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Öğe Endangered swamp forests in Turkey-an ecological inventory, prospects, and challenges(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Öztürk, Münir; Altay, Volkan; Yarci, Celal; Yücel, Ersin; Kutbay, Hamdi G.Six swamp forests in Turkey have been evaluated as "Important Plant Areas. " In all 44 plant taxa are distributed on these sites. Out of these naturally distributed taxa, 12 are endemics (2 listed in the Bern species) and 32 are classified as rare (4 Bern species). In the phytosociological studies conducted on these habitats in Turkey, 18 plant communities have been reported. Out of these, 10 plant communities have been recorded from the "Euxine region" in Turkey. All of these belong to the class Salici purpureae-Populetea nigrae. Only one plant community belongs to the class Querco-Fagetea. In the Mediterranean region, there are 2 plant communities belonging to the class Alno-Populetea, whereas 5 plant communities are included in the class Molinio-Juncetea. As an important ecological heritage these forests have been separated as protected areas in Turkey, but are still facing a threat due to unsustainable human activities. We aim here to evaluate the impact of current and potential changes in the near future, the scope of sustainability, floristics, ecological, and syntaxonomic analysis of swamp forests in Turkey vis-a-vis the prospects and challenges regarding these ecologically unique forests. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.Öğe Phytoecological and Phytosociological Investigations of the Vegetation of Golcuk (Kocaeli/Turkey)(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2012) Altay, Volkan; Serin, Memduh; Yarci, Celal; Severoglu, ZekiThis study was conducted to determine the phytoecological and phytosociological characteristics of the vegetation which is distributed in Golcuk District (Kocaeli/Turkey) and put forward its syntaxonomy. Field studies has been carried out by using the classic Braun-Blanquet method in the years of 2005-2007. Two associations belonging to macchia vegetation and three associations belonging to forest vegetation were determined from the investigation area. Four of these associations are new and their description, typification and syntaxonomy has been done. Phytosociological and phytoecological features of these associations were discussed and compared to their relatives. The associations described arc as follows: Maquis vegetation, 1. Associations: Ferulago confusae-Quercetum cocciferae ass. nova 2. Associations: Erico arborae-Phillyretum latifoliae ass. nova Forest vegetation, 3. Associations: Carici serratulae-Quercetum ibericae ass. nova 4. Associations: Smilaco-Castanetum sativae Ketenoglu, Tug and Kurt 2010 5. Associations: Cardamino tenerae-Fagetum orientalis ass. novaÖğe Plant communities in urban habitats of Istanbul-Turkey(2012) Altay, Volkan; Özyi?it, Ibrahim Ilker; Yarci, CelalThis study aims to analyze and classify distribution of urban vegetation as plant communities in Anatolian Side of Istanbul Turkey. The study was carried out in all districts of the Anatolian side excluding Şile and in total, 223 quadrates were recorded during 2004-2009 vegetation periods. Braun-Blanquet method was used for classification. As a result of the study, a total of 13 plant communities distributed in the study area was found. The plant groups were; Sarcopoterium spinosum, Erica manipuliflora, Tordylium apulum, Sinapis arvensis, Rapistrum rugosum, Carduus pycnocephalus, Carduus nutans, Centaurea iberica, Centaurea solstitialis subsp. solstitialis, Rumex crispus, Ammi visnaga, Cichorium intybus and Parietaria judaica. The floristic, ecologic and syntaxonomic analyses of these plant groups were realized and their distributions in the study area were given. Additionally, some soil properties such as maximum water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, CaCO3, P2O5, K2O and texture (sand, silt and clay) were analyzed. The formation and development conditions of them were described and discussed at the end of the paper. Protection against damage of this vegetation or at least protection of the existent situation was presented as suggestions.Öğe PLANT COMMUNITIES IN URBAN HABITATS OF ISTANBUL-TURKEY(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2012) Altay, Volkan; Ozyigit, Ibrahim Ilker; Yarci, CelalThis study aims to analyze and classify distribution of urban vegetation as plant communities in Anatolian Side of Istanbul Turkey. The study was carried out in all districts of the Anatolian side excluding Sue and in total, 223 quadrates were recorded during 2004-2009 vegetation periods. Braun-Blanquet method was used for classification. As a result of the study, a total of 13 plant communities distributed in the study area was found. The plant groups were; Sarcopoterium spinosum, Erica manipuliflora, Tordylium apulum, Sinapis arvensis, Rapistrum rugosum, Carduus pycnocephalus, Carduus matins, Centaurea iberica, Centaurea solstitialis subsp. solstitialis, Rumex crispus, Ammi visnaga, Cichorium intybus and Parietaria judaica. The floristic, ecologic and syntaxonomic analyses of these plant groups were realized and their distributions in the study area were given. Additionally, some soil properties such as maximum water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, CaCO3, P2O5, K2O and texture (sand, silt and clay) were analyzed. The formation and development conditions of them were described and discussed at the end of the paper. Protection against damage of this vegetation or at least protection of the existent situation was presented as suggestions.Öğe Some ecological characteristics and the flora of Gölcük District and its environs (Kocaeli-Turkey)(2011) Severo?lu, Zeki; Altay, Volkan; Özyi?it, Ibrahim Ilker; Keskin, Mustafa; Serin, Memduh; Yarci, Celal; Yaşar, ÜlkühanSome ecological characteristics and the flora of Gölcük District and its environs are represented in this study. All the greenery in the district during 2006 to 2009 vegetation seasons was explored. Plant samples were collected, dried, labeled, and determined according to the standard herbarium methods. At the end of the study, 461 species belonging to 295 genera and 85 families were identified. Seven of the identified taxa belonged to Pteridophyta while 454 belonged to Spermatopyta divisions. Eight taxa were Gymnospermae and 446 taxa were Angiospermae members (386 of them Dicots and 60 of them Monocots) in the Spermatophyta division. In addition, four taxa were endemics, so the endemism ratio was 0.87%. The most commonly found plant taxa were in Fabaceae family with 57 taxa (12.36%), and other families; Asteraceae 50 taxa (10.85%), Poaceae 33 taxa (7.16%), Rosaceae 22 taxa (4.77%) and Brassicaceae 21 taxa (4.56%). Species containing the highest number of genera were represented with Trifolium (14 taxa, 3.04%), Lathyrus (12 taxa, 2.60%), Vicia (nine taxa, 1.95%) and Quercus (eight taxa, 1.74%) respectively. Life forms were found in the following categories: hemicryptophytes (33.41%), therophytes (32.97%), phanerophytes (18.66%), geophytes (12.80%) and chamaephytes (2.16%). Phytogeographical origins of the taxa were as follows; 98 taxa (21.26%) were from Euro-Siberian elements (including Euxine), 57 taxa (12.36%) consisted of Mediterranean elements (including East Mediterranean), four taxa (0.87%) were of Irano-Turanian origin. Finally, 97 taxa (21.04%) were widespread and 9 taxa (1.95%) were cosmopolitan while phytogeographical origins of 302 taxa were unknown. © 2011 Academic Journals.Öğe Urban flora and ecological characteristics of the Kartal District (Istanbul): A contribution to urban ecology in Turkey(Academic Journals, 2010) Altay, Volkan; Ozyigit, Ibrahim Ilker; Yarci, CelalFor years, ecologists who have been trying to understand the relationship between the organisms with each other and/or their environments, have carried out their researches sometimes far from civilization, sometimes on a desolate island or in a tropical rainforest. Today, about half of the world's population lives in urban areas. Therefore, most of the ecological problems have been brought to these areas. Nevertheless, in cities, preserving and maintaining natural habitats, providing a place not only to live but also to enjoy and to relax, are possible only by applying the principles and concepts of urban ecology in planning. This study presents the outcomes of unplanned urbanization and possible preventive measures, which could be taken in the Kartal District, Istanbul-Turkey. Moreover, in this study, different kinds of urban habitats within the frontiers of Kartal were described and an inventorial study containing native, exotic and cultivated plant taxa were realized. For this plant inventory of the Kartal District, all the greenery in the area were explored in different seasons. Plant samples were collected, dried, labelled and then determined according to standard herbarium procedures. In the present study, totally 576 plant taxa were determined, whereas 477 (395 species, 51 subspecies and 31 varieties) of them were natural and 99 were exotic and cultivated. The most native taxa were in the Asteraceae family (50 species), while the most found kind of exotic plant family was Rosaceae (16 species). The archaeophyte and neophyte plants in these taxa, endemic, rare, endangered, medicinal and poisonous species were also mentioned. Furthermore, the necessity of having ecological studies become widespread in urban areas, initially in Istanbul and later in other places was emphasized in the study.Öğe Urban vegetation of the Anatolian side of Istanbul(Gebruder Borntraeger, 2020) Altay, Volkan; Silc, Urban; Yarci, Celal; Kavgaci, Ali; Carni, Andraz; Ozturk, MunirAims: We present the first survey of plant communities of Istanbul, their classification and syntaxonomy with main environmental drivers that shape them. Study area: Anatolian (Asian) part of Istanbul, Turkey. Methods: We collected 442 vegetation releves according to Braun-Blanquet method. Cluster analysis and ordination of the dataset were performed to assess particular vegetation patterns. Diagnostic species of each cluster were determined using the fidelity measure (phi-coefficient). Site conditions were presented by ecological indicator values. Results: The analysed dataset shows clear division into six classes. They represent typical weed plant community (Digitario sanguinalis-Eragrostietea minoris), annual (Sisymbrietea, Chenopodietea) and perennial ruderal vegetation (Artemisietea vulgaris, Epilobietea angustifolii), and higher successional stadia (Charabdido-Asphodeletea). Conclusions: Our survey of urban vegetation of Istanbul is the first attempt of urban vegetation classification in Turkey. We showed high diversity of vegetation due to various human impacts and Istanbul's location on the crossroads of different phytogeographical regions.Öğe Vegetation ecology of the Princes' Islands, Istanbul-Turkey(Triveni Enterprises, 2015) Ozyigit, Serpil; Altay, Volkan; Ozyigit, Ibrahim Ilker; Yarci, CelalThe aim of this paper was to evaluate phytoecological and phytosociological characteristics of the vegetation distributed in Princes' Islands (Istanbul/Turkey). Field studies were carried out during 20022010 following the classical Braun-Blanquet method. The data obtained from the research area on characteristics of two associations belonging to maquis vegetation was analyzed. One of these associations was new and its detailed description, typification and syntaxonomy are mentioned. The associations identified were: Arbuto unedonis - Phillyretum latifoliae ass. nova and Phillyreo latifoliae-Pinetum brutiae. The physical and chemical characteristics of soil like saturation (%), pH, P2O, (kg dal, K2O (kg da(-1)), CaCO2(%), total salt (%) and organic matter (%) are presented as well. Relationship between vegetation, ecological characteristics and their protection against biotic pressures were discussed together with phytosociological and phytoecological features of the associations and was compared with similar other studies.
