and yellowness but decreased greenness of the oregano herbage. To avoid the feeding damage, it is essential to detect the sage leafhopper problem as early as possible and certain control practices are necessary when the infestation is high.Öğe Effects of Some Weed Control Methods on Stigma in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Cultivation(Tarbiat Modares Univ, 2023) Asil, H.; Tasgin, S.; Celik, M.; Uremis, I.Saffron is an important medicine, spice, dye, and cosmetic plant, and weeds limit its production and increase the related costs of management. This study aimed to determine effective control methods against weeds in saffron cultivation and find the effects of weed control on crown development, stigma yield, and daughter corm yield and quality. The study was established in the production periods of 2019-2021, at Hatay Olive Research Institute, Hassa Station, Turkey, based on completely randomized blocks design with 14 treatments and 3 replications. Results indicated that the highest effect (100%) on weeds was recorded for U5 (pine sawdust+benfluralin) and U6 (textile mulch) applications and the lowest effect was obtained from U13 (2,4-D amine) application at the first and second year of the study. The best quality criteria of saffron were achieved in U6 and U4 (pine sawdust) applications for corm production, and U6, U5, and U4 applications for quality daughter corm production.Öğe First Report of a Root Rot Caused by Phytophthora palmivora on Lavandula angustifolia in Turkey(Amer Phytopathological Soc, 2011) Dervis, S.; Arslan, M.; Serce, C. U.; Soylu, Soner; Uremis, I.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe FIRST REPORT OF CHARCOAL ROT CAUSED BY MACROPHOMINA PHASEOLINA ON MEDITERRANEAN SAGE IN TURKEY(Springer, 2009) Soylu, Soner; Uremis, I.; Arslan, M.[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Herbicidal Activity of Essential Oils on the Germination of Some Problem Weeds(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Uremis, I.; Arslan, M.; Sangun, M. K.The herbicidal activities of volatile compounds of plant origin (sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum L.; common sage, Salvia officinalis L.; English lavender, Lavandula angustifolia Mill.; lemon balm, Melissa officinalis L. and common thyme i.e., Thymus vulgaris) were studied against 3 weeds (common cocklebur, Xanthium strumarium L.; sterile wild oat, Avena sterilis L and short spiked canarygrass, Phalaris brachystachys L.) in laboratory experiments. Chemical composition of the essential oils were determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC/MS, The essential oil composition varied with the species. Thymol, geranial and beta-thujone were the main constituent of T vulgaris, M. officinalis and S. officinalis oils, respectively. Linalool was the main constituent of O. basilicum and L. angustifolia oils. Each essential oil was applied at the concentrations, of 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mu L on the filter paper at the top of the Petri dishes to determine germination and growth. bioassays. Inhibition rate of essential oils increased with the increasing concentrations. Essential oils of T vulgaris had the highest inhibitory effect on the germination of X. strumarium and A. sterilis, on the other hand essential oil of O. basilicum had the highest inhibitory effects on the germination of P brachystachys. Each essential oil suppressed seedling and root growth of the tested weeds. Essential oil of O. basilicum, S. officinalis, L angustifolia, M. officinalis and T vulgaris could be used as alternatives of herbicides to suppress germination of X. strumarium, A. sterilis and Phalaris brachystachys seeds in organic farming systems.Öğe Insecticidal Effects of Some Essential Oils Against the Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium confusum du Val) (Col.: Tenebrinoidea) in Stored Wheat(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Sener, O.; Arslan, M.; Demirel, N.; Uremis, I.The essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and oregano (Origanum syriacum L.) have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their insecticidal properties against the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in stored wheat. The essential oil composition varied with the species. The main constituent of oregano, common thyme, common sage and rosemary oils were gamma-terpinene, p-cymene, beta-thujone and 1,8-cineole, respectively. Each essential oil was applied at the concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mu L/100 mL jar on the filler paper attached under the surface of the jar cap to determine mortality., Mortality rate of essential oils increased with the increasing concentrations. Of the 4 essential oils screened, 1,8-cineole from rosemary and common sage exhibited the highest activity, followed by beta-thujone from common sage and p-cymene from thyme. Therefore, rosemary essential oil could be recommended as a potential source of environment-friendly botanical insecticide in the control of the confused flour beetle.Öğe A new record for the flora of Turkey: Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae)(2014) Uremis, I.; Uludag, A.; Arslan, Z.F.; Abaci, O.Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (Pontederiaceae) is reported for the first time for the flora of Turkey. This invasive alien plant was observed in the Asi River (also called the Orontes River), which runs from Lebanon, through Syria to Turkey. The observation was made in the river near the border with Syria. This site is the in the district of Altinözü in the province of Hatay in the East Mediterranean region. Turkey is divided into grids for floral purposes by the book 'Flora of Turkey' and the plants described were collected in grid sector C6. The authors concluded that E. crassipes (water hyacinth) can establish and spread in Turkey. © 2014 OEPP/EPPO.Öğe Status of invasive alien plants included in EPPO Lists in Turkey(2015) Arslan, Z.F.; Uludag, A.; Uremis, I.Turkey is one of the richest areas in the middle latitudes in terms of plant diversity. It has approximately 12 000 plant species and a great number of new species are being added each year. However, invasive alien species have not yet been fully considered in Turkey and only two plant species are in Turkey's quarantine list (Arceuthobium spp. and Eichhornia crassipes). EPPO is an intergovernmental organization responsible for cooperation in plant protection in the European and Mediterranean region and maintains the A1 and A2 Lists of pests recommended for regulation (A1 species are absent from the EPPO region, A2 species are present but of limited distribution), the List of Invasive Alien Plants, the Observation List of invasive alien plants and the Alert List. Eichhornia crassipes, Heracleum persicum, Heracleum sosnowskyi, Ludwigia peploides, Polygonum perfoliatum and Solanum elaeagnifolium are among the species which were recorded in Turkey and are included in the EPPO A2 List. Species recorded in the EPPO List of invasive alien plants which are present in Turkey are: Acroptilon repens, Ailanthus altissima, Ambrosia artemisiifolia (= A. elatior), Carpobrotus edulis, Cortaderia selloana, Cyperus esculentus, Paspalum distichum (= P. paspalodes), Oxalis pes-caprae and Sicyos angulatus. Azolla filiculoides and Rhododendron ponticum are listed in the EPPO Observation List of Invasive alien plants and Miscanthus sinensis, listed in the EPPO Alert List, are also recorded in the Turkish flora. © 2015 OEPP/EPPO.Öğe Toxicological Responses of Confused Flour Beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrinoidea) to Various Plant Essential Oils(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Demirel, N.; Sener, O.; Arslan, M.; Uremis, I.; Uluc, F. T.; Cabuk, F.The confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is one of the most serious pests of stored cereals and processed cereal products. The essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), common sage (Salvia officinalis L.), oregano (Origanum syriacum L), Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and mountain oregano (Origanum minutiflorum L.) have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their toxicological effects against the confused flour beetle. In the current studies, gamma-terpinene and p-cymene from oregano, p-cymene from common thyme, beta- thujone, 1,8-cineole and L-camphor from common sage, 1,8-cineole and camphor from rosemary, carvacrol from Turkish oregano, carvacrol and thymol from sweet marjoram, carvacrol and p-cymene from Greek oregano and mountain oregano have been identified as the main volatile components. The essential oil extracted from rosemary, sweet marjoram and common thyme caused significant mortality on the confused flour beetle. In addition, rosemary had the lowest lethal concentrations (LC50: 1.12, 0.598) in both bioassays. The common thyme and sweet marjoram had followed it as a second lower lethal concentration, Therefore, the essential oils extracted from rosemary, sweet marjoram and common thyme can be recommended as a potential source of environment-friendly botanical insecticide in control of the confused flour beetle. However, essential oil extracted from Turkish oregano, Greek oregano and mountain oregano had the lowest mortality while the higher lethal concentration. Therefore, they can not be suggested for controlling of the confused flour beetle in the stored products.Öğe Weed management in early-season potato production in the mediterranean conditions of Turkey(2009) Uremis, I.; Caliskan, M.E.; Uludag, A.; Caliskan, S.Early-season potato production is a profitable system in the Mediterranean part of Turkey. Weeds are problem in early-season potato production. The effect of combinations of extended season weed control techniques (none, hand-hoeing twice, black or clear plastic mulch placed at planting, or metribuzin POST and soil applied herbicides (none, trifluralin PPI, or a commercially formulated combination of pendimethalin and metolachlor PRE) on weed control and potato yield were compared. No weed species shift was observed due to treatments. Soil applied herbicides kept weeds under pressure through growing season in some extent, improved effect of black plastic mulch on weed control, caused bigger tubers and consequently higher class-A yield. Although hand-hoeing twice during the growing season resulted in the lowest percent weed cover at harvest and better yield, cost and availability of labor may not make this method feasible for a potato grower. Combinations of PPI or PRE soil-applied herbicides and plastic mulch will be necessary. Overall, black rather than clear plastic mulch seems to be the best choice for an extended-season control method following a PPI or PRE herbicide. Metribuzin controlled weeds in some extent but the effect did not translate to potato yield. Plastic mulches, especially clear one, caused earliness at emergence, which might help earlier harvest.Öğe WEED MANAGEMENT IN EARLY-SEASON POTATO PRODUCTION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS OF TURKEY(Scientific Issues Natl Centre Agrarian Sciences, 2009) Uremis, I.; Caliskan, M. E.; Uludag, A.; Caliskan, S.Early-season potato production is a profitable system in the Mediterranean part of Turkey. Weeds are problem in early-season potato production. The effect of combinations of extended season weed control techniques (none, hand-hoeing twice, black or clear plastic mulch placed at planting, or metribuzin POST and soil applied herbicides (none, trifluralin PPI, or a commercially formulated combination of pendimethalin and metolachlor PRE) on weed control and potato yield were compared. No weed species shift was observed due to treatments. Soil applied herbicides kept weeds under pressure through growing season in some extent, improved effect of black plastic mulch on weed control, caused bigger tubers and consequently higher class-A yield. Although hand-hoeing twice during the growing season resulted in the lowest percent weed cover at harvest and better yield, cost and availability of labor may not make this method feasible for a potato grower. Combinations of PPI or PRE soil-applied herbicides and plastic mulch will be necessary. Overall, black rather than clear plastic mulch seems to be the best choice for an extended-season control method following a PPI or PRE herbicide. Metribuzin controlled weeds in some extent but the effect did not translate to potato yield. Plastic mulches, especially clear one, caused earliness at emergence, which might help earlier harvest.
