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Öğe Combined Use of Green Manure and Farmyard Manure Allows Better Nutrition of Organic Lettuce(Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2014) Caliskan, Sevgi; Yetisir, Halit; Karanlik, SemaOrganic crop production has become a major business due to rising consumer demand, price premiums and increasing market opportunities. A field experiment was conducted to compare organic and conventional production systems by evaluating growth, yield and mineral content of lettuce leaves. Six organic productions systems, green manure (GM), farmyard manure (FYM), commercial organic fertilizer (COP) and their combinations were compared with conventional production system (CPS). A non-fertilized control treatment was also included. Plant growth and yield were found higher in the organic production system compare to conventional production system. The lowest plant growth and yield were obtained in the control treatment. Values of vitamin C content of lettuce grown in the organic production systems were higher than those of the conventional production system. The highest lettuce yield (71.8 and 76.5 t ha(-1)) was obtained with GM + FYM treatment. The results indicated that combined use of green manure and farmyard manure can be successfully used in organic lettuce production.Öğe Effect of Priming on Germination of Lagenaria siceraria Genotypes at Low Temperatures(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2007) Kenanoglu, Burcu Begum; Demir, Ibrahim; Mavi, Kazim; Yetisir, Halit; Keles, DavutThis work was carried out to test whether germination of fifteen Lagenaria siceraria genotypes which were collected from western and southern parts of Turkey were improved by KNO3 and NaCl treatments. The experiment was conducted in two consecutive years, 2004 and 2005. Germination tests were performed at 15 degrees C and 18 degrees C. Results indicated that the effect of the treatments varied between the genotypes, temperatures and solutions that were used. KNO3 treatment was better and effective in larger number of lots than NaCl in both years. NaCl promoted germination in a few but inhibitive in large number of lots at both temperatures. As germination temperature was reduced, the positive effect of the KNO3 became greater. As a conclusion, priming treatments, specifically KNO3 appears to be promising in enhancing germination percentages of Lagenaria siceraria particularly at 15 degrees C that is the prevailing temperature in rootstock production for grafted watermelon seedling in unheated glasshouse conditions in early spring.Öğe Effects of Rootstocks on Some Growth Parameters, Phosphorous and Nitrogen Uptake Watermelon under Salt Stress(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2009) Uygur, Veli; Yetisir, HalitThe uptake of phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) and some growth parameters of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] cultivar 'Crimson Tide', grafted on gourd rootstock (Lagenaria siceraria) landraces and Cucurbita maxima, grown under five different saline conditions for 30 days were investigated. Salinity stress was induced by continuous irrigation with saline water having electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.5, 4, 8, 12, and 16 dS/m. Grafted watermelons showed better growth performance than non-grafted ones. Nutrient uptake was significantly affected by rootstocks and salinity levels. Salinity stress has resulted in an increase in P content of shoots as much as two fold. Total N uptake by shoots of both non-grafted and grafted watermelon on gourds gradually decreased above 8 dS/m salinity. This investigation showed that grafted plants had a better performance than the non-grafted watermelon cultivar. Therefore, gourds, especially those of Lagenaria type, may be used as a rootstock for watermelon under saline conditions.Öğe Effects of rootstocks on storage and shelf life of grafted watermelons(Druckerei Liddy Halm, 2016) Ozdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Candir, Elif; Yetisir, Halit; Aras, Veysel; Arslan, Omer; Baltaer, Ozay; Ustun, DurmusWatermelon fruits from non-grafted or grafted 'Crimson Tide' (CT) and 'Crisby' (CR) onto Ferro, RS841, Argentario and Macis rootstocks were compared for their postharvest quality during storage at 7 degrees C for 21 days and additional 7 days at 21 degrees C. Non-grafted and grafted CT and CR fruits did not exhibit chilling injury (CI) symptoms, but the 1-2% of fungal decay occurred after shelf life period following storage. Watermelons grafted on Ferro and RS841 rootstocks had higher flesh firmness thicker rind, lower ripening rating, more intense (higher C*) brighter red (lower h degrees value) color and higher lycopene content after shelf life period following storage, compared to non-grafted fruits. All of the fruit tested by the panelists received high taste scores of >7.9 out of 8.5 at the beginning, but the scores decreased to >6.8 out of 7.7 at the end of shelf life period. Watermelons could successfully be kept for 21 days at 7 degrees C and additional 7 days at 21 degrees C. Watermelons grafted on Ferro and RS841 rootstocks had higher postharvest quality, compared to the non-grafted fruits for both cultivars.Öğe Genetic and pathogenic characterization of Verticillium dahliae isolates from eggplant in Turkey(Springer, 2009) Dervis, Sibel; Yetisir, Halit; Yildirim, Hatice; Tok, Fatih M.; Kurt, Sener; Karaca, FatihDuring 2005 to 2007, eggplant fields in 19 provinces from three different regions (western, southern and southeastern Anatolia regions) of Turkey were surveyed for Verticillium wilt. Sixty-seven isolates of Verticillium dahliae from wilted eggplants were collected and used for vegetative compatibility analysis using nitrate non-utilizing mutants and reference tester strains of vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) 1A, 2A, 2B, 3, 4A and 4B. Among all isolates, 33 (12 from western, 15 from southern and six from southeastern Anatolia) were assigned to VCG2B, 23 (four from western, eight from southern and 11 from southeastern Anatolia) to VCG2A, six (four from southern, one from western, and one from southeastern Anatolia) to VCG4B and five (one from western, one from southern and three from southeastern Anatolia) to VCG1A, whereas VCG3 and VCG4A were not defined among isolates. In order to test if there is a correlation between VCG and pathogenicity in V. dahliae, pathogenicity of 30 isolates, representing the four multimember VCGs, were tested on Solanum melongena cvs. 'Kemer' and 'AydA +/- n SiyahA +/-' in an unheated greenhouse. All isolates were found to be pathogenic on both cultivars and there was no difference in susceptibility between the two cultivars. VCG4B isolates collectively led to higher vascular discoloration index (VDI) on both cultivars and higher disease severity index (DSI) on 'Kemer' compared with other VCGs. Similarly, VCG1A caused lower VDI on both cultivars and lower DSI on 'Kemer'. Isolates within each of VCGs 1A, 2A and 4B caused similar VDI on both cultivars. Isolates of VCG2B were found to vary in their VDI values on both cultivars. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report of natural infections of eggplant by VCG1A.Öğe Identification and incidence of seed-borne fungal disease agents on bottle gourd (Lageneria siceraria) seeds(Gaurav Soc Agricultural Research Information Centre-Aric, 2010) Dervis, Sibel; Soylu, Soner; Yetisir, HalitSeed-borne fungal diseases are major biotic constraints to seeds. This study was conducted to determine identification and incidence of seed-borne fungal disease agents on seeds of different bottle gourd [Lageneria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] genotypes which were collected from different parts of Turkey bottle gourd seeds. Using agar plate and blotter method as recommended by ISTA, the seed-borne mycoflora of 21 different samples of bottle gourd seeds collected from infested plants growing in the different parts of Turkey was investigated. Agar plate method yielded greater number of fungi followed by blotter method. The occurrence and average per cent incidence of fungi in seed samples tested revealed that Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Epicoccum purpurascens and Sordaria fimicola were the most frequently isolated seed-borne fungal agents from 70.0, 10.0, 9.5 and 4.6% seed lot samples of bottle gourd, respectively. The sources of primary inoculum in seeds are still not well documented but indications suggest that keeping bottle gourd fruits in fields for maturations play an important role in disease transmission from soils. Seed treatment may prove useful as a part of an integrated disease management approach based on improved resistance and good agronomy.Öğe Identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in different colour carrot (Daucus carota L.) cultivars using static headspace/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(Informa Healthcare, 2015) Güler, Zehra; Karaca, Fatih; Yetisir, HalitVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) as well as sugar and acid contents affect carrot flavour. This study compared VOCs in 11 carrot cultivars. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using static headspace technique was applied to analyse the VOCs. The number of VOCs per sample ranged from 17 to 31. The primarily VOCs identified in raw carrots with the exception of “Yellow Stone” were terpenes, ranging from 65 to 95%. The monoterpenes with values ranging from 31 to 89% were higher than those (from 2 to 15%) of sesquiterpenes. Monoterpene ?-terpinolene (with ranging from 23 to 63%) and (-)-?-pinene (26%), and alcohol ethanol (35%) was the main VOC in extracts from the nine carrot cultivars, “Purple” and “Yellow Stone”, respectively. As a result, among 16 identified monoterpenes, 7 monoterpenes (-)-?-pinene, (-)-?-pinene, ?-myrcene, d-limonene, ?-terpinene, ?-terpinolene and p-cymene constituted more than 60% of total VOCs identified in carrots including “Atomic Red”, “Nantes”, “Cosmic Purple”, “Red Samurai”, “Eregli Black”, “White Satin”, “Parmex” and “Baby Carrot”. Thus, these cultivars may advise to carrot breeders due to the beneficial effects of terpenes, especially monoterpenes on health. © 2015 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.Öğe Pathogenic races and inoculum density of fusarium oxysporum f.sp niveum in commercial watermelon fields in southern Turkey(Priel Publ, 2008) Kurt, Sener; Dervis, Sibel; Soylu, E. Mine; Tok, F. Mehmet; Yetisir, Halit; Soylu, SonerSystematic surveys for Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum (Fon) were conducted in a total of 141 fields in the watermelon-growing areas of the Mediterranean and southeastern Anatolia regions of Turkey in 2004 and 2005. The mean incidence and prevalence of the disease were higher in the southeastern Anatolia region than in the Mediterranean region. Maximum disease incidence during the 2-year survey was 46.3%. However, mean disease prevalence ranged from 27.3% to 63.6% in southern Turkey. Of the 33 isolates of Fon recovered, 19 were recovered from Adana, two from Mersin, one from Gaziantep, four from Sanhurfa, five from Adiyaman, one from Batman, one from Diyarbalur. The physiological race of each isolate was determined by the disease reaction in five differential watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai). Of the isolates recovered from the Mediterranean region, 47.6% were identified as race 0, 38.1% as race 1, and 14.3% as race 2. Among the 12 isolates recovered from the southeastern Anatolia region, four isolates were identified as race 0, and eight isolates as race 1. Race 2 was not detected in this region. This is the first report of Fon races 0 and 1 in southeastern Anatolia. The population density of Fon in both the Mediterranean and southeastern Anatolia regions ranged from 116.1 to 4444.7 CFU g(-1) of soil. The mean inoculum density was much higher in watermelon-growing areas in the southeastern Anatolia region in comparison with the Mediterranean region, with a mean inoculum density of 1547.2 CFU g(-1). Race 0 and race 1 were the most prevalent races in the fields with the mean highest and lowest inoculum density, respectively.Öğe Phosphorous uptake of Gourds species and watermelon under different salt stress(2006) Uygur, Veli; Yetisir, HalitPhosphorous uptake of 7 different gourd genotypes [Cucurbita maxima, C. moschata, Luffa cylindrica, Benincasa hispida, Lagenaria siceraria landraces (SKP and BR) and Lagenaria siceraria hybrid (FRGold)] and a watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] cultivar Crimson Tide grown under five different saline conditions for 30 days was investigated. Salinity stress was induced by continuous irrigation with saline water having EC of 0.5, 4, 8, 12 and 16 dS m-1. P uptake was affected by plant species and salinity levels. Salinity stress has resulted in an increase in P content of gourd leaves. For example, P content of BR at 16 dS m-1 was three times higher than that of control (0.5 dS m-1) whereas salt resistant genotypes such as C. moshata and maxima showed little increase. Results showed that smaller change in P content could be an indication of stronger resistance to salinity stress, since excessive P uptake under salinity stress may cause P toxicity. © 2006 Asian Network for Scientific Information.Öğe RESPONSES OF GRAFTED WATERMELON ONTO DIFFERENT GOURD SPECIES TO SALINITY STRESS(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2010) Yetisir, Halit; Uygur, VeliThe watermelon cultivar 'Crimson Tide' was grafted onto three different rootstocks and grown under saline conditions to investigate effects of salinity on grafted and non-grafted watermelon. One Cucurbita maxima and 2 Lagenarai siceraria landraces (Skp and Brecik) were used as rootstock. Plants were irrigated with two different saline solutions [0.5 (control) and 8.0 dS m-1] by two days interval at the first 15 days of experiment and one day interval at the last 15 days of experiment. The experimental design was randomized block. Each treatment was replicated three times with three plants. Grafted plants had higher plant growth parameter than non-grafted plant under saline conditions. Reduction in shoot dry weight was 41% in non-grafted plants while it was varied from 22% to 0.8% in grafted plants under saline conditions. Accumulation of sodium (Na+) was higher in non-grafted plants than grafted one. Calcium (Ca++) and magnesium (Mg++) concentration were higher in all grafted plants than non-grafted plants. Non-grafted plants had higher K+ concentration than other treatments under saline conditions. Ratios of Ca++/Na+, K+/Na+ and Mg++/Na+ were significantly affected by salt treatments and positively correlated with plant growth parameters. The ratios were lower in non-grafted plants than grafted plants under saline conditions.Öğe Rootstock potential of Turkish Lagenaria siceraria germplasm for watermelon: Plant growth, graft compatibility, and resistance to Fusarium(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2007) Yetisir, Halit; Kurt, Sener; Sari, Nebahat; Tok, Fatih M.The rootstock potential of Turkish Lagenaria siceraria germplasm for watermelon was evaluated. Among 210 accessions, 72 genotypes were selected based on morphological characteristics. Two commercial hybrid rootstocks were also used for comparison. Crimson Tide watermelon cultivar was used as a scion. Emergence rate, hypocotyl morphology, survival rate, and resistance to Fusarium oxvsporurn f. sp. niveum (FON) were investigated. Grafted plants were grown for 3 weeks in order to investigate the effect of rootstocks on plant growth. Leaf number, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight were determined. Emergence rate was ranked between 72% and 100% in collected genotypes. The highest graft compatibility was 99% while the lowest graft compatibility was 70%. All the grafted plants showed better performance than control plants regarding plant growth. All bottle gourd genotypes were tested against known 3 races of FON and all of them showed resistance against it. However, 9 genotypes showed yellowing but reisolation from those plants showed that yellowing was not due to FON. Crimson Sweet watermelon cv. susceptible to 3 races of FON was grafted onto 10 Lagenaria siceraria genotypes with the highest graft compatibility with watermelon. While all grafted plants showed resistance to FON, ungrafted Crimson Sweet watermelon cv. was found susceptible to 3 races of FON. The results showed that Turkish L. siceraria germplasm has powerful rootstock potential for watermelon against Fusarium wilt and it is a good resource for rootstock breeding programs.Öğe Rootstock potential of Turkish Lagenaria siceraria germplasm for watermelon: plant growth, yield and quality(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Karaca, Fatih; Yetisir, Halit; Solmaz, Ilknur; Candir, Elif; Kurt, Sener; Sari, Nebahat; Guler, ZehraThe rootstock potential of 21 bottle gourds (Lagenaria siceraria) collected from the Mediterranean region (Turkey) was investigated for watermelon with regard to plant growth, yield, and fruit quality. The Crimson Tide watermelon cultivar was used as a scion and 2 commercial rootstocks (L. siceraria) were also used for comparison. In greenhouse conditions, the survival rate of grafted plants and the effect of rootstocks on plant growth were determined. The grafted plants were planted under low tunnels in early spring and the effects of the rootstocks on early yield, total yield, and fruit quality were evaluated. The survival rates of the grafted plants varied from 83% to 100%. Survival rates of those with commercial rootstocks and local rootstocks were similar. Plants grafted onto 20-02, 31-09, 31-43, 35-01, and 46-03 were more vigorous than ungrafted control plants. Compared to the control plants, grafted plants had 37% to 80% higher plant dry weight. All of the grafted plants except CT/Macis produced a higher yield than the control plants. The plants grafted onto 6 of the local rootstocks had significantly greater total yields than those grafted onto the commercial rootstocks. Among the local bottle gourd landraces tested, the 01-16, 07-45, 20-06, 31-09, 31-15, and 46-03 were found to be promising genotypes with regard to total yield. Early yield was not significantly affected by rootstock. The quality parameters of the fruits harvested from the grafted and control plants were found to be similar except for a limited number of graft combinations. It was concluded that germplasm from Turkish bottle gourds has a high rootstock potential for watermelon with regard to the investigated parameters.Öğe Rootstocks Affected Postharvest Performance of Grafted 'Crisby' and 'Crimson Tide' Watermelon Cultivars(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2018) Ozdemir, Ahmet Erhan; Candir, Elif; Yetisir, Halit; Aras, Veysel; Arslan, Omer; Baltaer, Ozay; Ustun, DurmusWatermelon fruit from 'Crisby' (CR) and 'Crimson Tide' (CT) grafted onto Ferro, RS841. Argentario and Macis rootstocks and non-grafted CR and CT were compared for their postharvest quality at 7 degrees C for 21 days. Changes in rind thickness, weight loss, fruit flesh firmness, taste, total soluble solids, juice pH, titratable acidity, chilling injury and fungal decay, flesh color values. hallow heart, ripening, citric and malic acid, glucose, fructose, sucrose, total sugar, beta-carotene and lycopene were determined during storage at a weekly interval. Watermelon fruit cv. CT grafted on Ferro, RS841 and Argentario rootstocks had thicker rind, lower ripening score, higher flesh firmness and lycopene content, more intense red color during storage, compared to non-grafted fruit. In comparison to non-grafted fruit, CR fruit grafted on Ferro, RS841 and Argentario rootstocks had thicker rind and higher flesh firmness, but higher lycopene content and C* values with lower ripening scores were observed only in the fruit grafted on Ferro and RS841 rootstocks. Macis and Argentario may lead an over-ripening, softening and less intense flesh color with lower lycopene content for CR and/or CT fruit during storage. Watennelons could successfully be kept for 21 days at 7 degrees C. Watermelons grafted on Ferro and RS841 rootstocks retained better postharvest quality, compared to the non-grafted fruit for both cultivars.Öğe Screening mycorrhiza species for plant growth, P and Zn uptake in pepper seedling grown under greenhouse conditions(Elsevier, 2011) Ortas, Ibrahim; Sari, Nebahat; Akpinar, Cagdas; Yetisir, HalitWe screened the mycorrhizal species for an inoculum protocol would green pepper seedling production and compensate for nutrient deficiency. Three greenhouse studies (on three successive years) were conducted under nursery conditions using five arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and their mixture. The AM fungi, Glomus mosseae, G. clarum, G. caledonium, G. intra radices and G. etunicatum propagated on maize roots were used. The AM fungi were inoculated to seed stages and half of the seed stages inoculated plants were re-inoculated at the seedling stages. In Experiment I, plants were harvested once and in Experiments II and III, plants were harvested twice at different developmental stages. Results showed that inoculated plants with G. mosseae, G. intraradices, G. etunicatum, G. clarum, G. caledonium and the mixture of these fungi had increase in shoot, root dry weight. P and Zn content compared to control plants. Mycorrhizal inoculated pepper seedlings flowered earlier than non-inoculated plants. After three successive years, seed and seedling stages inoculation with different AM fungal species varied with the fungal species considered mycorrhizal symbiosis have a different effect on seedling growth was dependent on the fungal species inoculated. Although the mycorrhization increased the seedling quality in all the experiments and the contribution of each individual species varied, this variation was not consistent over the three years. Our results indicate that AM species can be used to compensate for Zn and P deficiency under P and Zn deficient soils for pepper plants. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Some physiological and growth responses of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] grafted onto Lagenaria siceraria to flooding(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2006) Yetisir, Halit; Caliskan, Mehmet E.; Soylu, Soner; Sakar, MusaIn this study, the effect of flooding on plant growth and photosynthetic activity of grafted watermelon were investigated. The watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum and Nakai] cv. 'Crimson Tide' was grafted onto Lagenaria siceraria SKP (Landrace). Grafted and ungrafted watermelon plants were flooded at the soil surface for 20 days. For every 5 days, three plants were sampled to determine plant fresh and dry weight, leaf number and main stem. length. Leaf colour, single leaf CO2 exchange rate (CER), stomatal conductance (SC) and transpiration rate (Ts) were determined at T days interval. Flooding caused chlorosis on both grafted and ungrafted plants but such effect was more pronounced on ungrafted watermelon plants. CER, SC and Ts began to decrease from the 4th day of the flooding in both grafted and ungrafted plants as compared with non-flooded controls. However, grafted plants showed higher tolerance to flooding and had two-folds more CER, SC and Ts. Plant growth rate was also significantly lower in flooded plants than when compared to unflooded controls. Ungrafted plants had lower dry weight than grafted plants under flooding conditions. At the end of the experiment, decrease in fresh weight of plants was about 180% in ungrafted and 50% in grafted watermelons. Dry weight also decreased about 230% in ungrafted and 80% in grafted watermelons. Similar results were found in leaf number and main stem length. Adventitious roots and aerenchyma formation were observed in grafted watermelon but not in ungrafted watermelon under flooding. Adventitious root formation began from 3rd or 4th day of flooding and adventitious roots grew towards the soil surface. Flooding tolerance of watermelon could be improved by grafting onto L. siceraria. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Vegetative Compatibility and Virulence Diversity of Verticillium dahliae from Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Plantations in Turkey and Evaluation of Okra Landraces for Resistance to V. dahliae(Tech Science Press, 2020) Tok, Fatih M.; Dervis, Sibel; Yetisir, HalitForty-four V. dahliae isolates were collected from symptomatic vascular tissues of okra plants each from a different field in eight provinces located in the eastern Mediterranean and western Anatolia regions of Turkey during 20062009. Nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants of V. dahliae from okra were used to determine heterokaryosis and genetic relatedness among isolates. All isolates from okra plants were grouped into two vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) (1 and 2) and three subgroups as 1A (13.6%, 6/44), 2A (20.5%, 9/44) and 2B (65.9%, 29/44) according to international criteria. Pathogenicity tests were performed on a susceptible local okra (A. esculentus) landrace in greenhouse conditions. All isolates from VCG1A and VCG2B induced defoliation (D) and partial defoliation (PD) symptoms, respectively. Other isolates from VCG2A gave rise to typical leaf chlorosis symptoms without defoliation. The obtained data showed that the virulence level of V. dahliae isolates from okra was related to their VCG belongings. Eighteen okra landraces from diverse geographical origins were screened for resistance to VCG2B and VCG1A of V. dahliae. The results indicated that all landraces were more susceptible to highly virulent VCG1A-D pathotype displaying D or PD symptoms depending on their susceptibility levels with a mean disease severity index of 3.52 than to less virulent VCG2B-PD pathotype of V dahliae displaying PD and ND symptoms with a mean disease severity index of 2.52. Significant differences were observed among the landraces; however, none of them exhibited a level of resistance. Okra landraces; corum, Hatay Has and Sanhurfa displayed the lowest level of susceptibility or little tolerance to both D and PD pathotypes. VCG2B of PD was prevailing in the surveyed areas and VCG1A of D was the most virulent of the VCGs identified. Introduction of resistant genotypes to Turkish okra germplasm from different sources and breeding new resistant okra cultivars are critical for the sustainability of okra production.Öğe Vegetative compatibility groups and pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae isolates from watermelon in Turkey(Academic Journals, 2009) Dervis, Sibel; Yetisir, Halit; Tok, Fatih Mehmet; Kurt, Sener; Karaca, FatihIn this study, surveys were carried out for Verticillium wilt in watermelon fields (262 fields) in 13 provinces from five regions of Turkey. The proportion of fields having wilted plants was 40%. Verticillium dahliae was isolated from 15.2% of the fields showing wilted plants. At the end of surveys, 16 V. dahliae isolates (each from a different wilted field, collected from eight provinces of the Aegean, Central Anatolia, Marmara, Mediterranean and Southeastern Anatolia Regions) were obtained and used for vegetative compatibility analysis using nitrate non-utilizing mutants and reference isolates belonging to vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) 1A, 2A, 2B, 3, 4A and 4B. Eleven V. dahliae isolates from Adana, Adiyaman, Balikesir, Diyarbakir, Konya and Mersin provinces were assigned to VCG2B, two from Mersin province to VCG2A, one from Balikesir province to VCG4B and two from Manisa and Aydin provinces to VCG1A whereas VCG3 and VCG4A were not defined among the isolates. To reveal a possible correlation between VCG and pathogenic group in V. dahliae, pathogenicity of all isolates representing the four VCGs were tested on three watermelon cultivars (Citrullus lanatus cultivars 'Crimson Sweet', 'Crimson Tide' and 'Crisby') and a susceptible cotton cultivar (Gossypium hirsutum cultivar Cukurova 1518') in a greenhouse. In watermelon cultivars, most VCG2B isolates caused significantly more severe symptoms than VCG4B, VCG2A and VCG1A. VCG4B isolate was more virulent on all watermelon cultivars than both VCG1A isolates. The isolates within VCG2A and VCG1A caused similar virulence patterns on 'Crimson Sweet' and 'Crimson Tide' cultivars but for 'Crisby' VCG1A did not cause any leaf symptom. Virulence to watermelon cultivars varied only among the isolates within VCG2B. Significant differences in virulence to cotton were observed between isolates from different VCGs except the similarity between VCG2A and VCG4B. The results expose that the population of V. dahliae from watermelon in Turkey is heterogeneous (four different VCGs among 16 isolates) but VCG2B seems to be a more specialized form for this host in Turkey.Öğe VOLATILE COMPOUNDS AND SENSORY PROPERTIES IN VARIOUS MELONS, WHICH WERE CHOSEN FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES AND DIFFERENT LOCATIONS, GROWN IN TURKEY(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2013) Guler, Zehra; Karaca, Fatih; Yetisir, HalitGas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry using a static head space technique was applied to analyze the volatile aromatic compounds of various melons collected from different locations in Turkey. Some physicochemical and sensory analyses were also made. A total of 33 volatile compounds were identified. Differences in the physicochemical and sensory properties of various Turkish melon samples were observed. The multivariate analyses by the volatile compounds separated the three varieties into groups successfully. The most abundant volatile compounds as mean value in all melon varieties were ethyl acetate (22.10%), acetaldehyde (13.65%), and ethanol (23.25%). The results showed that Cantaloupe melons were more preferred by panelists, which had relatively high levels of esters being responsible for strong fruit flavor, like melon, as well as high total soluble solid content and low titratable acidity compared with Inodorus and Simama.Öğe Volatile compounds in the peel and flesh of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grafted onto bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) rootstocks(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Guler, Zehra; Karaca, Fatih; Yetisir, HalitThe objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the peel and flesh of the cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cultivar 'Cengelkoy' grafted onto different bottle gourd rootstocks, as VOCs play an essential role in fruit quality. Three genotypes of bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria; '33-35', '33-41' and '46-03') were chosen as being representative of Turkish bottle gourd germplasm. The VOCs in each rootstock-scion combination were analysed using carboxen-divinylbenzene-polydimethylsiloxane fibres for solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The VOCs (Z)-6-nonenol (21.4 - 28.6%), (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienol (3.2 - 13.0%), (E,Z)-3,6-nonadienol (1.9 - 7.1%), 1-nonanol (4.9 - 7.2%), (E)-2-nonenal (3.9 - 6.6%), (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal (5.7 - 6.9%), (Z)-6-nonenal (3.6 - 5.4%), (E)-2-hexenal (0.9 - 4.4%), (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one (3.2 - 3.5%), and hexanal (1.9 - 3.6%) were the most abundant compounds found in cucumber peel. Grafting had a significant (P <= 0.05) effect on the percentage composition of the major VOCs in peel. (E,Z)-2,6-Nonadienal (34.3 - 41.5%), (E)-2-nonenal (15.5 - 19.9%), (Z)-6-nonenal (5.9 - 8.0%), (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienol (2.6 - 8.4%), (Z)-6-nonenol (2.7 - 7.9%), 3-decyne (2.1 - 3.4%), and (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienol (1.9 - 5.7%) were the most significant volatiles in cucumber flesh. Of these compounds, (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal, (E,E)-3,5-octadien-2-one, and 3-decyne were identified as cucumber VOCs for the first time. The results showed that the percentage composition of VOCs in the peel and flesh of cucumbers grafted onto bottle gourd '33-41' were closest to those in ungrafted control cucumber, 'Cengelkoy'. Therefore, Turkish bottle gourd genotype '33-41' has high potential as a rootstock for cucumer grafting.
