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    AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF ASTAXANTHIN ON ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION INJURY OF SKELETAL MUSCLES
    (Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2022) Uyar, A.; Akkoyun, H. T.; Bengu, A. S.; Akkoyun, M. B.; Keles, O. f.; Atcali, T.; Melek, S.
    This experimental study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of astaxanthin (AST) on the prevention of skeletal muscle injury resulting from lower extremity ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Twenty-eight (250-300g) male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as Control, I/R, I/R+AST and AST. In the control group, only anesthesia was induced for 2 h without I/R. In the I/R group, 2 h of reperfusion was facilitated following ischemia under anesthesia. For the I/R+AST group, 7 days prior to ischemia, 125 mg/kg AST was given through a gavage, and 2 h of ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion were facilitated under anesthesia. At the end of the study, blood and gastrocnemius muscle tissue samples were taken for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Compared to the control group, there were increased Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and decreased Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) enzyme activities in the I/R group (p??0.001). Degeneration, necrosis, inflammation, loss of striation, interfibrillar and interfascicular edema were seen in the histopathological examination of the skeletal muscles in the I/R group. These histopathological findings were minimal in the I/R+AST group. In the immunohistochemical examination of muscle tissue with the GPx1 primary antibody, a mild degree of GPx1 reactivity was observed in the I/R group, and a moderate degree of GPx1 reactivity was seen in the I/R+AST group. As a result, the strong ameliorative effect of AST on ischemia-reperfusion injury and its complications on skeletal muscles was demonstrated by biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations.
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    The Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid on Pathogenesis of Experimental Nephrolithiasis and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2023) Kutlu, T.; Kazak, F.; Uyar, A.
    In the present study, it was aimed to examine the effects of early calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal formation and deposition on the kidneys and the effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in the prevention and early treatment of CaOx deposition in rats. Sixty rats were divided into six groups (n=10 per group). Ethylene glycol (EG) and ammonium chloride (AC) (0.75% EG + 0.75% AC) were added to the drinking water of different groups for 7 or 14 days to induce nephrolithiasis. The effects of the CaOx and ALA (100 mg/kg per day orally) on kidney were investigated via histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. EG+AC application for both 7 and 14 days caused crystal accumulation in the tubule lumens, cystically dilated tubules, and hydropic degeneration in the tubular epithelium. However, inflammatory cell infiltration was observed merely in 14 days. When EG+AC administration was applied for 14 days only, it caused expression of ED1, alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), and vimentin in the tubulointerstitial areas. However, alpha-SMA and vimentin expression was not observed in tubular epithelial cells. Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-01) expression was also detected in the tubules and intertubular cells at 14 days. It was determined that ALA administration with EG+AC reduced the crystal accumulation in the tubule lumens (p<0.001), the degeneration of the tubular epithelium (p<0.001), and the expression of TGF-01. In addition, it was de- tected that ALA caused an increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p<0.001) and Catalase (CAT) (p>0.05) activities, which decreased with EG+AC application. This study suggests that ALA may be an effective strategy for reducing acute kidney injury caused by CaOx.
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    A histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical investigation of the antidiabetic effects of the Pistacia terebinthus in diabetic rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Uyar, A.; Abdulrahman, N. T.
    We investigated the antidiabetic activity of Pistacia terebinthus (PT) extracts in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. We used 40 Wistar albino male rats divided into five groups: control (C), diabetes (DM), diabetes + acarbose (DM + AC), diabetes + PT (DM + PT) and PT. DM was established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Immunohistochemistry revealed that STZ reduced insulin immunoreactivity in the pancreas of the diabetic rats. To the contrary, insulin immunoreactivity in the pancreatic beta cells of PT treated diabetic rats was increased significantly. Decreased levels of blood glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were found in the PT supplemented diabetic group. Also, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant defense system enzyme levels were normalized in the DM + PT group. PT exhibited a protective effect on liver, kidney and pancreas that had been damaged by STZ induced DM.