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Öğe Changes of Non-Structural Carbohydrate in Leaves and Shoots of Different Persimmon Cultivars during Plant Development(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2013) Yildiz, E.; Kaplankiran, M.The seasonal changes in the carbohydrate content in the leaves and shoots of ten persimmon genotypes grafted on Diospyros lotus were investigated throughout the 2009 and 2010 seasons. In the leaves, carbohydrate fractions decreased from April to June, then increased during fruit development until September and then reduced during autumn leaf-fall. Similar trends were found in fructose, glucose, sucrose and total sugar contents. Starch and total carbohydrate contents decreased in the leaves during the vegetative period and then increased from mid-and late summer to November. During the entire growing season, mean total sugar, starch and total carbohydrate contents in the leaves ranged from 5.89 ('Vainiglia') to 7.01% ('Hachiya'), from 3.88 ('Amankaki') to 4.96% ('Jirou') and from 10.40 ('Vainiglia') to 11.66% ('Jirou'), respectively. Sharp decreases in reducing sugar, soluble sugar and total carbohydrate content in the shoots occurred in April or after budbreak. These decreases continued until late summer, and then accumulation in the shoots began from September to December. There was a slow decline in the starch concentration during the vegetative growth phase from January to June, then increases occurred until the end of the year. During the whole year, the leaves contained more fructose, glucose, total sugar and starch contents than the shoots. Net photosynthetic rate of persimmon cultivars increased from April to September, and then decreased until leaf-fall. The net photosynthetic rate of different persimmon cultivars ranged from 5.35 ('Amankaki') to 6.40 mu mol CO2 m(-2) s(-1) ('Eylul') over the entire vegetation period.Öğe Effect of Hot Water Treatment on Astringency Removal in Persimmon Cultivars(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2020) Ozdemir, A. E.; Candir, E.; Toplu, C.; Yildiz, E.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hot water treatments on the removal of astringency in 'MKU Harbiye,' 'Kaki Tipo,' and 'Vainiglia' persimmon cultivars. Fruits were dipped in tap water at hot water at 40 degrees C for 5 h (HW 40 degrees C-5 h) or hot water at 50 degrees C for 1 h (HW 50 degrees C-1 h). Untreated (Control 1), 20 degrees C for 1 (Control 2, 20 degrees C-1 h), or 5 h (Control 3, 20 degrees C-5 h) and treated fruits were then kept at 20oC for 10 days of shelf life period. Changes in weight loss, appearance, firmness, total soluble solids, taste, fungal decay, fruit skin color, soluble and insoluble tannin content were determined during shelf life. In all cultivars, HW 40 degrees C-5 h was found to be successful in reducing the astringency and maintained firmness above the marketability limit for 10 days of shelf life period. The fruit treated with HW 40 degrees C-5 h became edible after 7 days at 20 degrees C while control fruits remained astringent based on soluble tannin content the entire shelf-life period. Although the HW 50 degrees C-1 h and Control 2 and 3 (20 degrees C-1 h or 20 degrees C-5 h) treatments received acceptable taste scores after 10 days, fruits from these treatments were slightly astringent.Öğe Evaluation of micro-tensile bond strength of caries-affected human dentine after three different caries removal techniques(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2012) Karaarslan, E. Sirin; Yildiz, E.; Cebe, M. A.; Yegin, Z.; Ozturk, B.Objective: This study evaluated the effect that different techniques for removing dental caries had on the strength of the microtensile bond to caries-affected human dentine created by three bonding agents. Materials and methods: Forty-five human molar teeth containing carious lesions were randomly divided into three groups according to the technique that would be used to remove the caries: a conventional bur, an Er:YAG laser or a chemo-mechanical Carisolv (R) gel (n = 15). Next, each of the three removal-technique groups was divided into three subgroups according to the bonding agents that would be used: Clearfil (R) SE Bond, G-Bond (R), or Adper (R) Single Bond 2 (n = 5). Three 1 mm(2) stick-shaped microtensile specimens from each tooth were prepared with a slow-speed diamond saw sectioning machine fitted with a diamond-rim blade (n = 15 specimens). For each removal technique one dentine sample was analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the resulting tensile strength of the bond among the techniques used to remove the caries and there were also statistically significant differences in the strength of the bond among the adhesive systems used. The etch-and-rinse adhesive system was the most affected by the technique used to remove the caries; of the three techniques tested, the chemo-mechanical removal technique worked best with the two-step self etch adhesive system. Conclusion: The bond strength values of the etch-and-rinse adhesive system were affected by the caries removal techniques used in the present study. However, in the one- and two-step self etch adhesive systems, bond strength values were not affected by the caries removal techniques applied. While a chemo-mechanical caries removal technique, similar to Carisolv (R), may be suggested with self etch adhesive systems, in caries removal techniques with laser, etch-and-rinse systems might be preferred. Clinical significance: Caries removal methods may lead to differences in the characteristics of dentine surface. Dentine ultra structure generally affects the bonding of adhesive materials commonly used in restorative dentistry. Whereas etch-and-rinse system, like the ones used in the present study, are affected by these changes, the self etch systems are not affected. Hence, clinicians may opt for caries removal methods and systems appropriate for each patient and practice. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Performance of "rio red" grapefruit on seven rootstocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey(Tarbiat Modares University, 2014) Yildiz, E.; Kaplankiran, M.; Hakan Demirkeser, T.; Toplu, C.; Uysal-Kamiloglu, M.The effects of rootstocks such as 'sour orange' (Citrus aurantium L. var. 'Yerli'), 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer citranges' (Citrus sinensis Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata Raf), 'Smooth Flat Seville sour orange' (Citrus spp. hybrid of uncertain origin), 'Brazilian sour orange' (Citrus aurantiam L. var. 'Brasilian'), 'Volkameriana' (Citrus volkameriana Tan. and Pasq.) and 'Calamondin' (possibly Citrus reticulate var. austere×Fortunella hybrid, Swingle) on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality of 'Rio Red' grapefruit were investigated from 2008 to 2012. Rootstocks were found to have significant effects on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality. 'Rio Red' grapefruit trees budded on 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer citranges' showed higher vegetative growth parameters (canopy height, diameter, and volume) than the trees on the other rootstocks. The trees on 'Volkameriana' and 'Carrizo citrange' produced higher percentage of cumulative yield of about 55.1 and 34.3%, respectively, than the trees on 'sour orange'. 'Rio Red' grapefruit budded on 'Carrizo citrange' had higher fruit quality such as thin rind, high juice content, and more color development than the other rootstocks. 'Carrizo citrange' was the most promising rootstock for 'Rio Red' grapefruit in Dörtyol, Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey.Öğe Performance of ''Rio Red'' Grapefruit on Seven Rootstocks in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey(Tarbiat Modares Univ, 2014) Yildiz, E.; Kaplankiran, M.; Demirkeser, T. Hakan; Toplu, C.; Uysal-Kamiloglu, M.The effects of rootstocks such as 'sour orange' (Citrus aurantium L. var. 'Yerli'), 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer citranges' (Citrus sinensis Osb. x Poncirus trifoliata Raf), 'Smooth Flat Seville sour orange' (Citrus spp. hybrid of uncertain origin), 'Brazilian sour orange' (Citrus aurantiam L. var. 'Brasilian'), 'Volkameriana' (Citrus volkameriana Tan. and Pasq.) and 'Calamondin' (possibly Citrus reticulate var. austerexFortunella hybrid, Swingle) on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality of 'Rio Red' grapefruit were investigated from 2008 to 2012. Rootstocks were found to have significant effects on plant growth, fruit yield, and quality. 'Rio Red' grapefruit trees budded on 'Carrizo' and 'Troyer citranges' showed higher vegetative growth parameters (canopy height, diameter, and volume) than the trees on the other rootstocks. The trees on 'Volkameriana' and 'Carrizo citrange' produced higher percentage of cumulative yield of about 55.1 and 34.3%, respectively, than the trees on 'sour orange'. 'Rio Red' grapefruit budded on 'Carrizo citrange' had higher fruit quality such as thin rind, high juice content, and more color development than the other rootstocks. 'Carrizo citrange' was the most promising rootstock for 'Rio Red' grapefruit in Dortyol, Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey.Öğe Seasonal Variations in Mineral Nutrients in Leaves and Shoots of Some Persimmon Cultivars Grown in Turkey(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2013) Yildiz, E.; Kaplankiran, M.Persimmon cultivars such as 'Vainiglia', 'Kaki Tipo', 'O-Gosho', 'Fuyu', 'Jirou', 'Hana Fuyu', 'Hachiya' and 'Amankaki', and genotypes such as 'Eylul' and 'Harbiye' were studied during a two-year period, from 2009 to 2010 in Dortyol-Hatay (Turkey). N, P, K, Na, Fe, Zn and Cu concentrations in the leaves of different persimmon genotypes decreased during vegetation cycle, whereas Ca, Mg and Mn contents increased during the same period. N, P, Mg, Zn and Mn contents in the shoots showed slightly different trend with one another. These nutrients reduced rapidly after budbreak, and the decreases continued during the growing season until mid-and late summer, then accumulations of them slowly began after fruit maturity. In the entire growing season, mean macro-nutrients such as N, P and K contents changed from 2.47 ('Jirou') to 2.84% ('Harbiye'), from 0.10 ('Eylul') to 0.15% ('O-Gosho') and from 0.89 ('Harbiye') to 1.61% ('O-Gosho'), respectively, and mean micro-nutrients such as Fe, Zn and Mn contents ranged between 53.19 ('Kaki Tipo') and 66.31 mg/L ('Fuyu'), between 7.34 ('Amankaki') and 11.90 mg/L ('Fuyu') and between 199.91 mg/L ('Kaki Tipo') and 306.90 mg/L ('Harbiye'), respectively. While N, K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Mn contents were more in the leaves than in the shoots, P, Na, Zn and Cu contents in the leaves were similar with those in the shoots.Öğe Variation in Some Growth, Fruit Yield and Quality Characteristics of Different Persimmon Cultivars in Dortyol-Hatay (Turkey)(Int Soc Horticultural Science, 2013) Yildiz, E.; Kaplankiran, M.Persimmon cultivars with pollination constant non-astringent ('O-Gosho', 'Fuyu', 'Jirou' and 'Hana Fuyu'), pollination variant non-astringent ('Amankaki', 'Vainiglia', 'Kaki Tipo' and 'Harbiye') and pollination constant astringent ('Hachiya' and 'Eylul') were studied in Dortyol-Hatay (Turkey) between 2009 and 2010. Some characteristics such as growth, fruit set, fruit yield and quality of different persimmon cultivars were determined. After bud burst occurred in late March - early April, rapid shoot growth took place and it was almost complet within a month. Shoot length ranged between 12.49 cm ('Kaki Tipo') and 15.54 cm ('Fuyu') for different persimmon cultivars. Rootstock-scion union ratio was the most ideal for 'Amankaki' (0.957), but it was undesirably low for 'Fuyu' (0.872). As much as 53.6% fruit drop was observed in the one month period after the flowering and pollination, and gradually decreased toward harvest. The highest fruit set ratio (31.9%) was found in 'Fuyu'. The most regular fruit bearing cultivars, estimated by alternate bearing index, were 'Jirou', 'Hana Fuyu' and 'Eylul' (0.16-0.20), whereas 'Hachiya' exhibited strong biennial bearing (0.57). Yield per tree was the highest in 'Eylul', 'Amankaki' and 'Fuyu' (50-52 kg/tree), whereas 'Harbiye' and 'O-Gosho' had the lowest yield (15 kg/tree). 'Hana Fuyu' had the highest average fruit weight (263.98 g). The maximum total soluble solid content at harvesting maturity was found for 'Hachiya' as 20.87%.Öğe Variation in some growth, fruit yield and quality characteristics of different persimmon cultivars in dörtyol-hatay (Turkey)(International Society for Horticultural Science, 2013) Yildiz, E.; Kaplankiran, M.Persimmon cultivars with pollination constant non-astringent ('O-Gosho', 'Fuyu', 'Jirou' and 'Hana Fuyu'), pollination variant non-astringent ('Amankaki', 'Vainiglia', 'Kaki Tipo' and 'Harbiye') and pollination constant astringent ('Hachiya' and 'Eylül') were studied in Dörtyol-Hatay (Turkey) between 2009 and 2010. Some characteristics such as growth, fruit set, fruit yield and quality of different persimmon cultivars were determined. After bud burst occurred in late March - early April, rapid shoot growth took place and it was almost complet within a month. Shoot length ranged between 12.49 cm ('Kaki Tipo') and 15.54 cm ('Fuyu') for different persimmon cultivars. Rootstock-scion union ratio was the most ideal for 'Amankaki' (0.957), but it was undesirably low for 'Fuyu' (0.872). As much as 53.6% fruit drop was observed in the one month period after the flowering and pollination, and gradually decreased toward harvest. The highest fruit set ratio (31.9%) was found in 'Fuyu'. The most regular fruit bearing cultivars, estimated by alternate bearing index, were 'Jirou', 'Hana Fuyu' and 'Eylül' (0.16-0.20), whereas 'Hachiya' exhibited strong biennial bearing (0.57). Yield per tree was the highest in 'Eylül', 'Amankaki' and 'Fuyu' (50-52 kg/tree), whereas 'Harbiye' and 'O-Gosho' had the lowest yield (15 kg/tree). 'Hana Fuyu' had the highest average fruit weight (263.98 g). The maximum total soluble solid content at harvesting maturity was found for 'Hachiya' as 20.87%.Öğe Yield and fruit quality performance of Nova and Robinson mandarins on three rootstocks in Eastern Mediterranean(Academic Journals, 2009) Demirkeser, T. H.; Kaplankiran, M.; Toplu, C.; Yildiz, E.Yield and fruit quality performances of Nova and Robinson mandarins were evaluated in the Mediterranean climate of Dortyol, Hatay, Turkey from 2002 to 2007. The cumulative yields of both Nova and Robinson mandarins over this 6 year production period were highest on Carrizo citrange and smallest on Troyer citrange. The fruit weight and seed content were affected by the rootstock in Nova mandarin. The heaviest fruits were obtained from Troyer citrange. For Robinson mandarins, the fruit weight and size were not affected by the rootstock, whereas the fruit color and skin structure were found to be affected by the rootstocks. In the two mandarin cultivars evaluated, the rind thickness, juice content, total soluble solids (TSS), total acidity (TA) and TSS/TA ratio were similar when the rootstocks were compared. For Nova and Robinson mandarins, all of the rootstocks gave good fruit quality for the fresh fruit markets in the Eastern Mediterranean region. In conclusion, we propose Carrizo and Troyer citranges as an alternative to sour orange rootstocks.
