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    An examination of physical education teachers in terms of their organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational loyalty according to some demographic variables
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2012) Yildirim, Yunus; Uzum, Hanifi; Yildirim, Irfan
    The purpose of this study is to examine the physical education teachers for their organizational citizenship behaviors and their organizational loyalty according to some demographic variables. A survey has been applied to physical education teachers in Hatay Province for this study which was conducted with the relational screening model. In total, questionnaires of 311 physical education teachers -81 females and 230 males -were taken into evaluation. Data have been analyzed through SPSS 15.0, Minitab 13.20 V. and STATISTICA 7.0 software. Level of significance has been determined as 0.05 in the study. Data have been evaluated and interpreted according to confidence interval of 95% and level of significance of % 5. It was figured out in the study that organizational loyalty of physical education teachers influence their organizational citizenship behaviors, male physical education teachers display lower organizational behaviors than females do and those in lower positions display lower organizational behaviors than those in higher positions.
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    Virulence Factors in Staphylococci Isolated From Nasal Cavities of Footballers
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2016) Duran, Nizami; Yildirim, Yunus; Duran, Gulay Gulbol; Pasa, Ozgur; Kilinc, Cetin; Yildirim, Irfan; Eryilmaz, Naciye
    Aim: This study aimed to investigate the rate of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin producing Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin (mecA) and slime (icaA/icaD) genes in staphylococcal strains isolated from nasal cavities of footballers. Materials and Methods: Nasal swab samples were taken from each footballers and a healthy control group for the isolation of staphylococcal strains. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used to determine Panton-Valentine Leukocidin, mecA and icaA/icaD genes in staphylococcal isolates. Results: Among 91 S. aureus strains, the presence of mecA gene was detected as 9.9%. This ratio was 17.9% (27 of 151) among the coagulase-negative staphylococci. A significant difference was found between coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus isolates regarding the presence of mecA gene (P < 0.001). As for the genes of the slime, icaA/icaD genes were detected in 198 of 242 (81.8%) strains. The occurrence of slime genes was 91.2% and 89.4% among the S. aureus coagulase and negative staphylococci, respectively (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the frequency of the mecA and slime genes when compared with the healthy control group and the football players (P < 0.01). Of 91 isolates, 22 were found to be methicillin resistant by the oxacillin disc diffusion method, whereas the remaining (220) were methicillin susceptible. Methicillin resistance was detected as 14.9% by the polymerase chain reaction method, whereas it was found as 9.1% by phenotypic methods. Conclusions: Early and accurate diagnosis of virulent staphylococcal strains is crucial because the virulent coagulase-negative and coagulase-positive staphylococcal strains in the nasal floras of footballers may be major potential sources of superficial and deep tissue infections.