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Öğe Antiviral Activity of Hatay Propolis Against Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2016) Yildirim, Ayse; Duran, Gulay Gulbol; Duran, Nizami; Jenedi, Kemal; Bolgul, Behiye Sezgin; Miraloglu, Meral; Muz, MustafaBackground: Propolis is a bee product widely used in folk medicine and possessing many pharmacological properties. In this study we aimed to investigate: i) the antiviral activities of Hatay propolis samples against HSV-1 and HSV-2 in HEp-2 cell line, and ii) the presence of the synergistic effects of propolis with acyclovir against these viruses. Material/Methods: All experiments were carried out in HEp-2 cell cultures. Proliferation assays were performed in 24-well flat bottom microplates. We inoculated 1x10(5) cells per ml and RPMI 1640 medium with 10% fetal calf serum into each well. Studies to determine cytotoxic effect were performed. To investigate the presence of antiviral activity of propolis samples, different concentrations of propolis (3200, 1600, 800, 400, 200, 100, 75, 50, and 25 mu g/mL) were added into the culture medium. The amplifications of HSV-1 and HSV-2 DNA were performed by realtime PCR method. Acyclovir (Sigma, USA) was chosen as a positive control. Cell morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The replication of HSV-1 and HSV-2 was significantly suppressed in the presence of 25, 50, and 100 mu g/mL of Hatay propolis. We found that propolis began to inhibit HSV-1 replication after 24 h of incubation and propolis activity against HSV-2 was found to start at 48 h following incubation. The activity of propolis against both HSV-1 and HSV-2 was confirmed by a significant decrease in the number of viral copies. Conclusions: We determined that Hatay propolis samples have important antiviral effects compared with acyclovir. In particular, the synergy produced by antiviral activity of propolis and acyclovir combined had a stronger effect against HSV-1 and HSV-2 than acyclovir alone.Öğe Effects of highly purified urinary FSH and human menopausal FSH on uterine myoelectrical dynamics(Oxford Univ Press, 2010) Hascalik, Seyma; Celik, Onder; Tagluk, M. Emin; Yildirim, Ayse; Aydin, N. EnginThe aim of the study was to investigate the effects of urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) compounds on the electrical activity of myometrium using signal-processing techniques. Thirty animals were involved in the experiment. After two successive normal estrous cycles, 15 of these animals were put into three equal subgroups. Group 1 was the control; animals were given solvent. Groups 2 and 3 were treated with Urofollitropin and Menotropin, respectively. The other 15 animals were ovariectomized and subjected to the same protocol. Their uterine myoelectrical signals were recorded over a period of at least 3 min at a sampling frequency of 500 Hz, and analyzed through software assisted signal processing. The results show the power and some characteristic spectral components of myoelectrical signal were differentially reduced with the administration of highly purified urinary FSH and human menopausal FSH but significant differences were not detected between their histology. In conclusion, uterine myoelectrical signals change with administration of urinary FSH preparations. Human menopausal FSH and more precisely highly purified FSH suppress the spectral components and modify the power of the myoelectrical signals which provides uterine quiescence.Öğe Effects of Ischemia/Reperfusion on ? Cells of Pancreas and Protective Effects of Melatonin Treatment(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2009) Yildirim, Ayse; Tuncer, Mehmet Cudi; Pamukcu, Oezlem; Aktas, Ayfer; Akkus, MuratOxygen free radicals are considered to be important components involved in the pathophysiological tissue alterations observed during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). In this study, we investigated the putative protective effects of melatonin treatment on pancreatic I/R injury. Sprague Dawley male rats were subjected to 30 min of pancreatic pedicle occlusion followed by 90 min reperfusion. Melatonin (10 mg/kg. s.c) was administrated 30 min prior to ischemia or I/R application. At the end of the reperfusion periods, rats were decapitated. Pancreatic samples were taken for transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that ischemia created b cell damage as evidenced by dilatation between the nucleus inner and outer membrane and degeneration on islets of Langerhans cells, was reversed by melatonin treatment. As melatonin administration reversed these microscopic damage, it seems likely that melatonin protects pancreatic tissue against oxidative damage.Öğe Effects of ischemia/reperfusion on ß cells of pancreas and protective effects of melatonin treatment(Universidad de la Frontera, 2009) Yildirim, Ayse; Tuncer, Mehmet Cudi; Pamukçu, Özlem; Aktas, Ayfer; Akkus, MuratOxygen free radicals are considered to be important components involved in the pathophysiological tissue alterations observed during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). In this study, we investigated the putative protective effects of melatonin treatment on pancreatic I/R injury. Sprague Dawley male rats were subjected to 30 min of pancreatic pedicle occlusion followed by 90 min reperfusion. Melatonin (10 mg/kg. s.c) was administrated 30 min prior to ischemia or I/R application. At the end of the reperfusion periods, rats were decapitated. Pancreatic samples were taken for transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that ischemia created b cell damage as evidenced by dilatation between the nucleus inner and outer membrane and degeneration on islets of Langerhans cells, was reversed by melatonin treatment. As melatonin administration reversed these microscopic damage, it seems likely that melatonin protects pancreatic tissue against oxidative damage.Öğe The Effects of Low-Dose Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents on Peritoneal Fibrosis Induced by Chemical Peritonitis and on Peritoneal Tissue MMP-2 and TIMP-2 Levels in Rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Yildirim, Ayse; Ozkan, Orhan Veli; Aslan, Ahmet; Koseoglu, Zikret; Borazan, AliAim. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of low-dose erytropoesis-stimulating agents (ESA) on the development of peritoneal fibrosis in chlorhexidine gluconate-induced peritoneal sclerosing rats and to assess the peritoneal tissue levels of MMP-2 and TIMP-2, which may be regarded as factors in the development of peritoneal fibrosis. Subjects and methods. Twenty-four Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. The control group received 0.9% saline (3 ml/d) intraperitoneally, the CH group received 3 ml daily injections of 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CH) intraperitoneally, and the CH+ESA group received 3 ml daily injections of 0.1% CH intraperitoneally and epoetin beta (3 x 20 IU/kg/week) subcutaneously. On the twenth-first day, rats were sacrificed, and parietal peritoneum samples were obtained from the left anterior abdominal wall. Pathological samples were examined using Hematoxyline & Eosin (HE) stains. The thickness, vascular proliferation, and inflammation were determined by light microscopy. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were studied immunohistochemically by monoclonal antibody staining. Results. Inflammation, vascular proliferation, and fibrotic area percentages were not statistically significant between groups. Histopathologically control, CH, CH+ESA groups peritoneal thickness were 8.02 +/- 2.89, 146.74 +/- 26.1, and 48.12 +/- 16.8 micrometers, respectively. The decrease in thickness of parietal peritoneum in CH+ESA group was statistically significant when compared to CH. Immunohistochemically, interferon was shown to decrease MMP-2 expression on parietal peritoneum than group CH, but has no effect on TIMP-2. Discussion. Low-dose ESA histopatologically reduces peritoneal fibrosis induced by chlorhexidine gluconate. However, from dosage and duration points of view, we need extended clinical and experimental studies.Öğe Immunohistochemical Analysis of MCC, TARC and CD 104 Antigens in Human Lung Tissue(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Korkmaz, Metin; Akkus, Murat; Yildirim, Ayse; Baran, Ozlem Pamukcu; Aktas, AyferObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the the distribution of CMA 1 protein (MCC), CCL17 protein (TARC) and Integrin beta 4 (CD 104) monoclonal antibodies in normal adult human lung tissue. Material and Methods: In this study we examined the lung biopsy specimens obtained from the adult patients who underwent operations for different reasons in the Department of Lung Surgery at Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey. The tissue samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees C. The samples were immunostained by indirect immune peroxidase technique. As primary antibodies, MCC, TARC and CD104 were used. As secondary antibodies, 1:200 rabbit anti - mouse IgG peroxidase diluted in PBS/BSA and 1:100 normal human serum solution were used. Negative control staining was performed using irrelevant mouse monoclonal antibodies omitting the primary antibody step. Sections were examined and photographed by Olympus BH2 light microscope. Results: We observed moderate reaction with vascular endothelial cells and with vascular smooth muscle cells with MCC which was aimed to show overall the presence of human lung mast cells. TARC, which was aimed to express the follicular dentritic cells, moderately reacted with follicular dentritic cells, bronchial smooth muscle cells and vascular endothelial cells. CD104, which is the integrin beta 4 subunit that plays an important role in the adhesion of epithelium to basement membranes, moderately reacted with vascular endothelial cells and mainly reacted with the follicular dentritic cells of bronchi. Conclusion: In our study, it was defined that the expressions of these molecules have important role in understanding the function of human lung tissue. We reached the conclusion that our study, by presenting the difference between the normal lung tissue and pathologic lung tissue with expression the related proteins immunohistochemically may constitute preliminary findings for excluding the diseases like interstisial lung disease or chronic obstructive lung disease for the aim of. Our preliminary findings may shed light on future studies.Öğe Protective Effects of Melatonin on Testicular Torsion and Detorsion Damage in Sprague-Dawley Rats(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2011) Aktas, Ayfer; Tuncer, M. Cudi; Yildirim, Ayse; Nergiz, Yusuf; Akkus, MuratIn this study, we evaluated the ultrastructural findings of testis with systemic administration of different doses of melatonin during ischemic period in a rat model of testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D). Testis ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced by torsion of the left testis, with a 720 degrees twisting of the spermatic cord so as to produce a total occlusion of testis for 2.5 hours. Subsequently, the same testis was then detorsioned. According to surgical procedure in each group, unilateral orchiectomies were performed for histopathologic examination. The groups were labelled as control group, torsion group (T), torsion and detorsion group (T/D), torsion-detorsion and melatonin group (T/D+20,50 and 100 mg/kg melatonin). For the histological examination, testicular tissues were fixed in 2.5% glutheraldehyde and postfixation 1% osmic acid solutions. They were examined under transmission electron microscopy after application of contrast stained. In torsion group testis cross-sections, cytoplasm residues of mature sperms and large vacuole-like structures were noticeable. In detorsion group testis cross-sections, dissociations in spermatocide nuclei, many vacuoles and residual particles resulting from organelle degeneration, local voids in cytoplasms of spermatogonia, dilatation in granulated endoplasmic reticulum, large lipid droplets, chromatid particles, along with mitochondrial crystalisis were determined. In the testis cross-sections of the group of T/D+50 mg/kg melatonin administration, sertoli and spermatogonia cells that showed membrane-like structures and cytoplasmic voids were observed. Testis cross-sections of rats that were administered with T/D+50 mg/kg melatonin showed small mitochondrions and vacuole-like structures placed on the edge. Testis cross-sections of rats that were administered with T/D+100 mg/kg melatonin resulted in views similar to those of controls in the microstructural level. As a result, the most effective dose of melatonin, which was used in different doses, for prevention of ischemia/reperfusion damage was found to be 100 mg/kg.Öğe Structure, Function, Molecular Genetics, Disease Associations and Therapeutic Potential of Mannose Binding Lectin: Review(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2011) Gunesacar, Ramazan; Tastemir, Deniz; Yildirim, Ayse; Eryilmaz, NaciyeMannose binding lectin (MBL) which is a collagen like serum protein and primarily synthesized by the liver is a significant component of natural immune response. MBL molecule provides phagocytosis of those microorganisms by macrophages or activates the lectin pathway of complement system via C3 convertase by binding on sugar groups on the surfaces of multifarious microorganisms. The MBL2 gene is located on chromosome 10 at position 10q11.2-q21 and consists of four exons and three introns. Three genetic variations named as allel B (codon 54, GGC > GAC, Gly > Asp), allel C (codon 57, GGA > GAA, Gly > Glu) and allel D (codon 52, GCT > TGT, Arg > Cys) and affecting the serum levels and trimerization of MBL protein were detected on the first exon of MBL2 gene. An association was shown between MBL2 gene codon variants or low MBL serum levels and bacterial, viral and fungal infections or autoimmunity development. An association was also detected between high MBL serum levels and renal graft rejection, diabetic nephropathy and inflammatory diseases. In this review, relationships between MBL and diseases and therapeutic potential of the molecule were summarized along with the molecular structure, function and genetics of MBL.Öğe Targeting novel antigens in the arterial wall in thromboangiitis obliterans(Via Medica, 2010) Guzel, Elif; Topal, Ender; Yildirim, Ayse; Atilla, Pergin; Akkus, Murat; Dagdeviren, AttilaThromboangiitis obliterans is an inflammatory disease possibly resulting from cigarette smoking as a primary etiologic factor, perhaps as a delayed type of hypersensitivity or toxic angiitis. As little is known about the pathogenesis of the disease, we aimed to determine novel antigens that might be responsible from the local inflammatory reactions and structural changes observed in this disease. An indirect immunoperoxidase technique is used to examine the tissue samples obtained from the dorsalis pedis artery of affected individuals with twenty monoclonal antibodies. Among these several antigens which are not previously reported in TAO like CD34, CD44 and CD90 were determined in the tissue samples examined. On the other hand, many other antigens like cytokine/chemokine receptors, several enzymes and leukocyte/lymphocyte antigens were lacking giving some clues about the local pathological reactions. We briefly discussed our findings for several critical antigens those first described in the present work, possibly having roles in the development of the disease. Expression of the CD90/CD11c receptor/ligand pair seems to play an important role in mononuclear cell recruitment to the damage site. Vascular invasion of not only tunica intima but also the tunica media in affected vessels is clearly demonstrated using endothelial cell specific antigens.
