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    Diadem Examples from the Adana Museum
    (Mersin Univ Publ Res Center Cilician Archaeology, 2019) Uygun, Cilem
    The collection of 14 diadems which were brought by the the Adana Museum is the subject of this study. These diadems were produced by the hammering method. The term diadem, which means a thin strip of tape wrapped around the head, was used by Ksenephon to describe the band surrounding the tiara of the Persian king, Kyros. As can be seen from the examples uncovered in the Bronze Age tombs, this head ornament, which is based on a long tradition, turned into an indispensable accessory of the Hellenistic period kings, thus gained a royal prerogative. This process also triggered the use of diadems made of cheap and thin gold foil in a wide geography as part of the burial tradition. Due to its function, these diadems, which fall within the scope of Funerary Jewelry, are much thinner than diadems used in daily life. The diadems in the Adana Museum were used as funerary diadems because of both the thickness of the foil and the low labor quality. In the article, the diadems of the Adana Museum, consisting of three main forms as strip, pedimental and elliptical shapes, are grouped under two main headings according to being ornamental or plain. The diadems were decorated geometric, plantal and figurative. Zig zag is the main motif in geometric decoration. Curled branch and ivy leaf form the theme of herbal decoration. The diadem, in which the wedding ceremony is performed in figured narratives, is a singular example with its quality of workmanship and rich iconography. In the other figured diadems that have dominant local workmanship characteristics, male or female mixed or only women's cortege are depicted. There are larger female figures in the middle of the cortege or at the level of diadem's pediment than the other figures. During our literature researches it was not possible to find parallel diadem examples. In terms of decoration, style and iconography characteristics, the Adana Museum diadems were evaluated under three periods as Bronze Age, Geometric Period, Late Classical-Hellenistic Period. The ones that are in pedimental form among the four diadems of the plain group were dated to Hellenistic Period and the elliptical shaped example was dated to Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age. As the provenance and context of the diadems in the Adana Museum collection are not known, they are dated according to similiar representations in ancient art.
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    Early Byzantine Jewelry from Rough CiliciaDiocaesarea Treasure
    (Istanbul Univ, Research Inst Turkology, Dept Art History, 2023) Aydinoglu, Umit; Uygun, Cilem
    Diocaesarea in Rough Cilicia is in the Uzuncaburc neighborhood, approximately 25 km north of the Silifke district of Mersin. The ancient city stands out with its well-preserved Hellenistic, Roman and Late Antique archaeological remains. During the excavations carried out in the tower, the jewelry group, which we will evaluate within the scope of the article, was found. In the group there are 1 pair of earrings, 4 bracelets, 4 necklaces, 6 necklace pendants, 1 necklace clasp ornament, and 1 necklace piece/applique in the form of a four-leaf clover. In this article, this jewelry group will be examined both by analogy and on the basis of the finds found with it. The jewelry was dated to the end of the 6th century AD and the beginning of the 7th century AD, both by analogy and by the Heraclius coins recovered. The fact that the Heraclius coin was found in the tower along with the valuable jewellery produced by Constantinople confirms that Diocaesarea was also under Byzantine rule during this period.
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    THE LAMP MOLDS AND LAMP PRODUCTION OF TLOS IN THE ROMAN PERIOD
    (Mersin Univ Publ Res Center Cilician Archaeology, 2023) Uygun, Cilem; Ozdemir, Bilsen; Korkut, Taner
    Many lamp molds and the lamps produced from these molds were found during excavations in the building complex of the parliament building in the Ancient City of Tlos. This material group, evidencing local lamp production, has been evaluated together with lamp molds found in other excavation areas of the city. Among the Tlos finds, three different types of molds were found: upper, lower, and handle shields. Of the numerically dominant upper molds, those with determinable form were grouped according to their profile features in a chronological index.The Broneer Type XXIV (cat. no. 1-10) and Broneer Type XXV (cat. no. 11), dated to the 1st century AD, are the most common forms of the Early Roman Imperial Period, and both of them are seen in the Tlos molds. Furthermore, the molds belonging to the Broneer Type XXVII group show the intensity of lamp production in the 2nd-3rd century AD, whereas the Broneer Type XXVIII-XXXI groups are important in terms of showing that production continued in the 4th-5th century AD. The preferred decoration patterns for these molds included mythological figures, gladiator combats, animal figures, ship descriptions, and herbal ornaments. The Tlos lamp repertoire, which includes the lamps produced in Attic and Corinth workshops, were further enriched with expressions specific to the city. The repetition of the same decoration pattern in more than one mold is important in that it indicates production capacity and popular lamp forms. The monograms consisting of Greek letters and linear characters on the back of the upper molds give us clues about the archive system used in the workshop. Only one (cat. no. 49) of the upper molds was endowed with the lamp maker's name, and one (cat. no. 98) of the lower molds with the workshop emblem.