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    Apigenin alleviates neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Yarim, Gul Fatma; Kazak, Filiz; Yarim, Murat; Sozmen, Mahmut; Genc, Bugra; Ertekin, Ali; Gokceoglu, Ayris
    Purpose of the study The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of apigenin on inflammatory response in brain tissue in Parkinson's mouse model. Materials and methods Parkinson's disease model was induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Sixty 8-10-weeks-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups control, Parkinson, prophylaxis, and treatment. Control (0.9% NaCl 0.5 ml, 10 days, i.p.), Parkinson (25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days, i.p.), prophylaxis (50 mg/kg apigenin, 5 days + 25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days, i.p.), and treatment (25 mg/kg MPTP, 5 days + 50 mg/kg apigenin, 5 days). The expressions and protein levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1-beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were determined using immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis. Results Apigenin administration attenuated MPTP-induced histopathological changes in brain tissue. Furthermore, apigenin reversed the changes in expressions and concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-beta. Conclusion This study suggests that apigenin could be used as a neuroprotective option to attenuate neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.
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    Epidermal growth factor concentration in milk of healthy water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
    (Urmia Univ, 2022) Kazak, Filiz; Yarim, Gul Fatma; Gokceoglu, Ayris; Delmecioglu, Mehmet Kemal; Yarim, Murat
    Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has biological roles, including embryonic organ development, breast morphogenesis, breast cell proliferation, and mammary development. This study aimed to measure EGF concentration and evaluate its relationship with somatic cell count (SCC) in healthy water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) milk. The study material was constituted of 120 milk samples obtained from 30 healthy water buffaloes between the ages of 3 -6 years, negative for California mastitis test and SCC less than 3.00 x 105 cells mL-1 milk. In milk serum samples, the EGF concentration was measured using a bovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Epidermal growth factor concentration in the buffalo milk was ranged from 4.30 to 9.80 ng mL-1, with a mean of 8.30 & PLUSMN; 1.50 ng mL-1. Positive correlation between milk SCC values and EGF concentrations was recorded in water buffaloes. Further research is required to evaluate the content of milk EGF in different species of animals because of the EGF effective role in mammary gland and intestinal mucosa.(C) 2022 Urmia University. All rights reserved.
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    Hesperidin alleviates inflammation in the metabolic syndrome model
    (Univ Zagreb Vet Faculty, 2024) Kazak, Filiz; Yarim, Gul Fatma; Anadol, Elvan; Salt, Ayris
    In metabolic syndrome, activated inflammatory signaling pathways trigger the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Nowadays, the use of natural bioactive compounds is trending as an alternative method for the treatment and management of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of hesperidin in the metabolic syndrome model by analyzing the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in serum and liver. Rats were divided into 4 groups: Control (Rats were fed a standard chow diet and water ad libitum), hesperidin [Rats were fed hesperidin supplemented standard chow diet (1%, 10 g/kg feed) and water ad libitum] metabolic syndrome (Rats were fed standard chow diet with 10% fructose-added-drinking-water), and metabolic syndrome + hesperidin (Rats were fed a hesperidin-added standard chow diet (1%, 10 g/kg) with 10% fructose-added-drinking-water). Rats were sacrificed under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia, blood was obtained and liver tissues were removed. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and transforming growth factor-beta in the serum and liver were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the metabolic syndrome group, higher tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-6, but lower serum and liver interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-beta were found in the serum and liver compared to the control group. In addition, in the metabolic syndrome + factor-beta were found in the serum and liver compared to the metabolic syndrome groups. Consequently, hesperidin response in the metabolic syndrome rat model.
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    Investigation of Acute Phase Reactants and Antioxidant Capacity in Calves Infected with Cryptosporidium parvum
    (Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2017) Cenesiz, Metin; Sagkan Ozturk, Aliye; Dalgin, Duygu; Yarim, Gul Fatma; Ciftci, Gulay; Ozdemir, Ramazan; Guzel, Murat
    Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic infection contaminating via fecal-oral route. Cryptosporidium parvum has a wide host prevalance, but is more epidemic in calves. This disease courses with high morbidity and mortality resulting considerable economic losses. In this study, halofuginon (100 mu g /kg/day for 7 days) was applied to calves infected with C. parvum and the effect of this treatment on acute phase proteins and antioxidant capacity were investigated. Study group was comprised of sera of 10 Holstein calves aged 1-3 weeks, infected with C. parvum. Blood samples were obtained from the animals before and after treatment of 7 days and serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (CP), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities were measured in sera. Obtained data showed that there was no statistical difference between pre and post treatment SAA, CRP and MDA levels, but a decrease was determined in post treatment Hp (P<0.001) and CP (P<0.05) levels, with ADA (P<0.05) and SOD (P<0.001) activities. Eventually, it was determined that ADA and SOD activities and Hp and CP levels decreases by treatment in calves infected with C. parvum.
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    Investigation of the effect of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruit extract against cisplatin-induced renal cell injury in vitro
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2017) Yarim, Gul Fatma; Kazak, Filiz; Sozmen, Mahmut; Koca, Ilkay; Albayrak, Harun; Yarim, Murat; Cenesiz, Sena
    Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of cornelian cherry fruit extract against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity in vitro. Materials and methods: African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero) were incubated with 100 mg/mL of cornelian cherry fruit extract, 50 mu mol/L of cisplatin or 50 mu mol/L of cisplatin plus 100 mg/mL of cornelian cherry fruit extract for 4 h. The wells containing cells without any supplementation served as control. Cell viability was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide assay. Culture mediums were collected, centrifuged and analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Results: The cell viability was 59% in cells co-treated with cisplatin and cornelian cherry fruit extract simultaneously and 42% in cisplatin treated cells. The cellular damage ratio was elevated in cells treated with cisplatin. However, when cisplatin combined with cornelian cherry fruit extract the deleterious effects of cisplatin were significantly decreased. The MDA concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05), GSH concentration and GPx and SOD activities were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in cisplatin treated group when compared with control group, cornelian cherry group, and cisplatin + cornelian cherry group. Conclusion: The present study indicated that cornelian cherry fruit extract exert protective effects on oxidative damage in vitro induced by cisplatin.
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    Neuroprotective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in mice: Involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2017) Kazak, Filiz; Yarim, Gul Fatma
    Neuroinflammation is the inflammation of nervous tissue that can lead to neurodegeneration. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin which affects growth, function and survival of neurons, enhances the stabilization of synapses, regulates synaptic function and branching of dendrites and axons. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is believed to be involved in the pathophysiology of central nervous system (CNS) diseases associated with neuroinflamation. The aim of this study was to investigate new protective and therapeutic effect of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) in neuroinflammation. Acetyl-L-carnitine was administered into Swiss Albino mice as 100 mg/kg/day and 300 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Neuroinflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Histopathological findings associated with ALCAR administration on neuroinflammation in the brain were determined. Moreover, the effects of ALCAR on BDNF concentration in the brain tissue was evaluated. The LPS administration showed higher microglial activation in the brain of LPS, 100A+ LPS and 300A + LPS groups compared to that in the control (p <0.05). In the 100A + LPS group, microglial activation was lower and BDNF concentration was higher than in the 300A +LPS group (p > 0.05). The findings suggest that the dose of ALCAR at 100 mg/kg/day i.p. may have a beneficial effect on LPS-induced neuroinflammation in mice. As a conclusion, ALCAR may be used as an optional neuroprotective and therapeutic agent to attenuate inflammatory damage in the CNS regarding BDNF, in a dose dependent manner. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Protective and therapeutic effects of nobiletin against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Kazak, Filiz; Coskun, Pinar; Yarim, Gul Fatma; Baspinar, Nuri; Ozdemir, Ozgur; Ates, Mehmet Burak; Altug, Muhammed Enes
    Possible protective and therapeutic effects of nobiletin on kidney in a cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity rat model were investigated. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: control, cisplatin (CIS), cisplatin+nobiletin (CIS+NOB), and nobiletin+cisplatin (NOB+CIS). At the end of the study, the rats were subjected to biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical analyzes. Compared to the control group, tGSH (p < 0.05) levels, and G6PD (p < 0.05) and GPx (p < 0.001) activities, were increased in the CIS group; while significant (p < 0.05) decreases occurred in the MDA and TOC levels. Histopathologically, the kidneys of the groups administered nobiletin (CIS+NOB, NOB+CIS) were significantly different from the CIS group, being closer to control group in terms of degeneration and hyaline cylinder formation in the tubules (p < 0.05). While dilatation in the tubules, protein-rich fluid and hyaline cylinder formation in the lumen were most common in the CIS group, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of these parameters was seen in the nobiletin groups (CIS+NOB, NOB+CIS). This study suggests that nobiletin can be effective in preventing and ameliorating toxic effects of cisplatin on the kidney.
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    Protective effects of nobiletin on cisplatin induced neurotoxicity in rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Kazak, Filiz; Akalin, Pinar Peker; Yarim, Gul Fatma; Baspinar, Nuri; Ozdemir, Ozgur; Ates, Mehmet Burak; Altug, Muhammed Enes
    Objectives This study was designed to investigate the possible antioxidant, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects of nobiletin on cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity rat model by evaluating neurotrophins, antioxidants and histopathology. Methods Forty male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups: control, cisplatin (CIS), cisplatin + nobiletin (CIS + NOB) and nobiletin + cisplatin (NOB + CIS). CIS + NOB was applied nobiletin (10 mg/kg, i.p.) during the last four days whereas NOB + CIS was applied nobiletin during the first four days of the study. Cisplatin (4 mg/kg, i.p. twice a day) was administered to the experimental groups on the 5th day of the study. All rats were sacrificed on the 10th day of the study. BDNF, NGF, G6PD, GPx, tGSH and MDA levels were determined in brain. In addition, routin histolopathological analysis and caspase-3 immunoreactivity assay were conducted. Results BDNF concentrations increased in nobiletin-administered groups, compared to Control and CIS and that the increase was statistically significant in NOB + CIS (p < 0.05). It was also found that G6PD activity increased (p < 0.05) in the nobiletin-administered groups, compared to control and CIS. Histopathologically, neuronal degeneration, oedema and gliosis increased in CIS compared to Control, and nobiletin administration decreased neuronal degeneration and oedema compared to CIS (p < 0.05). Cisplatin increased (p < 0.05) caspase-3 immunoreactivity in cerebrovascular endothelium and neurons compared to Control, while nobiletin administration decreased caspase-3 immunoreactivity in cerebrovascular endothelium. Caspase-3 immunoreactivity in neurons decreased only in NOB + CIS (p < 0.05). Conclusion Nobiletin increased BDNF concentration and G6PD activity in brain and when evaluated together with histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, it may have antioxidant, antiapoptotic and neuroprotective effects against cisplatin.