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Öğe Breed influence on finishing performance and meat fatty acid composition in lambs raised under an intensive production system(Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2018) Ekiz, B.; Yilmaz, A.; Yakan, A.; Hanoglu, H.; Kaptan, C.Introduction - Lamb meat and milk products obtained from sheep are usually main protein sources for indigent people from rural areas in Turkey. The determination of appropriate breed in a specific feeding condition is very important to obtain high quality products, and also profitable production. There has been an increased interest to fatty acid composition of meat in recent years, because saturated fatty acid (SFA) and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) are considered major risk factors for coronary heart diseases. Aim - The aim of the study was to determine the finishing performance and meat fatty acid composition under intensive production system of lambs from sheep breeds widespread in Marmara Region of Turkey. Materials and methods - After weaning at 85-day, 6 lambs from Imroz and 10 lambs from each of Kivircik, Chios, Ramlic and Turkish Merino breeds were finished for 56-day after the 1-week adaptation period to diet. Longissimus dorsi muscle was used to assess meat fatty acid composition. Results - Imroz and Chios lambs had lower initial and final weights, and average daily gain (ADG) than Kivircik, Ramlic and Turkish Merino lambs (P < 0.001). Moreover, Imroz lambs had lower ADG than Chios lambs. Kivircik, Ramlic and Turkish Merino lambs had similar finishing performance. Differences between breeds for proportions of individual fatty acids other than lauric acid were not significant (P > 0.05). Lauric acid proportion was higher in Ramlic lambs than Kivircik and Chios lambs (P < 0.05). The effect of breed on SSFA, SMUFA, SPUFA, Sn-6 proportions and SPUFA/SSFA ratio were not significant (P > 0.05), whereas meat of Ramlic lambs had higher Sn-3 proportion than that of Imroz lambs (P < 0.05). Conclusion - No significant breed influence was observed for meat fatty acids, which are important in terms of cardio-vascular health. However, Kivircik, Ramlic and Turkish Merino lambs might be considered to have a greater potential for meat production, because of higher final weight and ADG in lambs of these breeds than Imroz and Chios lambs.Öğe Controlling the photoperiod to raise the melatonin content of sheep milk. Photoperiod control and milk melatonin content(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2023) Keskin, M.; Gul, S.; Karaaslan, I; Yakan, A.The aim of this study was to determine the effect of changing photoperiod time on the melatonin content of sheep milk. The animal material of the study consisted of 40 heads of Awassi sheep that gave birth in May 2021. The sheep were given roughage containing dry matter with 2.5% of their body weight and concentrated feed (2400-2600 kcal ME and 15-16% Crude Protein) as the 40% of their milk yield each day during the lactation period. The experimental ewes were randomly assigned into two groups with 20 animals in each. While the control group sheep were managed with normal day-time length during the lactation, the photoperiod restriction group were kept in the shed with 16 hours of darkness and 8 hours of daylight for 2 months. At the end of the two months, ewes of the both groups were managed in normal daylight until the end of lactation period. During the photoperiod restriction term, milk samples were taken at an interval of 14 days, while the milk composition was determined by a milk analyser and melatonin contents were determined by using LC MS/MS. In addition, lactation milk yield and lactation periods were estimated for all sheep. Statistical evaluation of the obtained data was done by using the SPSS package program. At the end of the study, the application of the extended dark period was found to be affected milk yield (P<0.05) as well as melatonin amount in the milk (P<0.001). Significantly higher melatonin amount was observed in the milk of sheep kept in a long-term dark environment compared to those exposed to normal photoperiod (11.06 +/- 7.24 pg/ml vs 6.12 +/- 4.55 pg/ml; P<0.001, respectively). As a result, it was determined that the prolonged dark period during a day increases the milk melatonin content. It can be also stated that the sheep's milk to be produced with this application could be a product that could take place in the functional food market.Öğe Effect of thyme oil (Thymbra spicata l. Var. Spicata) on meat quality in Japanese quails(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2014) Aksu, T.; Aksu, M. I.; Onel, S. E.; Yakan, A.; Kaya, D. A.; Baylan, M.The effects of thyme oil on meat quality in Japanese quails were investigated. A total of 192 mixed sexes Japanese quail chicks were used in the feeding trial, which lasted until the birds reached 35 d of age. Birds were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments comprising three experimental groups and one control group (basal diet). Each group was divided into 4 subgroups, with each containing twelve quails. Basal diet was formulated according to NRC recommendations. Thyme oil was added daily to the basal diet at 200 (T1), 400 (T2) and 600 mg/kg (T3) levels, respectively. After slaughtering and evisceration, the carcasses were stored at 3 +/- 0.5 degrees C for 10-12 h and then the breast fillets were removed from carcass. All dietary levels of thyme oil increased significantly the pH values of the breast fillets (P < 0.01). Dietary thyme oils significantly affected the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) values. The TBARS value was significantly higher in male quails than in females (P < 0.01). Interaction between groups and gender has been significant for TBARS values and cold carcass weight (P < 0.01). The supplementation of thyme oil to diets significantly affected a* and C* values of breast fillets in Japanese quails (P < 0.01) while no differences were observed among all groups for L*, b*, H* values. Interaction between group and gender was also significant for a* and C* values (P < 0.01).Öğe Effects of different fattening systems on technological properties and fatty acid composition of goose meat(Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2015) Sari, M.; Onk, K.; Sisman, T.; Tilki, M.; Yakan, A.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different fattening systems on the technological properties and fatty acid composition of goose meat. The geese were divided into four groups, with six geese in each group: 1) pasture grass, 2) pasture grass + barley, 3) pasture grass + commercial grower feed, and 4) commercial grower feed. During the first 4 weeks of the study, the goslings were fed with a concentrate diet. From 5th to 14th weeks the different feeding systems have been applied. All the geese were slaughtered when they were 14 weeks old to collect meat samples. The different fattening systems had a significant (P <= 0.05) effect on the pH(15) and drip loss of leg muscles, and on the cooking loss of breast muscles. The fatty acid compositions in the breast and leg muscle of the geese were not statistically different between the groups in the different fattening systems (P>0.05). However, the Sigma - polyunsaturated fatty acid (Sigma PUFA) content, Sigma - monounsaturated fatty acid (Sigma MUFA) content, and nutritive value index (NVI) were higher in the breast muscles than in the leg muscles in the pasture grass group (P <= 0.05). The NVI of the leg muscles was higher than that of the breast muscles in the pasture grass + barley group (P <= 0.05). The Sigma - saturated fatty acid (Sigma SFA) and the thrombogenic index (TI) were higher in the breast muscles than in the leg muscles in the pasture + grower group (P <= 0.05). In conclusion, the different fattening systems affected some technological properties of the meat. Research is needed on the deposition and digestion of fatty acids and energy metabolism with different fattening systems in geese.Öğe Effects of plant extracts and (essential) oil mixture on breast meat quality of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2014) Elmali, D. Aksu; Yakan, A.; Kaya, O.; Elmali, M.; Onk, K.; Sahin, T.; Durna, O.The objective of this study is to determine the effects of vegetable extracts and oil mixture, which is based on adding peppermint, thyme and anise to drinking waters, on the quality of breast meat in quails. Three groups of 14 quails (one-day old) with 7 males and 7 females were defined. The quails were fed ad libitum during 35 days with a 22% of crude protein and 12.9 Mj/kg of metabolizable energy diet. Two groups received fresh drinking water supplemented with 1 ml/5 l and 1.5 ml/5 l of plant extracts and oil mixture, respectively. The control group received non-supplemented drinking water. Several quality characteristics including pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, color, malondialdehyde, dry matter, crude ash, ether extract, crude protein, and fatty acids were defined in the breast meats of the quails slaughtered after the trial. No differences among the groups or sexes were defined for pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, color, dry matter, crude ash, ether extract, crude protein, and total and index values of fatty acids in the breast meat. At 24 hour the groups that were supplemented in oil mixture had a meat malondialdehyde level lower (P<0.05) than the control group. As a result, adding vegetable extracts and oil mixture to the drinking waters did not affect the breast meat qualities but increased significantly the antioxidant characteristics of the meat. Accordingly, it was concluded that addition of 1ml/5 l and 1.5 ml/5 l vegetable extract and oil mixture to the drinking waters of quails improve the quality of meat.Öğe Evaluation of blood omega-3 and omega-6 levels in healthy female dogs and female dogs with mammary tumours(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2021) Tuzlu, T.; Saribay, M. K.; Urer, E. Koldas; Kose, A. M.; Gozer, A.; Yakan, A.; Ozsoy, S. Y.The study was designed to determine the blood levels of omega fatty acids, which have an important role in the etiology of mammary tumours, in healthy and female dogs with mammary tumour. The study was carried out in 9 female dogs with histologically confirmed mammary tumour and a control group with 9 healthy female dogs without clinical mammary neoplasia. 10 ml cephalic blood samples were collected by using a 21G x 1.5.. blood collecting needle into anticoagulated tubes before the surgical removing of the mammary masses. Mastectomy was performed in all female dogs with mammary tumours and all the mammary specimens were sent to laboratory for histopathological examination. According to histopathological diagnosis results, all of the tumours were found to be malignant. Omega-3 levels were found to be higher in healthy female dogs (p<0.001) whereas omega-6 levels were higher in female dogs with mammary tumour (p<0.001). These observations support the notion tha thigh levels of omega-3 fatty acids might proove to have a protective role on mammary tumor formation in female dogs, while increased levels of omega-6 fatty acids may be related to an increased mammary tumor risk. This difference between omega-3 and omega-6 levels was found to be caused mainly by Eicosatrienoic acid. It is concluded that omega fatty acids mayplay an important role in the biological mechanism of mammary tumour in female dogs.Öğe Frozen storage characteristics of low-salt and low-fat beef patties as affected by Wakame addition and replacing pork backfat with olive oil-in-water emulsion(Elsevier, 2010) Lopez-Lopez, I.; Cofrades, S.; Yakan, A.; Solas, M. T.; Jimenez-Colmenero, F.Characteristics of beef patties with low-salt (0.5%) and low-fat (<10%) contents were studied during frozen storage as affected by addition of Wakame seaweed (3%) and partial or total replacement of pork backfat with olive oil-in-water emulsion. Patties with Wakame presented less (P < 0.05) thawing and cooking losses and were softer (P < 0.05) than patties without seaweed. A softening effect (P < 0.05) induced by olive oil emulsion was observed only in seaweed-free patties. Lipid oxidation and microbiological counts in reformulated products were not a limiting factor for frozen stability. Wakame incorporation increased (P < 0.05) mineral contents, but all products presented the same Na/K ratio. Observed changes in microstructure were associated with seaweed addition (formation of alginate chains). All products were judged acceptable by the sensory panel. In the course of frozen storage no important changes were found in the target properties due to the different treatments. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe NRF2 is a potential biomarker for the evaluation of weaning-related oxidative stress in goat kids(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Ozkan, H.; Kaya, U.; Karaaslan, I.; Dalkiran, S.; Camdeviren, B.; Yuksel, M.; Yakan, A.Weaning stress is crucial threatening factor in animal breeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of weaning to oxidative stress and stress status of goat kids at the molecular levels. In the study, blood samples were collected at the weaning process (7 days before weaning- Pre-W, Day of weaning- Day-W and 7 days after weaning- Post-W)from 24 healthy Damascus goats. Cortisol, MDA (Malondialdehyde), COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), and NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) proteins levels were investigated in plasma, while COX-2 and NRF2 genes expression levels were determined from leukocytes. Compared to Pre-W, COX-2 gene was upregulated almost 2-fold in Day-W. On the other hand, NRF2 gene expression levels were tended to upregulation in Day-W, and it was upregulated approximately 2-fold in Post-W. While MDA levels were gradually increased in the weaning process, the levels of COX-2 and NRF2 proteins showed similar changes with gene expression trends. Positive correlations were also found between cortisol and COX-2 and NRF-2 protein levels in plasma. It was thought that significant outputs gained in terms of MDA levels in plasma of kids at the weaning process. For the first time, determination of COX2 and NRF2 levels both mRNA and protein levels in the weaning process of goat kids were satisfactorily evaluated in this study. Particularly, NRF2 was found to have the potential to be a fundamental biomarker to assess the oxidative status of weaning kids.
