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    Comparison of the partial root drying and conventional drip irrigation regimes on seed, oil yield quality, and economic return for peanut crop
    (Springer, 2023) Sezen, S. Metin; Yamac, Sevim Seda; Konuskan, Dilsat Bozdogan; Yilmaz, Ibrahim; Yildiz, Mehmet; Kara, Orhan; Maambo, Clever Mwika
    This study compares conventional drip irrigation (CDI) and partial root drying (PRD) on yield components, oil quality, and economic return of peanut crops in the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons in the Mediterranean climatic conditions of Turkiye. The main plots and subplots consisted of 3 irrigation frequencies (IF25; IF50 and IF75) and 7 irrigation levels (IL0.50 = 0.50, IL0.75 = 0.75, IL1.0 = 1.00, IL1.25 = 1.25, ILPRD50, ILPRD75, and ILPRD100). Of the subplots, 4 were CDI treatments (IL0.50 = 0.50, IL0.75 = 0.75, IL1.0 = 1.00, IL1.25 = 1.25), and 3 were PRD treatments (ILPRD50, ILPRD75, and ILPRD100). CDI treatments (IL0.50, IL0.75, IL1.0, and IL1.25) received 50, 75, 100, and 125 of Cumulative Pan Evaporation. In addition, PRD treatments (ILPRD50, ILPRD75, and ILPRD100) were considered. They received 50, 75, and 100% of IL1.0 treatment from alternate laterals, respectively. The largest and the smallest average peanut yields were obtained from the IF50IL1.25 and IF75IL0.50 treatments each year. The result showed that increasing the irrigation water amount increases the oil yield. The highest oil content, peanut yield, and generating maximum return were obtained from IF50IL1.25 in both growth years. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents were remarkably influenced by IFs and ILs. Stearic acid concentration considerably decreased under unstressed conditions, while palmitic acid values increase. The peanut quality was also affected under water stress with lower oil content. PRD has a marked effect on peanut quality under deficit irrigation of water applied with significantly reduced compared with DI. The high oil yield response factor (ky(oil)) value acquired for the peanut crop indicated its high sensitivity to irrigation interval and water deficit. It was determined that there are considerable linear relationships between the oleic acid and linoleic acid contents compared to crop evapotranspiration (ETc) during different irrigation intervals in each season. Economic assessment expressed that IF50IL1.25 treatment attained the highest seed and oil yield of peanuts and maximum net return in both seasons. Overall, the findings showed that pod yield per hectare, pod weight per plant, pod number per plant, shelling percentage, palmitic and linoleic acid percentage, oil percentage, and 100-seed weight values increased with increasing irrigation water at each irrigation interval, but oleic and stearic acid percentages decreased in both years.
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    Vegetative compatibility groups in Verticillium dahliae isolates from olive in western Turkey
    (Springer, 2007) Dervis, Sibel; Erten, Latife; Soylu, Soner; Tok, Fatih M.; Kurt, Sener; Yildiz, Mehmet; Soylu, E. Mine
    Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is the most serious disease in olive cultivation areas in western Turkey. Two hundred and eight isolates of V. dahliae from olive (Olea europea var. sativa) trees were taken for vegetative compatibility analysis using nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants. One isolate did not produce a nit mutant. Nit mutants of 207 isolates were tested against tester strains of internationally known vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) 1A, 2A, 2B, 3, 4A and 4B, and also paired in many combinations among themselves. One hundred and eighty nine of the isolates (90.9%) were strongly compatible with T9, the tester strain of VCG1A, and thus were assigned to VCG1A. Eight isolates were assigned to VCG2A and four isolates to VCG4B. One isolate was heterokaryon self-incompatible (HSI) and five isolates could not be grouped to any of the VCGs tested. Pathogenicity assays were conducted on a susceptible olive cultivar (O. europea cv. Manzanilla) and a susceptible local cotton cultivar (Gossypium hirsutum cv. Cukurova 1518). Both cotton and olive inoculated with all VCG1A isolates showed defoliating symptoms in greenhouse tests. This is the first report on VCGs in V. dahliae from olive trees in Turkey which demonstrates that VCG1A of the cotton-defoliating type is the most commonly detected form from olive plants in the western part of Turkey.
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    Vegetative compatibility groups of Verticillium dahliae from cotton in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey
    (Springer, 2008) Dervis, Sibel; Kurt, Sener; Soylu, Soner; Erten, Latife; Soylu, E. Mine; Yildiz, Mehmet; Tok, Fatih M.
    Eighty isolates of Verticillium dahliae from the southeastern Anatolia region and 20 isolates from the east Mediterranean region from wilted cotton plants were used for vegetative compatibility analysis employing nitrate non-utilizing mutants and reference tester strains of vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) 1A, 2A, 2B, 3, 4A and 4B. Of the 100 V dahliae isolates, 49 were assigned to VCG1A, 39 to VCG2B, nine to VCG2A and three to VCG4B. Pathogenicity assays were conducted on susceptible cotton cv. Cukurova 1518 in the greenhouse. All VCG1A isolates induced defoliation and all VCG2B isolates caused partial defoliation symptoms. Isolates of VCG2A and VCG4B caused typical symptoms of leaf chlorosis without defoliation. This is the first report on VCGs of V. dahliae in the southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey, which demonstrates that VCG1A of the cotton-defoliating type and VCG2B of the partially defoliating type are prevalent in this region.