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Öğe Effects of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid on fruit size and yield of Valencia oranges (Citrus sinensis Osb.)(Wfl Publ, 2011) Yildirim, Bilge; Yesiloglu, Turgut; Kamiloglu, Muge Uysal; Incesu, Meral; Cimen, Berken; Yilmaz, NehriThe Valencia orange is a high quality fruit grown in Turkey; however, small fruit size resulting in poor packouts is common in Valencia oranges. Small fruit size is the main factor limiting the marketing of Valencia oranges; thus, synthetic auxins are commonly used to enhance the size of citrus fruit. The objective of the present study was to observe the effects of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid (3,5,6-TPA) on fruit size, yield and quality of Valencia oranges from 29-year-old trees budded on sour orange rootstock in Adana, Turkey in 2006. The application of 3,5,6-TPA to the entire tree was from 8(th) to 11(th) week after anthesis during June drop (JD). Following 3,5,6-TPA treatments, different combinations were used in the experiment: T-1 2 tablets per 100 litres applied just after the end of June drop (JD), T-2 2 tablets per 100 litres applied 5-7 days after the end of JD, T-3 3 tablets per 100 litres applied 5-7 clays after the end of JD, T-4 4 tablets per 100 litres applied 5-7 days after the end of JD, T-5 3 tablets per 100 litres applied 10-14 days after the end of JD and control trees receiving no 3,5,6-TPA (T-0). As a result, all treatments with 3,5,6-TPA reduced fruit yield, except for trees treated at the highest rate (T5). Compared to control trees, all applications of 3,5,6-TPA increased the number of large, commercially valuable Valencia oranges (>70.00 mm and 65.01-70.00 mm). Except for the titratable acid content (TA) and total soluble solid/TA ratio (TSS/TA), the internal characteristics of the fruit were not affected by treatment with 3,5,6-TPA. Generally, total acidity was decreased by treatment with 3,5,6-TPA. The results of the present study revealed that 3,5,6-TPA can be used to improve the size of Valencia fruitlets during the June drop.Öğe The effects of mechanical pruning on fruit yield and quality in 'Star Ruby' grapefruit(Wfl Publ, 2010) Yildirim, Bilge; Yesiloglu, Turgut; Incesu, Meral; Kamiloglu, Muege; Ozguven, Faruk; Tuzcu, Oender; Kacar, Yildiz AkaIncreasing the high-quality yield of a cultivated fruit species is an important method for improving its ability to compete in world markets. A high fruit yield and an increase in the proportion of marketable fruit will aid in obtaining the market objectives for the species. To this end, pruning is a very important horticultural practice. Mechanical pruning has numerous advantages over classical pruning, such as enabling control over the tree size and providing mechanization in large and dense orchards that make hand pruning applications difficult and expensive. Mechanical pruning is used widely in developed countries for many horticultural crops including citrus. In Turkey, established citrus orchards generally have dense foliage and planting, making pest and disease management very difficult. It is necessary to improve orchard management and to introduce new technologies to production areas. Thus, the introduction of mechanical pruning into Turkish citrus orchards may have the potential to improve production. In this study, our aim was to determine the effects of mechanical pruning applications on the 'Star Ruby' grapefruit, the most commonly grown grapefruit variety in Turkey. Our pruning treatments included the following: 1) hedging, 2) topping and 3) hedging and topping. The study was carried out with thirteen-year-old Star Ruby grapefruit trees that were budded onto local sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) rootstock. The trees were planted using semi-dense spacing (8 m x 4 m) in orchards established in Adana between 2004 and 2006. The orchard was then mechanically pruned each year. Our results indicate that the highest yield was obtained from the topping-hedging treatment, while the lowest yield was obtained from the topping treatment. Mechanical pruning, especially the topping treatment, increased the fruit size as compared to the control. Taken together, our results demonstrate that mechanical pruning is a potential option for grapefruit planted in semi-dense orchards. The small decrease in yield due to the mechanical pruning may have been caused by the repeated application over three years.Öğe Effects of Salinity on Some Citrus Rootstocks(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2015) Yesiloglu, Turgut; Incesu, Meral; Yilmaz, Bilge; Tuzcu, Onder; Kamiloglu, Muge; Cimen, BerkenCitrus is a major horticultural crop worldwide and known as relatively susceptible to salinity. Salt damages are usually displayed as leaf burn and defoliation and are associated with accumulation of toxic levels of Na+ and/or Cl- in leaf cells. Reactions against these toxicities depends on the rootstock used. In this study we have evaluated Tuzcu 891 sour orange, Swingle citrumelo, Volkameriana, Rubidoux trifoliate and Citremon in terms of salinity. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. The treatments were control [nutrient solution with electrical conductivity [EC(w) of 0.41 dS m(-1)] and salinity [nutrient solution with EC(w) 6.0 dS m((-1))] in a randomized block design with thirty replicants during 90 days period. Shoot and root dry weights, leaf and root potassium (K) concentrations, leaf and root calsium (Ca) concentrations, leaf and root chloride (Cl) concentrations, leaf and root sodium (Na) concentrations and symptoms in leaves were observed. Although root dry weight did not differ among those rootstocks, significant differences were determined in K, Ca, Cl, Na concentrations and shoot dry weights.Öğe Fruit yield and quality of Santa Teresa lemon on seven rootstocks in Adana (Turkey)(Academic Journals, 2010) Yildirim, Bilge; Yesiloglu, Turgut; Kamiloglu, Muege Uysal; Incesu, Meral; Tuzcu, Oender; Cimen, BerkenThe effects of various rootstocks on yield, yield efficiency, vegetative growth and fruit quality of Santa Teresa lemon variety were evaluated under Adana ecological conditions during 2004 and 2005. Canopy volume was the lowest for trees on Carrizo citrange, followed by Troyer citrange and Citrus ampullacea. Total cumulative yield over two years of production was highest on C. obovoidea, followed by that on Citrus sulcata. On the other hand, the trees on C. citrange were the most efficient in yield per cubic meter of canopy volume (CV) and trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) due to its small TCSA and CV. The largest fruit size was obtained from the trees on C. sulcata, Taiwanica, C. ampullacea, followed by sour orange and Citrus obovoidea. The highest total acid content of fruits was found with sour orange and T. citrange, followed by C. obovoidea. When all the results are considered, it can be concluded that C. obovoidea was more promising rootstock for Santa Teresa lemon in Cukurova Region.Öğe Molecular characterization and genetic diversity analysis of mandarin genotypes by SSR and SRAP markers(Wfl Publ, 2013) Kacar, Yildiz; Uzun, Aydin; Polat, Ilknur; Yesiloglu, Turgut; Yilmaz, Bilge; Gulsen, Osman; Tuzcu, OnderThe aim of the present study was to characterize the mandarin germplasm conserved at the Tuzcu Citrus Variety Collection at Cukurova University in Turkey using simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) based molecular approaches. Genetic characterization of 65 mandarins was performed using 14 SSR markers and 21 SRAP markers. We originally tested 26 SSR markers, and 14 of these markers were selected due to their high polymorphism information content in the molecular assays. Thirty-eight alleles were detected at 14 loci. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 2 to 4, with a mean of 2.7 alleles. The most informative loci were CAGG 9, CAT 01 and TAA 52 (4 alleles/primer). From the SRAP analysis, a total of 187 alleles were generated, and the polymorphism rate was 77%. The number of alleles detected by a single primer set ranged from 4 to 15, with an average of 8.90. The UPGMA dendrogram, defined by SSR and SRAP markers, revealed the genetic relatedness of the mandarin genotypes. These findings can be used to guide future breeding studies and germplasm management of these mandarin genotypes.Öğe Pomological characterisation of different kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cultivars in Adana (Turkey)(Academic Journals, 2011) Yildirim, Bilge; Yesiloglu, Turgut; Uysal-Kamiloglu, Muge; Incesu, Meral; Tuzcu, Onder; Cimen, BerkenKiwifruit production in Turkey has increased very rapidly in recent years due to the high nutritional content, especially of vitamin. The performance and pomological characteristics of seven kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) cultivars ('Hayward', 'Bruno', 'Monty', 'Abbott', 'Elmwood', 'Fatma' and 'Tere') were investigated during 2002 to 2007 in the Eastern Mediterranean region, Adana (Turkey). The fruit yield was determined every year from 2002 to 2007, and fruit quality was evaluated between 2002 and 2005. The highest yield per vine was obtained from 'Hayward' and 'Bruno', whereas the lowest yield was from 'Fatma' and 'Monty'. 'Elmwood' had the largest fruit size followed by 'Hayward'. The smallest fruit size was obtained from 'Tere' followed by 'Abbott' and 'Monty'. Vitamin C contents of these cultivars ranged from 78.00 to 52.38 mg ascorbic acid /100 g f.w. Fruit of Elmwood and Monty contained the highest concentrations of ascorbic acid followed by Hayward. For this area, it appears that the 'Hayward' variety is the most productive, has the largest fruit and highest vitamin C content.
