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Öğe Effect of dietary olive pomace oil and L-carnitine on growth and chemical composition of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)(Israeli Journal Of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 2004) Yilmaz, E; Naz, M; Akyurt, IThe effects of dietary olive pomace oil and L-carnitine on growth performance, body indices and chemical composition of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, were investigated. A 3x2 factorial design was used by offering diets having three different energy/protein ratios and supplemental L-carnitine at either 0 or 2000 mg/kg diet. Ten juvenile African catfish (12 g/fish) were stocked into 80-I glass aquaria and fed an experimental diet for seven weeks. The L-carnitine supplementation did not affect body indices. However, growth and chemical composition were influenced by both dietary lipid and L-carnitine. The increase in muscle lipid was greater than in the liver for all treatments. Fish fed the high energy diet (9% olive pomace oil) had a low appetite and feed intake, while fish fed the low energy diet (3% olive pomace oil) and supplemental L-carnitine had better feed intake and growth. On the other hand, fish fed the high energy diet (9% olive pomace oil) with or without L-carnitine had better feed conversion.Öğe The effect of varying dietary energy on growth and feeding behaviour of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, under experimental conditions(Elsevier, 2005) Yilmaz, E; Sahin, A; Duru, M; Akyurt, IIn this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of five isonitrogenous (35% CP) diets I, II, III, IV and V, having respective energy contents 10.85,11.82,12.73,13.69 and 15.06 MJ DE kg(-1) on feeding behaviour and growth of common carp with relation to each other. These energetic diets were made by additions of different amount of soy-acid oil with equalizing dietary protein content. Experimental fishes were grouped as Group I, II, III, IV and V. Each group of fish was fed on their respective diet (Group I was fed diet I). Diets were offered to fishes twice a day as two meals at 9:00 a.m. and 17:00 p.m. for 60 days. Behavioural observations were recorded twice a week at 10 min intervals for I h period. Fish that had the lowest energetic diet showed the best growth and feed conversion ratio compared to those fed with higher energetic diets (P < 0.05). In addition, fishes that had the lowest energetic diet were more active than the others with respect to total (swimming + foraging + grouping + attention to servicer) activity (P < 0.01). The present results suggested that soy-acid oil should not be used in common carp diet to increase its energy content. Experimental fishes were more active in the mornings than evenings (P < 0.01), showing the common carp is a typical diurnal eater. In conclusion, the current results showed that high energetic diets decreased the appetite of fish, as evidenced the reduction in growth, feed intake, foraging activity and attention to the servicer. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Effects of dietary fish oil, soy-acid oil, and yellow grease on growth and hepatic lipidosis of hybrid tilapia fry(Society Of Israeli Aquaculture & Marine Biotechnology, 2005) Genc, E; Yilmaz, E; Akyurt, IThe objective of this study was to compare the effects of dietary lipids on growth and liver histopathology of hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus, fry (6.0 g). Fish were fed one of six diets containing 8.4% fish oil (control), 8.4% soy-acid oil, 8.4% yellow grease, 5.6% yellow grease plus 2.8% soy-acid oil, 2.8% yellow grease plus 4.6% soy-acid oil, or 4.2% soy-acid oil plus 4.2% yellow grease for 60 days. Growth was similar in all groups and retarded in comparison to earlier studies. Lipid accumulation as well as microvesicular (foamy degeneration) and macrovesicular degeneration in the liver were histopathologically detected.Öğe The effects of two chemo-attractants and different first feeds on the growth performances of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) at different larval stages(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2005) Yilmaz, EIn this study, 4 days old African catfish larvae were fed with trout starter diet, minced beef liver and fresh water mussel, dried tubifex, DL-alanine and betaine supplemented trout starter. artemia nauplii and a combined diet consisting of boiled chicken egg yolk, minced mussel and dried tubifex as the first feed after yolk absorption for a week. At the end of the first period, it was observed that DL-alanine and betaine supplementation did not improve the larval growth and survival compared to other feeds. in the second stage of this study, ten days old larvae of Clarias gariepinus were fed with trout starter, artemia and trout starter, only DL- alanine, only betaine and both DL- alanine and betaine supplemented trout starter diets for 30 days. In contrast to first stage, DL-alanine and betaine supplementation improved the growth and survival rates. These results showed that DL-alanine and betaine did not have any attracting role in the pre-larval stage; however, in the post-larval stage, they had a very strong effect on the survival and growth rate of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus.Öğe Escape of photons and electrons from an HPGe detector at 81 keV(Wiley, 2006) Yilmaz, E; Peköz, R; Can, CEscape of Ge K x-rays, Compton-scattered incident radiation and photoelectrons from an HPGe detector was investigated for 81 keV incident photons. All three escape mechanisms were observed in the same experiment. Experimental escape fractions were compared with the results from Monte Carlo simulations. Good agreement was obtained for the escape of photons. However, the simulations underestimated the escape of photoelectrons. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
