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Öğe Alien flora of Turkey: checklist, taxonomic composition and ecological attributes(Pensoft Publishers, 2017) Uludag, Ahmet; Aksoy, Necmi; Yazlik, Ayse; Arslan, Zubeyde Filiz; Yazmis, Efecan; Uremis, Ilhan; Cossu, Tiziana AntonellaThe paper provides an updated checklist of the alien flora of Turkey with information on its structure. The alien flora of Turkey comprises 340 taxa, among which there are 321 angiosperms, 17 gymnosperms and two ferns. Of the total number of taxa, 228 (68%) are naturalized and 112 (32%) are casual. There are 275 neophytes (172 naturalized and 103 casual) and 61 archaeophytes (52 naturalized and 9 casual); four species could not be classified with respect to the residence time. In addition, 47 frequently planted taxa with a potential to escape are also listed. The richest families are Asteraceae (38 taxa), Poaceae (30), Fabaceae (23) and Solanaceae (22). As for the naturalized alien plants, the highest species richness is found in Asteraceae (31 taxa), Poaceae (22), Amaranthaceae (18) and Solanaceae (15). The majority of alien taxa are perennial (63.8% of the total number of taxa with this life history assigned, including those with multiple life histories), annuals contribute 33.8% and 2.4% are biennial aliens. Among perennials the most common life forms are phanerophytes, of which 20.3% are trees and 12.6% shrubs; woody vines, stem succulents, and aquatic plants are comparatively less represented. Most of the 340 alien taxa introduced to Turkey have their native ranges in Americas (44.7%) and Asia (27.6%). Of other regions, 9.1% originated in Africa, 4.4% in Eurasia, 3.8% in Australia and Oceania and 3.5% in the Mediterranean. The majority of taxa (71.9%) were introduced intentionally, whereas the remaining (28.1%) were introduced accidentally. Among the taxa introduced intentionally, the vast majority are ornamental plants (55.2%), 10.0% taxa were introduced for forestry and 6.7% as crops. Casual alien plants are most commonly found in urban and ruderal habitats (40.1%) where naturalized taxa are also often recorded (27.3%). Plants that occur as agricultural weeds are typically naturalized rather than casual (16.0% vs 7.1%, respectively). However, (semi) natural habitats in Turkey are often invaded by alien taxa, especially by those that are able to naturalize.Öğe Allelopathic potentials of residues of 6 brassica species on johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.](Academic Journals, 2009) Uremis, Ilhan; Arslan, Mehmet; Uludag, Ahmet; Sangun, Mustafa KemalJohnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.) is a troublesome weed species of many crops in Turkey as well as worldwide. Allelopathic potential of residues of some brassica species, which are round white radish (Raphanus sativus L.), garden radish ( R. sativus L.), black radish ( R. sativus L. var. niger), little radish ( R. sativus L. var. radicula, turnip ( Brassica campestris L. subsp. rapa) and rapeseed ( Brassica napus L. oleifera DC.) on johnsongrass were investigated under both laboratory and field conditions. All species suppressed johnsongrass in field and laboratory conditions. The lowest suppression was from garden radish, which has already been used to control johnsongrass by few farmers in Turkey. It is concluded that the plants studied can be used to control johnsongrass. Higher amount of isothiocyanates ( isothiocyanate benzyl, Isothiocyanate allyl) in black radish extract and lower amount of isothiocyanates at garden radish extract were determined. Parallel results for johnsongrass suppression and amount of isothiocyanates show that allelopathy play roles in johnsongrass suppression by brassica species.Öğe Bio-Herbicidal Effects of Oregano and Rosemary Essential Oils on Germination and Seedling Growth of Bread Wheat Cultivars and Weeds(Ars Docendi, 2016) Atak, Mehmet; Mavi, Kazim; Uremis, IlhanAllelopathic effect of essential oils found in Origanum onites L. (Ori) (Turkish oregano) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Ros) (Rosemary) was tested on five bread wheat cultivars and two weed species. The essential oils were applied at rate of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mu L / petri dishes to study their effect on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat cultivars and two weed species; AVEST (Avena sterilis) and SINAR (Sinapis arvensis) commonly found in wheat field. Both essential oils of Ori and Ros caused a generally detrimental effect on seed germination rate, seedling shoot length, seedling root length and seedling fresh weight of wheat cultivars. Ori and Ros oils caused 37 to 87% and 10 to 78% germination inhibition on wheat cultivars, respectively. Mean germination time was extended as the concentration of essential oil was increased. For majority of the traits tested in this study, there was significant interaction between essential oil type and wheat cultivars. Both essential oils suppressed germination rate of the tested weeds. Ori caused 97 to 100 % germination inhibition rate on SINAR, and 26.7 to 84.5 % in AVEST. Ros also caused 85 to % 100 germination reductions on SINAR. Wheat cultivars were less affected compared to weed species suggesting that proper doses of these essential oils could be used as a bio herbicide for weed control. The result of the study demonstrated that essential oils of Ori and Ros have allelopathic potential, presenting a risk or advantage to seed germination and seedling growth of winter and alternative wheat cultivars grown in Turkey.Öğe Biological weed control(Elsevier, 2018) Uludag, Ahmet; Uremis, Ilhan; Arslan, MehmetThe biological approach, as an integral part of integrated and sustainable weed control approaches, has an increasing importance and consideration due to increasing environmental and anthropogenic problems. Successful weed control through use of biological agents has a background of more than a couple of centuries. In this chapter, we started with a more classical way of biological approach to introduce arthropods, mainly insects, followed by examples of redistribution of local arthropods. In the bioherbicide section, we have focused on formulated natural products and formulations. Biological weed control faces problems such as inadequacy of finance, some side effects, and conflicting views. However, biological methods are expected to provide more promising weed control practices in the future. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activities of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Origanum Hybrids Grown in Different Global Climate Scenarios on Seed Germination of Amaranthus palmeri(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Yasar, Ayse; Karaman, Yucel; Gokbulut, Incilay; Tursun, Ayse Ozlem; Tursun, Nihat; Uremis, Ilhan; Arslan, MehmetThe present study aimed to investigate the changes in the essential oil contents of some Origanum hybrids grown at different carbon dioxide (400 and 800 ppm) levels in a fully automated carbon dioxide greenhouse. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was found that, among the Origanum hybrids, there were differences between the essential oil contents of those grown under natural conditions and controlled greenhouse conditions. While an increase in carbon dioxide level significantly increased the thymol and carvacrol components, which are among important monoterpene components, of Origanum syriacum x O. onites and O. syriacum x O. vulgare hybrids, whereas it led to a decrease in O. syriacum x O. majorona hybrid. To determine the effects on germination of Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson seeds under laboratory conditions, the essential oils were used at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mu l/petri doses. The most effective doses of essential oils for preventing the germination of A. palmeri seed were found to be 2 and 4 mu l/petri. In preventing the germination of seeds, the most effective (100 %) application for all the essential oils was achieved with O. syriacum x O. onites hybrid grown at 800 ppm. These results show that the CO2 increases that may occur as a result of climate change in the next years may lead to changes in the content of essential oils in Origanum hybrids and may have the potential to be used as bio-herbicidal to prevent the germination of A palmeri.Öğe Critical Period for Weed control in Sunflower and Effects of Applications on Weed Species and Diversity(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Ozkil, Mine; Torun, Hilmi; Eymirli, Serdar; Uremis, Ilhan; Karaman, Yucel; Tursun, NihatThis study was carried out under field conditions in Adana, Turkey in 2018 and 2019 to determine the critical period for weed control in sunflower depending on the daily growth temperature (GDD) and weed species. A log-logistic model with four parameters was used to determine the relationship between relative crop yield and both increased weed intervention time and length of weed-free periods. In addition, dominant weeds and weed densities were determined in the experimental area. Data obtained from different periods of weed intervention were compared with data obtained from seasonal weed-free plots. During the sunflower growing season, 37.4% - 41.04% yield loss was determined in sunflower due to weed competition. For 5% acceptable yield loss in the first year, the critical period in weed control was determined as 243-1181 GDD; this is 24-86 days after the crop emergence (DAE). It was found between 269 and 1409 GDD (16-72 DAE) in the second year. In sunflower, it was determined that the removal of weeds from the plot in the weed-free period started within 2-3 weeks from the emergence and continued for 10-12 weeks. These findings may help sunflower growers to plan and implement cost-effective and appropriate weed control programs.Öğe Determination of critical period for weed control in the second crop corn under Mediterranean conditions(Academic Journals, 2009) Uremis, Ilhan; Uludag, Ahmet; Ulger, Ahmet Can; Cakir, BulentWeeds are a major constraint in corn production. Understanding the critical period for weed control (CPWC) can be a tool for effective weed control and reducing the impacts of weeds. Three experiments were conducted to determine CPWC in the second corn crop from 1996 to 1998. The critical period for weed control in the second crop corn in the mediterranean region was determined to be from 131 to 927 growing degree days (GDD) after sowing in 1996, from 337 to 731 GDD in 1997 and from 266 to 551 GDD in 1998 for 10% yield loss; for 2.5 - 5% yield loss, the critical period starts with germination and lasts longer. Preemergence (PRE) or presowing (PPI) herbicides would be preferred to avoid higher yield losses. If a farmer can tolerate 10% yield loss, a postemergence (POST) herbicide can be applied in the second week after crop sowing, and the field should be kept weed free for 4 or 5 weeks. The duration of weed competition and time of weed removal also affect tasseling, silking, plant height, stem diameter, first ear's height and number of kernels in an ear, all of which correlate with corn yield.Öğe Determination of Emergence Depth and Germination Rates of Ipomoea triloba L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. Seeds Buried at Different Depths in the Soil*(Univ Namik Kemal, 2023) Ozkil, Mine; Uremis, IlhanThe aim of the study is to determine the change in the viability rates of seeds by time and to determine the depth of emergence for the control of Ipomoea triloba (IPOTR) and Convolvulus arvensis (CONAR), which are important weed species in the agricultural areas of the Mediterranean region. In order to determine the optimum emergence depth of CONAR and IPOTR seeds in the study, 25 weed seeds were placed at 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm depths in pots with soil + peat + sand mixture in a climate chamber adjusted at 30 degrees C. For the evaluation, the seedlings that emerged to the soil surface on the 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days were counted, the emergenced seeds were taken out and the emergence rate percentage was calculated. In the study carried out to determine the life span of CONAR and IPOTR species in the soil; 10 and 20 cm deep pits were prepared for both weed species. 0.25 kg of sterilized soil and 300 pieces of seeds were placed in each bag to be buried in the ground. Seeds buried at 10 and 20 cm depths of the soil were used to conduct germination experiments to determine the viability of the seeds at 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months following the burial date. It was determined that the best emergence in the seeds of both species occurred at a depth of 2 cm and the emergence rate was 84.0% for CONAR and 96.8% for IPOTR. The longevity of CONAR seeds at 10 and 20 cm depths of the soil were determined as 90.10%and 87.5% at the 6th month, and 15.40% and 9.50% at the 30th month. The longevity of IPOTR seeds at 10 and 20 cm depths of the soil were 93.90% and 85.20% at the 6th month, while it was determined as 10.10% and 7.60% at the 30th month, respectively. According to our study results, it is thought that seed germination can be reduced by deep tillage to control CONAR and IPOTR, and thus the density can also be reduced and new seed formation can be prevented. It is thought that among the methods of control CONAR and IPOTR, which are seen in many regions of our country and cause economic damage, it will be beneficial for the producers to determine the application method in this direction, where tillage can be used.Öğe Determination of Fungal and Bacterial Disease Agents on Significant Brassicaceous Vegetable Species Grown in Hatay Province(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Uysal, Aysun; Gumus, Yusuf; Soylu, Emine Mine; Kurt, Sener; Uremis, IlhanThe Brassicaceae family, commonly known as the Cruciferae or mustard family, encompasses plant species of global economic significance, including oilseed crops, vegetables, as well as condiment purposes. Hatay is one of the most important provinces in Turkey where Brassicaceous vegetable crops are grown. This study aimed to identify the causative disease agents affecting Brassicaceous vegetables including cabbage (red and white varieties), broccoli, cauliflower, garden cress, rocket, and radish in the districts of Hatay Province where vegetable cultivation took place during the 2020-2021 growing seasons. Isolations from suspicious cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and radish plants exhibiting disease symptoms in the surveyed areas revealed the presence of various fungal disease agents, including Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium exquisite, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, , and Stemphylum sp. Furthermore, obligate oomycete pathogens such as Albugo lepidii, Albugo candida, , and Perofascia lepidii were detected with varying prevalence and incidence rates on leaves and stems of water cress, rocket, and radish plants. In addition to fungal pathogens, primary bacterial pathogens, including Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, , Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, , Pectobacterium parmentieri, Pseudomonas corrugata, , and Pseudomonas victoria, , were identified through morphological, biochemical, and pathogenicity tests, and MALDI-TOF analyses. Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas marginalis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Enterobacter cloacae, and Bacillus pumilus were also identified as opportunistic soft rot bacterial pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. solani, F. oxysporum, F. exquisite, A. alternata, B. cinerea, Stemphylum sp., as fungal disease agents; P. parmentieri, P. corrugata, and P. victoria as primary soft rot bacterial disease agents; P. agglomerans, P. marginalis, P. fluorescens, E. cloacae, and B. pumilus as opportunistic secondary soft rot bacterial disease agents affecting different minor vegetables belong to Brassica spp, such as cabbage (red and white varieties), broccoli, cauliflower, radish, rocket, and garden cress, grown in Turkey.Öğe Determination of Fungal and Bacterial Diseases Agents Encountered in Carrot Growing Fields in Amik Plain of Turkey(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Uysal, Aysun; Kurt, Sener; Soylu, Emine Mine; Uremis, Ilhan; Sertkaya, ErdalCarrot [Daucus carota L.] is one of the most consumed healthy vegetables worldwide due to its vitamins, amino acids and high nutritional content. Fungal and bacterial disease agents, encountered in the fields where carrots are grown in the Amik Plain of Hatay province, were determined during 2018-2019 growing season. Disease surveys were carried out at three different phenological stages of the plant. Different fungal and bacterial disease agents were isolated and subsequently identified from diseased leaves, stems and fruits. In addition to the disease symptoms in the form of transverse brown dry depressions on carrot fruits, from the brown-black spots on the leaves and stems, Alternaria dauci, A. alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, R. carotae, Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Geotrichum candidum, Pythium spp., Fusarium bra. equiseti, F. proliferatum and F. solani species were obtained and identified as a result of molecular and MALDI-TOF protein profile analyzes as well as their morphological features. Powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe heraclei was also determined in the surveyed area. By the bacterial isolates obtained from carrot showing soft rot symptoms, major soft rot disease agents, such as Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and Pseudomonas corrugata and opportunistic soft rot disease agents, such as P. marginalis, P. fluorescens, P. mediterranea, P. veronii, Erwinia rhapontici, E. persicina, Enterobacter cloacae, Lelliottia amnigena, Rahnella aquatilis, Pantoea agglomerans, were identified by using MALDI-TOF analyses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in which fungal disease agent Fusarium brachygibbosum and all soft rotting bacterial disease agents were determined at species level on carrot roots growing in Turkey.Öğe Drying of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) inflorescences by intermittent and continuous microwave-convective air combination(Gaurav Soc Agricultural Research Information Centre-Aric, 2011) Esturk, Okan; Arslan, Mehmet; Soysal, Yurtsever; Uremis, Ilhan; Ayhan, ZehraThe effect of microwave-convective air (M-CA) drying (continuous and intermittent) and convective air (CA) drying of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) inflorescences on drying kinetics and essential oil content was studied. For M-CA drying, four pulse ratio levels (PR1, PR2, PR3 and PR4) at 25 degrees C drying air temperature were used. The average drying rates were 0.211, 0.105, 0.067 and 0.053 kg H2O/kg DM/min for PR1, PR2, PR3 and PR4, respectively. The experimental data were fitted to nine different moisture ratio (MR) models to describe the drying kinetics under various drying conditions. Page model was found satisfactory to describe the drying curves of sage inflorescences. The total quantity of essential oils of sage inflorescences decreased considerably during M-CA drying, whereas the loss of essential oils was limited during CA drying. Compared to shade drying, two essential oil components, sabinene and p-cymene, were lost during CA drying. On the other hand, in addition to these two, alpha-pinene, campene, beta-pinene, limonene, gamma-terpinene, camphor, bornyl acetate, alpha-copaene, gamma-cadinene, delta-cadinene and caryophyllene oxide were disappeared during M-CA drying. M-CA drying may not be proper technique for drying of sage inflorescences when essential oil content is important.Öğe Economic analyses of pesticide usage on red peppers (Capsicum) in Hatay Province in Turkey and determination of production cost(Univ Fed Rural Pernambuco, Dept Letras Ciencias Humanas, 2015) Dagistan, Erdal; Demirtas, Bekir; Tapki, Nuran; Uremis, Ilhan; Arslan, MehmetThis study was conducted to determine red pepper production economics and pesticide usage in Hatay. The data was collected from 91 pepper producers by using the face to face interview survey method. Among enterprises within the research, pepper production is one of the most important income sources and it has a 39,85% share in their total income. Pesticide average usage is 12.42 gr/ha and includes the following: 6720 gr/ha of insecticides, 700gr/ha of acaricides, and 5000 gr/ha of fungicides. Pesticides expense has a 13,91% share in the total production cost. Producers are aware of the environmental damage caused by pesticide usage but they don't believe they have any alternative options. Average pepper production is 149,4 kg/ha with a profit of 2040 $/ha.Öğe The Effect of Different Weed Control Treatments On Pharmacological Components of Stigma Quality of Saffron and Diversity of the Microbial Population in Soil(Springer, 2022) Asil, Hasan; Soylu, Soner; Kara, Merve; Celik, Murat; Tasgin, Selim; Celik, Fatma; Uremis, IlhanA two-year study was conducted to determine the efficacy of weed control techniques on the stigma quality of saffron and the diversity of the microbial population in the soil from 2019 to 2021. Several weed control methods are applied to reduce weed competition in saffron (Crocus sativus L.) fields. The impact of fourteen different weed control treatments on the pharmacological components was determined by the GC-MS/MS and GC-MS FID analyses. The highest safranal content in the stigma was recorded from metribuzin treatment with 8.00 mg g(-1), and the lowest was in the pendimethalin + tepraloxydim treatment with 1.26 mg g(-1). The density of the total plant growth promoting bacterial population and the species were defined from the soil around the saffron corms grown in the plots that were applied to the soil treatments. The bacterial species, isolated from the soil samples, were identified using MALDI-TOF analysis. A total of 117 bacterial isolates were obtained from the samples at the root regions of saffron corms The bacterial richness was the highest in the soil sample taken from benfluralin applied with 13 isolates, textile mulch and metribuzin treatments with 12 isolates and sawdust (pine) + benfluralin treatment with 11 isolates. The results showed that the soil treatments used for weed control significantly affected the quality of the saffron stigma, number and population diversities of plant growth promoting endophytic/epiphytic bacteria in the soil and on the corm.Öğe Impact of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. on the Species Richness in Native Range(Springer, 2022) Yazlik, Ayse; Uremis, IlhanSorghum halepense (L.) Pers. is one of the most important weed species that has a very large climate niche, with favorable growing conditions in the world in managed and unmanaged areas. This study aimed to determine the species richness and some physical features of S. halepense in Yalova province, which is located in the Mediterranean biogeographic section in Turkey. The variability of colonized habitat by this species was studied at six sites with 120 samples in the S. halepense present and not-present areas. The total numbers of plant species in S. halepense present areas (36 taxa) were lower than in S. halepense not-present (70 taxa). Convolvulus arvensis (70%), Cynodon dactylon (50%) and Cichorium intybus (30%) were the most frequent species occurring along with S. halepense. In addition, Phragmites australis (7%) and Cyperus rotundus (8.3) were identified as a single plant combination with S. halepense in some samples. In addition, Amaranthus retroflexus (28.3%), Rumex crispus (20.0%) and Datura stramonium (18.3%) were the most frequent species that occurred in S. halepense not-present sites. The success of S. halepense ongoing risk can be explained by its wide ecological tolerance and strong competitive ability as an expanding species. For this reason, necessary measures should be taken for controlling the distribution of S. halepense in each region and risk analysis should be performed even if in the native range.Öğe The Possible Role of Bird Migrations on Introduction and Spread of Invasive Alien Plants: A Case Study, Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Uludag, Ahmet; Uremis, Ilhan; Kozbas, Ayseguel Iliker; Soylu, Soner; Erkilic, Lerzan Bakircioglu; Ilcim, AhmetSolanum elaeagnifolium (SOLEL), a native plant of the Americas is a highly spread invasive alien species worldwide with impacts on biodiversity and agriculture. It has a long history in Mediterranean basin and the Middle East where Turkiye is located but there was no record except one in 2006 from the eastern the Mediterranean of Turkiye of which introduction was attributed to migrating birds. Despite widespread and large populations in neighboring countries, not detecting SOLEL in Turkiye had been questionable. The aims of the study were to find out new populations of SOLEL in Turkiye and understand the reason of less population occurred in Turkiye. Two areas were selected near the country borders of Turkiye which are known as migrating bird routes. Areas were visited unregularly several times from 2020 to 2023 to find out SOLEL populations. New populations were detected in the eastern Mediterranean and Aegean Regions of Turkiye which are over 1000 km apart from each other. SOLEL populations and bird migration routes through Turkiye and countries SOLEL has already been recorded were compared. It is concluded that SOLEL might be introduced by migrating birds. It is suggested that more detailed research is needed to explain the role of migrating birds in invasive alien plants' introductions. Furthermore, plants around wetlands which birds use in their migration routes should be observed to prevent new plant invasions.Öğe Preliminary studies on two Diaspididae (Hemiptera) species feeding on Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) in Turkey(Springer, 2010) Doganlar, Mikdat; Yigit, Abdurrahman; Ben-Dov, Yair; Uremis, Ilhan; Arslan, MehmetThe scale insects Acanthomytilus sacchari (Hall) and Duplachionaspis erianthi Borchsenius (Hemiptera, Diaspididae) are newly recorded as indigenous insects from Turkey. Both A. sacchari and D. erianthi were found to feed only on rhizomes of Johnsongrass. A field study was conducted to determine host ranges and feeding effects of these scale insects on Johnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. No feeding of these species was observed on Zea mays L. (maize), Sorghum sudanense Staph. (sorghum), Aegilops triuncialis L. (barbed goatgrass), Avena fatua L. (wild oat), A. sterilis (sterile oat), Bromus tectorum L. (downy brome), Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. (bermudagrass), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steudel (common reed), Poa bulbosa L. (bulbous bluegrass), or Secale montanum Guss. (wild rye). The mean infestation rates of the scale insects on Johnsongrass in southeastern Anatolia were 11.47% and 1.64% for A. sacchari and D. erianthi, respectively. Further investigations are required to clarify their biology and damage to Johnsongrass under field conditions.Öğe Weed species in banana (Musa spp.) production systems in Turkiye(Soc Brasileira Ciencia Plantas Daninhas-Sbcpd, 2023) Torun, Hilmi; Ozkil, Mine; Uremis, Ilhan; Uyar, Sevgi; Uludag, AhmetBackground: Banana (Musa spp.) cultivation, has a centaury history in open fields in Mediterranean part of Turkiye has become enlarged for three decades due to benefits of covered production. Objective: Weed species, their frequencies, distributions and reasons under current techniques and geographical attributes in banana fields and greenhouses were determined to provide data to develop strategies and systems for sustainable weed management and cultivation of banana. Methods: Weeds and their coverage and densities were determined in banana fields and greenhouses surveying 2% of banana production acreage in 2021-2022. Results: 68 different species of 25 families were recorded. The most common weed species were Cardamine occulta, Amaranthus retroflexus, Portulaca oleracea, Conyza canadensis, and Oxalis corniculata. The number of weeds, their coverage and densities in individual fields were not affected significantly by production method (open-field vs greenhouse) or banana cultivars but location. Years and field size affected the number of weed species while homogeneity and cycles affected weed coverage and density. Dominant species in greenhouses were C. occulta, Pilea microphylla, O. corniculata, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria verticillata, and A. retroflexus but Cyperus rotundus, S. verticillata, O. corniculata, and P. oleracea in open fields. C. occulta and Pilea microphylla were recorded first time in Turkiye. Conclusions: The most common species and dominant species in fields are mainly aliens including both neophytes and archeophytes. Greenhouses and production techniques might have effect on weed problem. There are needs for further research on banana weeds including their controls to establish better strategies and control systems in banana management.
