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    Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated with Higher Serum Cys-C and NGAL Concentrations, and Risk of Mortality in Premature Calves with Respiratory Distress Syndrome
    (Mdpi, 2023) Ider, Merve; Ok, Mahmut; Naseri, Amir; Erturk, Alper; Parlak, Tugba Melike; Yildiz, Ramazan; Durgut, Murat Kaan
    Simple Summary This study aimed to evaluate hypoxic acute kidney injury in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome using kidney-specific biomarkers. Ten-term healthy calves and 70 premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome were included in the study. At admission and 72 h, arterial blood gas analysis to evaluate hypoxia and serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, phosphorus, cystatin-C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, uromodulin, and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein concentrations were measured for evaluation of kidney functions. Acute renal failure developed in 38.5% of premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. The mortality risk in premature calves with acute renal failure was four times higher than in those without acute kidney injury. In addition, serum cystatin-C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations were significantly higher in calves with acute kidney injury than those without. In conclusion, it causes acute renal failure in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. Cystatin-C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were found to be useful markers of hypoxic-acute kidney injury in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to establish the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) and evaluate the usefulness of kidney-specific biomarkers in diagnosing AKI in premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Ten-term healthy and 70 premature calves with RDS were enrolled. Clinical examination, blood gases, and chemical analysis were performed at admission and 72 h. Serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), phosphorus (P), cystatin-C (Cys-C), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), uromodulin (UMOD), and liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) were measured to evaluate kidney injury. Our findings showed that 38.5% of the premature calves with RDS developed AKI. The RDS-AKI group had a 4-fold higher mortality risk than the RDS-non-AKI group. Cys-C, with 90% and 89% specificity, and NGAL, with 100% sensitivity and 85% specificity, were the most reliable biomarkers to determine AKI in premature calves. The usefulness of any biomarker to predict mortality was not found to be convincing. In conclusion, AKI can develop as a consequence of hypoxia in premature calves and may increase the risk of mortality. In addition, serum Cys-C and NGAL concentrations may be useful in the diagnosis of AKI in premature calves with RDS.
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    The effect of multiple-dose ivermectin treatment on CD4+/CD8+and the oxidative stress index in goats with udder viral papillomatosis
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Bozkurt, Gokhan; Kaya, Feyyaz; Yildirim, Yakup; Yildiz, Ramazan; Gungor, Orsan; Dogan, Firat; Ayozger, Leyla Elif Ozgu
    This study aims to reveal the therapeutic effect of ivermectin against Capra hircus papillomavirus (ChPV-1) infection and on the CD4+/CD8+ (cluster of differentiation) and oxidative stress index (OSI). Twenty hair goats naturally infected with ChPV-1 were divided into two groups with equal numbers as the ivermectin group and the control groups. Ivermectin was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg to the goats in the ivermectin group on days 0, 7, and 21. Blood samples were collected from the vena jugularis on days 0, 21, 45, and 90. The cluster of differentiation4+/CD8+ ratio was significantly higher in the ivermectin group than in the control group on the 90th day. Furthermore, the CD8+ concentration was significantly decreased in the iver-mectin group on the 90th day compared with the control group. Both total oxidant status (TOS) and OSI were found to be significantly higher in the control group on the 21st and 45th days than in the ivermectin group. On the 90th day, it was determined that the lesions in the ivermectin group improved significantly compared to those in the control group. Additionally, only in the ivermectin group was there a significant difference between the 90th day and the other days in terms of healing. As a result, it can be suggested that ivermectin has positive effects on the immune response and that its oxidative actions are of therapeutic value and do not harm the systemic oxidative status, as in untreated goats.
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    HEART-TYPE FATTY ACID-BINDING PROTEIN (H-FABP), PENTRAXIN-3 (PTX-3) AND THROMBOMODULIN IN BOVINE TRAUMATIC PERICARDITIS
    (Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2019) Yildiz, Ramazan; Ok, Mahmut; Ider, Merve; Aydogdu, Ugur; Erturk, Alper
    The aim of this study was to evaluate the biomarkers of cardiac damage such as heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), pentraxin-3 (PTX-3), and thrombomodulin (TM) for the detection and prognosis of bovine traumatic pericarditis (TP). Spontaneous TP was diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical signs, complete blood count, glutaraldehyde test, ultrasonography, and pericardiocentesis findings. H-FABP, PTX-3 and TM levels in serum were compared between 25 Holstein cows diagnosed with spontaneous TP and 10 healthy control cows using bovine-specific ELISA kits. Serum H-FABP in cattle with TP was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the control group and positively correlated with cardiac troponin-I (cTnI), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), PTX-3 and TM (r = 0.683, 0.342, 0.448 and 0.424, respectively; P < 0.05). The serum levels of PTX-3 (P < 0.05) and TM (P < 0.05) in cattle with TP were significantly higher than in the control group. Cardiac damage biomarkers H-FABP, PTX-3 and TM may be useful in the diagnosis of bovine TP.
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    Investigation of gastrointestinal injury-related biomarkers in dairy cattle with displaced abomasum
    (Wiley, 2023) Ider, Merve; Yildiz, Ramazan; Naseri, Amir; Gulersoy, Erdem; Alkan, Fahrettin; Ok, Mahmut; Erturk, Alper
    BackgroundDisplaced abomasum (DA) is one of the most important metabolic disorders of dairy cattle. In DA, ischaemic damage may occur as a result of impaired perfusion due to abomasal displacement, which may result in gastrointestinal mucosal damage.ObjectiveInvestigation of gastrointestinal tissue damage in cattle with right displacement of the abomasum (RDA) and left displacement of the abomasum (LDA) using intestinal-related biomarkers.MethodsForty-eight DA (24 LDA, 24 RDA) and 15 healthy Holstein dairy cows were enrolled between March 2021 and July 2022. Serum biomarkers including gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTG-2), liver-fatty acid binding proteins (L-FABP), platelet activating factor (PAF), trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3), leptin, claudin-3 and interleukin-8 (IL-8) concentrations were measured from venous blood samples.ResultsL-FABP concentrations in the LDA group and TFF-3 concentrations in the RDA group were lower than in the control group. The leptin concentration of the RDA group was higher than that of the other groups. There was a negative correlation between lactate, leptin and IL-8 concentrations. There was a negative correlation between lactate and TFF-3, whereas leptin and lactate were positively correlated. Leptin was the more reliable biomarker for discriminating between RDA and LDA cases.ConclusionChanges in serum L-FABP, TFF-3 and leptin concentrations in cattle with DA may reflect acute intestinal injury and the subsequent repair phase. However, these biomarkers had poor diagnostic performance in discriminating between healthy and cattle with DA, while leptin emerged as the most useful marker in differentiating LDA from RDA cases. In this study, intestinal injury-related biomarkers were evaluated in serum samples from dairy cows with displaced abomasum (DA). Serum fatty acid binding proteins, trefoil factor-3 and leptin concentrations in cattle with DA indicate that intestinal damage develops in DA cases and the repair phase is activated against this damage.image
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    Use of intestine-related biomarkers for detecting intestinal epithelial damage in neonatal calves with diarrhea
    (Amer Veterinary Medical Assoc, 2020) Ok, Mahmut; Yildiz, Ramazan; Hatipoglu, Fatih; Baspinar, Nuri; Ider, Merve; Uney, Kamil; Erturk, Alper
    OBJECTIVE To evaluate the usefulness of intestinal biomarkers in determining the presence of intestinal epithelial damage in neonatal calves with diarrhea caused by 4 etiologic agents. ANIMALS 40 neonatal calves that were healthy (n = 10) or had diarrhea (30). PROCEDURES The study was a cross-sectional study. Results of hematologic analyses and serum concentrations of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), trefoil factor 3 (TFF-3), Claudin-3 (CLDN-3), gamma-enteric smooth muscle actin (ACTG2), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), platelet-activating factor (PAF), and leptin (LP) were compared among calves grouped according to whether they were healthy (control group; G-1) or had diarrhea caused by K99 Escherichia coli (G-2; n = 10), bovine rota-or coronavirus (G-3; 5 each), or Cryptosporidium spp (G-4; 10). RESULTS Across the 3 time points at which blood samples were obtained and evaluated, the groups of calves with diarrhea generally had markedly higher mean serum concentrations of L-FABP, TFF-3, IAP, IL-8, and LP, compared with the control group. In addition, G-2 also consistently had markedly higher mean serum concentrations of I-FAB and ACTG2 and lower mean serum concentrations of CLDN-3, compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that degree of intestinal epithelial damage differed among calves grouped by the etiologic agent of diarrhea and that such damage might have been more severe in calves with diarrhea caused by K99 E coli. Additionally, our results indicated that serum concentrations of I-FABP, L-FABP, TFF-3, IAP, IL-8, ACTG2, LP, and CLDN-3 were useful biomarkers of intestinal epithelial damage in calves of the present study.