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Body weight and measurements of Akbas dogs in its nature work condition
(Ankara Univ Press, 2011) Atasoy, Fatih; Ugurlu, Mustafa; Ozarslan, Bora; Yakan, Akin
This study was carried out to determine body weight, some body and head measurements in different age and sex groups of Akbas dogs. The least squares means of body weights were found to be 41.66, 40.44 and 44.00 for Eskisehir, Sivrihisar and Golbasi regions; 40.05, 40.88, 43.20 and 43.06 for 1, 2, 3, 4 years of age and 43.78, 39.77 kg for male and female dogs respectively. Least squares means of wither heights were determined as 64.61, 64.20 and 64.46cm for regions, 63.37, 64.63, 64.74 and 64.75 cm for age groups; 66.36 and 62.30 cm for male and female groups respectively. These data were 64.47, 66.34, 67.38; 63.50, 67.44, 66.31, 66.84; 67.19, 64.98 cm for body lengths; 26.00, 26.34, 28.01, 24.93, 27.14, 27.94, 26.96; 27.34, 26.26cm for chest depths; 20.43, 20.41, 21.04; 18.85, 20.68, 21.86, 20.85; 20.89, 20.36 cm for chest widths; 82.63, 80.17, 82.66; 78.37, 81.86, 83.82, 83.67; 82.62, 80.41cm for hearth girths; 12.99, 13.25, 14.02; 13.37, 13.31, 13.56, 13.50; 13.91, 12.92 cm for front cannon bone circumference and 12.14, 12.26, 12,69; 12.20, 12.47, 12.54, 12,27; 12.72, 12.00 cm for hind cannon bone circumference respectively. The least squares means were 27.77, 27.36, 31.01; 27.77, 29.20, 28.78, 29.10; 29.43, 28.02 cm for head length; 10.74, 11.49, 14.17; 11.90, 12.98, 11.84, 12.02; 11.96, 12.45cm for muzzle length; 16.31, 15.82, 16.44; 15.07, 16.33, 16.54, 16.62; 16.71; 15,62cm for cars interval and 5.76, 5.64, 7.03; 6.08, 6.30, 6.15, 6.08; 6.26, 6.05cm for eyes interval respectively. The effects of region and sex on body weight, some body and head measurements were found statistically significant. In conclusion a small variation in body and head measurement was observed among regions. This circumferences put out the importance of protect and proliferation of this genetic sours in its nature regions Sivrihisar. The profile of this dog was found to be square that make it different with Kangals. On the contrary with the classic knowledge's only one Akbas dogs with the long coat was observed in this research that coming out the importance of put it under protection urgently.
Calcium fructoborate regulate colon cancer (Caco-2) cytotoxicity through modulation of apoptosis
(Wiley, 2022) Kisacam, Mehmet A.; Ambarcioglu, Pinar; Yakan, Akin
Sugar-borate esters have recently been reported to have anti-cancer potential. Among the sugar-borate esters, calcium fructoborate (CaFB) possesses beneficial effects on human health. Despite the beneficial effects of CaFB, there is a lack of knowledge about their mode of action in cancer. The potential cytotoxic effects of CaFB were investigated on colon cancer cells (Caco-2). The mode of action was determined through the evaluation of Fyn and Hck expression levels together with Bcl-2, Bax, and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins. CaFB treatment was found to be most effective on Caco-2 cells at 10 mM concentration for 24 h. Decreased Bcl-2 levels and increased Bax levels at 10 mM were evaluated as an indicator of apoptotic effects of CaFB. Akt, p70S6K, and 4EBP1 levels, in general, tend to decrease following CaFB, while PTEN and TSC2 levels have been found to increase. Furthermore, CaFB upregulated Hck expression and downregulated Fyn expression. In conclusion, our results indicated that CaFB treatment at 10 mM concentration, the IC50 dose found in our study, might prevent colon cancer cell proliferation both by inducing apoptosis and presumably by activating autophagy.
Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics of White and Multicolor Geese under Local Breeder Conditions
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2012) Yakan, Akin; Elmali, Dilek Aksu; Elmali, Mehmet; Sahin, Tarkan; Motor, Sedat; Can, Yesim
The purpose of this study was to define the meat quality characteristics of White and Multicolor geese under local breeder conditions. While carcass and edible offal percentages were similar breast, back and wing ratios were statistically different between White and Multicolor geese. Phenotypic color differentiation between geese varieties was reflected on both breast meat and skin (except a* value). While White geese had better values than Multicolor geese for saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid, Multicolor geese were higher than White geese for polyunsaturated fatty acid. Nutritive value of White variety was higher than Multicolor variety in breast meat, skin and abdominal fat.
Carcass and meat quality of lambs from thin-tailed and fat-tailed breeds at five different slaughter weights
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2022) Ekiz, Bulent; Kecici, P. Dilara; Ograk, Y. Ziya; Yalcintan, Hulya; Ozturk, Nursen; Yakan, Akin; Demirel, Gulcan
In lamb production, deciding the optimal slaughter weight (SW) has great importance on product quality. Aim of the study was to determine the optimum SW for lambs from a thin-tailed breed (Kivircik) and a fat-tailed breed (Kangal Akkaraman) in order to get high-quality meat and carcass. Kivircik (n=60) and Kangal Akkaraman (n=59) lambs were allotted to five SW groups (20, 28, 36, 44 and 52 kg). In Kivircik lambs, backfat thickness and fatness score gradually increased in parallel with the increase in SW, while the increase in the tail fat and kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF) proportions were observed by up to 36 kg. In Kangal Akkaraman lambs, evident increases in fatness parameters, except tail fat proportion, were observed when the SW increased from 44 kg to 52 kg. Meat pH, Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF) and cooking loss values were not influenced by SW in lambs of both breeds. As SW increased in Kivircik lambs, there was a significant decrease in meat lightness and an increase in yellowness. In Kangal Akkaraman breed, lambs slaughtered at 20 kg and 28 kg had higher L* values, and lower a* and C* values than those of other SW groups. In Kivircik lambs, the total PUFA proportion and the sigma PUFA/sigma SFA ratio were lower in SW-44 and SW-52 groups than those of SW-20 and SW-28 groups. Decreases of these parameters were in SW-52 group in Kangal Akkaraman lambs. In meat samples of both breeds, SW-52 groups had a lower sigma n-3 proportion and a higher sigma n-6 / sigma n-3 ratio than other SW groups. In Kivircik lambs, the panellists evaluated the meat of SW-20 and SW-28 groups as tender than those in SW-44 and SW-52 groups. In Kangal Akkaraman breed, flavour intensity in the meat of SW-52 lambs was higher than those of SW-20 and SW-28 groups. Results of the study indicate that slaughtering of lambs at 20 kg and 28 kg in both breeds provided better meat quality but caused lower carcass weight. Therefore, slaughtering Kivircik and Kangal Akkaraman lambs at 20 kg and 28 kg live weight might be recommended especially to farmers, who aimed to obtain high-quality lamb meat. In this case, it should not be ignored that the amount of meat produced will be less. On the other hand, slaughtering lambs at about 44 kg weight could be recommended to farmers, who aimed to obtain as much quality lamb carcasses as possible without any negative influence on meat quality.
CARCASS AND MEAT QUALITY OF MALE AND FEMALE WATER BUFFALOES FINISHED UNDER AN INTENSIVE PRODUCTION SYSTEM
(Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2018) Ekiz, Bulent; Yilmaz, Alper; Yalcintan, Hulya; Yakan, Akin; Yilmaz, Ismail; Soysal, Ihsan
Carcass and meat quality of male and female Anatolian water buffaloes were investigated using 10 carcasses from each gender. Gender had no influence on carcass characteristics, except warm carcass weight, which was 13% higher in males compared to females. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher ultimate pH and lightness (L*), but lower redness (a*) values than females. Meat samples aged for 21 days had lower values for expressed juice, cooking loss and Warner Bratzler shear force compared with those of 7-day aged ones. Meat samples aged for 21 days had higher L* value at 1 h and 24 h after cutting, a* value at 1 h after cutting compared with those of 7-day aged meat samples. Gender had no effect on meat sensory characteristics. Meat from male water buffaloes had higher proportions of C14:0, C18:3 n-3, C20:2 n-6, C20:3 n-3 and C20:4 n-6 and Sigma n-3 fatty acids and lower Sigma n-6/Sigma n-3 ratio compared with female water buffaloes.
Carcass and meat quality of organic lambs compared with lambs reared under traditional and intensive production systems
(Csiro Publishing, 2016) Kocak, Omur; Ekiz, Bulent; Yalcintan, Hulya; Yakan, Akin; Yilmaz, Alper
The aim of the study was to compare the meat quality characteristics of male lambs reared under organic (n = 9), intensive (n = 10) and traditional (n = 10) production systems. The average daily gain of organic lambs (121.4 g) was lower than lambs of intensive (161 g) and traditional (157.8 g) systems. Production system had no significant effect on carcass weight and dressing percentage. Differences among production systems for meat pH, drip loss, cooking loss, shear force value and colour characteristics were not significant. Traditional lambs had a higher percentage of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acid : saturated fatty acid ratio, whereas organic lambs had the highest percentage of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and the lowest n-6 : n-3 ratio. In accordance with the meat fatty acid composition, meat from the organic and traditional systems used here was healthier than meat from intensive system. But the results of sensory assessment indicate that meat from traditional system was found more acceptable by panellists in terms of flavour intensity, flavour acceptability and overall acceptability when compared with that of organic meat.
Carcass composition, meat quality and antibody levels in male and female Broiler chickens reared on low dietary protein
(Ankara Univ Press, 2010) Atasoy, Fatih; Yakan, Akin; Ugurlu, Mustafa; Unal, Necmettin; Aksu, Taylan; Cengiz, Seyda
This research was conducted at the University of Ankara, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Farm. The three hundred and sixty of one-day old chicks were seperated to male and female sex groups, and each sex group were also divided in to control, experiment I and 2 groups. Regimen feeding programme applied as crude protein 23.10 % from 1 to 11 days for all groups; 21.80, 20.20 and 18.40 % from 11 to 31 days for control, experiment I and 2 respectively. All groups were fed with % 18.40 crude protein from 32 to 47 days of age. Metabolic energy levels were 3117.80, 3083.69 and 3120.55 kcal / kg for all diet periods respectively. Animals were slaughtered at 40 and 47 days of age. Body weights at 47(th) day for males in experiment 1 and control groups were found similars (3075 ve 3086 g). The best feed conversion rate was found in males of experiment 1 groups (1.643 ve 1.763). Dressing, chilled dressing, breast, thigh and wing weights in males were found heavier (p<0.05, p<0.01) than females and similar in males of experiment I and control. The abdominal fat weight were high (p<0.001) in female and control groups. The average values estimated for the meat pH was similar in male and female as well as in experiments and control groups. Lightness, redness and yellowness (L*, a*, b*) values were high in females, water holding capacities were similar, cooking losses value was high in both male and experiments (p<0.01). While the crude protein values in experiment groups were high among groups, the intramuscular fat content was statistically similar. The percentage of crude ash and dry matter were Sigh (p<0.001) in control, the saturated fatty acid was similar, mono and polyunsaturated and omega-6 fatty acid were also similar or high in experiment groups. Antibody response to sheep red blood cell was found to be high (p<0.05) in control groups. In conclusion the body weight and feed conversion ratios were found high in male groups. The growth performance and carcass yield of male groups in experiment I were similar to control. There were no significant differences for meat quality and viability. Omega-6 in experiments over groups and antibody response in control were high. Hence sex separate rearing and diet programme in experiment I could be suggested in practical application.
Considering potential roles of selected MicroRNAs in evaluating subclinical mastitis and Milk quality in California mastitis test (+) and infected bovine milk
(Wiley, 2024) Ozkan, Huseyin; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Dalkiran, Sevda; Yuksel, Murat; Tek, Erhan; Yakan, Akin
This study investigates the relationships between subclinical mastitis and milk quality with selected microRNAs in cow milk. California Mastitis Test (CMT)-positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20) samples were compared (Experiment I). Additionally, samples with CMT-positive but microbiological-negative, as well as positive for only Staphylococcus subspecies (Staph spp.) and only Streptococcus subspecies (Strep spp.) were examined (Experiment II). Four groups were formed in Experiment II: Group I (CMT and microbiological-negative) (n = 20), Group II (CMT-positive but microbiological-negative) (n = 10), Group III (Staph spp.) (n = 5), Group IV (Strep spp.) (n = 5). While electrical conductivity, somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated and miR-125b downregulated in the CMT-positive group in Experiment I. SCC and MDA were higher in CMT-positive groups. miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated in Groups III and IV. While miR-155 is upregulated, miR-125b downregulated in Group IV. Milk fat is positively correlated with miR-148a and miR-223. As miR-27a-3p positively correlated with SCC and MDA, miR-125b negatively correlated with electrical conductivity and SCC. miR-148a and MDA were positively correlated. miR-155 was correlated with fat-free dry matter, protein, lactose, and freezing point. miR-223 was positively correlated with SCC and miR-148a. Results particularly highlight miR-27a-3p and miR-223 as potential biomarkers in subclinical mastitis, especially those caused by Staph spp. and Strep spp., while miR-148a, miR-155, and miR-223 stand out in determining milk quality.
Damascus kids' slaughter, carcass and meat quality traits in different production systems using antioxidant supplementation
(Elsevier, 2016) Yakan, Akin; Ates, Cafer Tayyar; Alasahan, Sema; Odabasioglu, Fuat; Unal, Necmettin; Ozturk, Oktay Hasan; Gungor, Omer Faruk
This study intended to investigate slaughter, carcass and meat quality characteristics of Damascus male kids reared under different production systems and antioxidant effect (Vit E). The kids, housed in pen groups and grazing groups, were equally divided for production systems and later each group was again equally divided for determination of Vit E effect. Production systems and Vit E were found to have no significant effect on slaughter and carcass traits. Differences between production systems were found significant for meat pH(24), water holding capacity, cooking loss, tenderness, ether-extractable lipid and some color characteristics and concentrate feed supplemented with Vit E was effective on TBARS values. Each of the fatty acids except C18:2 n6 was affected by the production system but Vit E influence was superior on long-chain fatty acids. Grazing kids had a lower percentage of total SFA, n6, n6/n3, AI and TI ratio, while kids housed in pens had the lowest percentage of total UFA, NV and n3 ratio. On the other hand, kids that consumed supplemental Vit E had a higher percentage of total UFA, ratio of UFA/SFA, n3 and lower percentage of SFA, ratio of n6/n3, AI, TI compared to the kids fed by non-supplemental concentrate feed with Vit E. In accordance with the meat fatty acid composition, meat obtained from the kids that grazed and consumed supplemental Vit E was healthier than that of those housed in pen kids and non-supplemental Vit E consumed kids. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of essential oil supplementation to diet on meat quality, fatty acid composition, performance parameters and intestinal microbiota of Japanese quails
(Wiley, 2021) Kurekci, Cemil; Ozsoy, Bulent; Hassan, Errol; Ozkan, Huseyin; Gundogdu, Aycan; Ozsoy, Sule Yurdagul; Yakan, Akin
The effect of essential oil (EO) supplementation on carcass characteristics of Japanese quails and interactions between ingredients and intestinal morphology were investigated in this study. A total of 250 quails were fed different diet: D1, basal diet (BD); D2, BD plus palmarosa oil (PO; 100 mu g/kg diet); D3, BD plus lemon myrtle oil (LMO; 100 mu g/kg diet); D4, BD plus alpha-Tops (mixture of alpha-terpineol, cineole and terpinene-4-ol; 100 mu g/kg diet); and D5, BD plus cyclodextrin. Overall growth performance was determined at multiple time points during 35 days of experiment. Carcass characteristics (fatty acid, pH and colour), intestinal morphology and the expression levels of meat quality-related genes including the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), myogenin and avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) were examined at the end of the trial. Additionally, intestinal microbiome of quails was studied by next-generation sequencing-based culture-independent analysis. Although the inclusion of EOs into the diet had no effect on the growth performance of quails and the microbial profile, the significant changes in pH(24)and colour (a*) of the quail's breast muscle (p < .05) in the group receiving PO were observed. Additionally, oleic acid content in the breast muscle was significantly higher in the EOs supplemented groups (p < .01). Quails fed the PO supplemented diet had higher villus and relatively rich in oleic acid. The expression levels of IGF-1 and myogenin genes in quail's muscle were not affected, but the expression of avUCP gene was significantly lower in quails fed with LMO and alpha-Tops (p < .05). The results demonstrated variable effects of these treatments on intestinal morphology. Taken together, dietary inclusion of EOs is found to be beneficial and hence can be recommended for improving the quality of poultry meat.
Effects of Oxidative Stress-Related Major Molecular Parameters on Milk Composition in Weaning Period of Damascus Goats [1]
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2022) Ozkan, Huseyin; Dalkiran, Sevda; Karaaslan, Irem; Kaya, Ufuk; Camdeviren, Baran; Yuksel, Murat; Yakan, Akin
The weaning process in goat breeding is applied in various methods depending on the breeding administration. In this study, blood and milk samples have been collected from Damascus goats at the weaning day (postpartum 105th day-weaned day) and a week later (post-weaned day). In addition to determining cortisol and MDA in plasma, COX-2 and NFE2L2 activities have been investigated both mRNA and protein levels from leucocytes and plasma. Compositional parameters of milk have also been analyzed and the possible relations between studied parameters have been investigated. While expression levels of COX-2 and SCC of milk decreased, pH of milk was increased in post-weaned day samples. The MDA, FFDM, protein, lactose and freezing point were decreased in the post-weaned day. Milk fat was negatively correlated with NFE2L2, and milk protein had positively correlated with SCC and FFDM. On the other hand, lactose was positively correlated with FFDM and protein. In addition, most of the compositional parameters positively correlated with a freezing point; they were negatively correlated with electrical conductivity. According to the results obtained from the study, it is thought that the decrease in milk fat in goats may be an indicator of increased oxidative stress in lactating goats due to the increase in NFE2L2 protein, which has a central role in the antioxidant response.
Effects of propylene glycol used at different doses in Akkaraman lambs rations on metabolism-related parameters and liver gene and protein expression during different feeding periods
(Wiley, 2023) Yakan, Akin; Ozkan, Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Dalkiran, Sevda; Karaaslan, Irem; Unal, Necmettin
This study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of propylene glycol (PG) over 60, 90, and 120 days in lambs. Seventy-two weaned male lambs were allocated into three groups: control (Con), PG1.5 (1.5 mL/kg live weight0.75), and PG3 (3 mL/kg live weight0.75). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and slaughter days. Biochemical parameters (glucose, triglycerides, ALT, AST, LDH, BUN, and insulin) and gene and protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), diacylglycerol o-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP), and sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c) in the liver were determined. Glucose in PG1.5 was increased on Day 60, while significant differences were observed in biochemical parameters except for insulin on the 60, 90, and 120 days. Biochemical parameters such as ALT, AST, LDH, and BUN increased over time, while triglycerides decreased. DGAT1 gene and protein levels were lower, while SREBP-1c and PPAR gamma were higher in PG groups on Day 60. While SREBP-1c was lower in PG1.5, ChREBP was higher in PG3 on Day 90. PPAR gamma, DGAT1, and ChREBP were upregulated in PG3 on Day 120. Positive correlations were found between proteins. The long-term use of PG in lambs did not have detrimental effects on metabolism. The study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of PG in lambs, shedding light on its potential applications in lamb production.
The effects of the feeding duration of propylene glycol on major meat quality parameters and substantial proteins in the muscle of Akkaraman lambs
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Yakan, Akin; Ozkan, Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Karaaslan, Irem; Dalkiran, Sevda; Akcay, Aytac
In this study, the effects of propylene glycol (PG) on meat quality and molecular pathways related to energy metabolism in longissimus lumborum muscle on lambs were evaluated. Seventy-two lambs were divided into three groups consisting of 60th, 90th, and 120th of slaughter days. The dosage of the PG and slaughter days were the variables used in the study. Eight animals were slaughtered from each group on each day. The meat quality parameters (e.g., pH, protein, fatty acid profile) and IGF-1, IGFBP4, and DGAT1 (i.e., mRNA and protein levels) were evaluated. The pH 45 min post-slaughter was higher in PG groups on 120th day. On the 4th day after slaughter, the b value was the lowest in the PG3, while 7th day after slaughter it was highest in Con and PG3 on 90th day. The total n3 and n6 were lowest and the NV was highest on 120th day. The IGFBP4 was upregulated in the PG groups on all of the slaughter days. The DGAT1 was upregulated in the PG3 on the 90th day. The IGF-1, DGAT1, IGFBP4 protein levels were found to have increased in the PG3 on 90th day. The IGFBP4 was found to have decreased in the PG3 on 120th day. According to the results of the study, the oral administration of the PG at the 3 mL/kg live weight0.75 for at least 120 days may have positive effects on meat quality in lambs through the IGF-1, DGAT1, and IGFBP4 genes and the proteins encoded by these genes.
Expression patterns of major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation, oxidative stress pathways from colostrum to milk in Damascus goats
(Nature Portfolio, 2021) Yakan, Akin; Ozkan, Huseyin; Camdeviren, Baran; Kaya, Ufuk; Karaaslan, Irem; Dalkiran, Sevda
The molecular regulation of milk secretion and quality in the transition period from colostrum to milk in goats is largely unknown. In the present study, mammary gland secretion of goats was collected in 0th, 4th, 7th, 14th and 28th days after parturition. In addition to composition and fatty acid profile of colostrum or milk, FASN, SCD, ACACA, COX-2, NRF2, TLR2, NF-kB, LTF and PTX3 genes expression patterns were determined from milk somatic cells. While somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA), fat, fat-free dry matter, protein and lactose were highest as expression levels of the oxidative and inflammatory genes, freezing point and electrical conductivity were lowest in colostrum. With the continuation of lactation, most of the fatty acids, n3 ratio, and odour index increased but C14:0 and C16:0 decreased. While FASN was upregulated almost threefolds in 14th day, ACACA was upregulated more than fivefolds in 7th and 14th days. Separately, the major genes in fatty acid synthesis, inflammation and oxidative stress were significantly associated with each other due to being positively correlated. MDA was positively correlated with SCC and some of the genes related inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were determined between SCC and fatty acid synthesis related genes. With this study, transition period of mammary secretion was particularly clarified at the molecular levels in Damascus goats.
Finishing performance and meat fatty acid composition of hair goat and saanen × hair goat crossbred (F1 and B1) kids
(Istanbul University, 2014) Ekiz, Bulent; Yilmaz, Alper; Yakan, Akin; Kaptan, Cuneyt; Hanoglu, Hulya
In this study; the finishing performance of Hair Goat and Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred (F1 and B1) kids and fatty acid composition of kid meats were investigated comparatively. Nine purebred Hair Goat, seven Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred (F1) and eight Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred (B1) male kids formed the material of this study. The kids were started to fattenning approximately at 75 days of age following a week for adoptation to feed. The finishing period lasted for 8 weeks. At the end of the 56 days in the finishing period the Hair Goat kids, Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred kids (F1 and B1) gained 2.77, 2.82 and 1.39 kg live weight, respectively (P>0.05) and the consumed feed for 1 kg of live weight gain were observed 10.76, 10.31 and 19.94 kg respectively. Between the genotype groups individual saturated fatty acids (SFA) and total SFA rate differences for M. longissimus dorsi were not significant (P>0.05). While monounsaturated fatty acid C17:1 and C18:1 differences were not found significant between the genotype groups (P>0.05); proportion of C14:1 and C16:1 were higher in Hair Goat kids than crossbred kids (P<0.05). The individual polysaturated fatty acid (PUFA), total PUFA, total n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA rate differences were not significant (P<0.05) between Hair Goat kids and Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred kids (F1 and B 1). The PUFA/SFA ratio in Hair Goat and crossbred kids (F1 and B1) were determined as 0.19, 0.29 and 0.29, respectively (P>0.05); also the n-6:n-3 PUFA ratios were found 4.52, 4.37 and 5.26, respectively (P>0.05). These results indicate that crossbreeding of does from Saanen × Hair cross (F1) and purebred Hair Goat genotypes with purebred Saanen bucks did not result in significant alterations in meat fatty acid composition. As a result; for the purpose of increasing the goat kid meat production in Marmara Region, the intensive finishing of Hair Goat kids and Saanen × Hair Goat crossbred kids (F1 and B1) immediately after the weaning at 2.5 months of age is not recommended due to low finishing performance for all genotype groups.
Genotype, production system and sex effects on fatty acid composition of meat from goat kids
(Wiley, 2015) Ozcan, Mustafa; Demirel, Gulcan; Yakan, Akin; Ekiz, Bulent; Tolu, Cemil; Savas, Turker
Two trials were performed to assess the meat fatty acid profile of goat kids from different genotypes, production systems and sex. In the first trial, genotype effect was determined in 24 suckling male kids from Turkish Saanen, Maltese and Gokceada breeds. In the second trial, male and female Gokceada Goat kids were used to compare the effect of extensive and semi-intensive production systems on fatty acid composition of meat. Significant genotype effect was observed in the percentages of myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0), oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3), arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3), despite no differences on the ratios of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) and n-6/n-3 (P>0.05). The effect of production system had also significant effects on fatty acids, but sex only influenced significantly stearic acid (C18:0), C18:1 n-9 and C18:3 n-3 fatty acids and total PUFA level and PUFA/SFA ratio. This study confirms that dairy breeds are prone to produce higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids in their muscle. Meanwhile, meat from Gokceada goat kids, which is one of the indigenous breeds in Turkey, had similar PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 ratios to Turkish Saanen and Maltase.
The levels of milk fatty acids and alterations of correlations between them in weaning process in damascus goats
(Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2022) Ozkan, Huseyin; Karaaslan, Irem; Kaya, Ufuk; Dalkiran, Sevda; Yuksel, Murat; Yakan, Akin
Weaning in goat breeding is applied with varying periods and practices. During lactation stages, there are notable changes in the fatty acid profile of goat milk. Weaning is one of the potential breeding practices that may affects the milk fatty acid profile in goats. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in fatty acid profile of milk during weaning process in Damascus goats. Possible changes in the relationships between milk fatty acids and Somatic Cell Score (SCS) were also investigated in the study. Milk samples were collected during morning milking from 24 healthy Damascus goats in the weaned day ( WD) and one week after the weaning (Post Weaned Day, PWD). SCS and fatty acid profile of collected milk samples in both sampled days were determined. Nutritive value, odour and atherogenic indexes of milk samples were also evaluated. While SCS was dramatically decreased after weaning, significant changes at varying levels were determined in milk fatty acids. The levels of C10:0, C12:0, C16:0, and C20:5 n3 fatty acids were lower in the PWD samples than the WD samples, while C11:0, C16:1 n7, C17:0, C17:1 n8, C18:1 n9, C20:0, C20:3 n6, C21:0, C23:0, and C24:0 fatty acids were found at higher levels. Compared to WD samples, Long-chained Fatty Acids (LCFA), Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA), Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA), and Nutritive value parameters were higher in PWD samples. On the other hand, Medium-Chained Fatty Acids (MCFA), Saturated-Fatty Acids (SFA), and atherogenic index were found lower in PWD samples than WD samples. Furthermore, it was determined that the correlations between the fatty acids in milk were changed after weaning application. It was determined that the weaning process had considerable effects on the milk fatty acid profile, and it was thought that the milk quality of Damascus goats increased significantly after weaning application.
Nobiletin attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatorenal toxicity in rats
(Wiley, 2020) Guvenc, Mehmet; Cellat, Mustafa; Gokcek, Ishak; Ozkan, Huseyin; Arkali, Gozde; Yakan, Akin; Ozsoy, Sule Yurdagul
The study aimed to examine the effects of nobiletin on the toxicity model induced with acetaminophen (APAP). For this purpose, 24 adult male rats were equally divided into four groups. The groups were the control group (group 1); dimethyl sulfoxide only, the APAP group (group 2) received a single dose of APAP 1000 mg/kg on the 10th day of experiment; the Nobiletin group (group 3), nobiletin (10 mg/kg) for 10 days; and the APAP + Nobiletin group (group 4), nobiletin (10 mg/kg) for 10 days with a single dose of APAP (1000 mg/kg) administered on the 10th day and the experiment ended after 48 hours. At the end of the study, a significant increase in malondialdehyde, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and a significant decrease in glutathione levels, glutathione peroxidase activities and nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expressions were observed with APAP application in liver and kidney tissues. Serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels were also significantly increased in the APAP group. However, nobiletin treatment in group 4 reversed oxidative stress and inflammatory and histopathological signs caused by APAP. It is concluded that nobiletin may be a beneficial substance that confers hepatorenal protection to APAP-induced toxicity via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Nobiletin Protects from Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Suppressing Inflammatory Cytokines and Regulating iNOS-eNOS Expressions
(Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2020) Guvenc, Mehmet; Cellat, Mustafa; Uyar, Ahmet; Ozkan, Hueseyin; Gokcek, Ishak; Isler, Cafer Tayer; Yakan, Akin
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is an organ failure caused by hypoxia and reperfusion, which is closely associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether nobiletin had protective effects on inflammatory parameters, oxidative damage, iNOS-eNOS expressions, and histopathological structure of renal tissue in rats with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. For this purpose, 24 rats were divided into 4 groups: group 1 (Control), group 2 (Ischemia-Reperfusion-IR), group 3 (Nobiletin-10 mg/kg p.o.), group 4 (Nobiletin + IR). The study was continued for 7 days. At the end of the study, urea (p < 0.05), creatine (p < 0.05), MDA (p < 0.001), TNF-alpha (p < 0.001), IL-1 beta (p < 0.05), and IL-6 (p < 0.001) levels increased in the IR group; however, a significant decrease occurred in group 4 (Nobiletin + IR) and it reached the control group levels. In the IR group, GSH (p < 0.01) levels, and GSH.Px (p < 0.01) and CAT (p < 0.05) activities decreased whereas they increased significantly in group 4 (Nobiletin + IR) and reached the same levels as the control group. In histopathological analyses, destruction and increased iNOS-eNOS expressions in the IR group showed a significant decrease in group 4 (Nobiletin + IR). As a result, the application of nobiletin has shown that it has protective effects by reducing kidney damage caused by IR injury.
Paddock Behaviors and Dominance Relationships of Young Male Horses The First Hour in the Morning and Again in the Afternoon
(Medwell Online, 2012) Yakan, Akin; Akcay, Aytac; Durmaz, Serhan; Aksu, Taylan; Ozturk, Hasan
The time budget, frequency of physiological necessities and factors related to dominance rank were studied in Cold Blooded Breed (CBB) and Warm Blooded Breed (WBB) male horses. The subjects were investigated during the 1st h in a paddock after confinement in the morning and again in the afternoon. Proportion of feeding. was the largest among time budget activities and significantly different (p<0.05) between observation periods. Proportions of locomotion, resting and playing were statistically different (p<0.05; p<0.01 and p<0.001) between both breeds and both observation periods. No differences were found for living activities such feeding, drinking and elimination (urination and defecation) between the CBB and WBB horses. Dominance hierarchy was linear and positively correlated (p<0.01) with weight but not serum testosterone levels and age. The results showed that feeding activity was very important at the 1st h in the paddock. Additionally, the weight of the colts had an effect on dominance rank.

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