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    Crash testing and evaluation of a new generation L1 containment level guardrail
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2014) Atahan, Ali Osman; Yucel, Ayhan Oner; Erdem, Muhammet Musab
    Guardrails are one of the widely used passive safety devices designed to absorb loads applied by impacting vehicles. In this paper, development process of a new lightweight L1 containment level steel guardrail, called AG04-2.0, is explained. A series of full-scale crash tests were performed for the crashworthiness evaluation of AG04-2.0 system. AG04-2.0 failed to meet the EN1317 criteria at 10,000 kg truck test, called TB42. In the subsequent TB42 test when another brand truck was used the identical system successfully met the criteria. Additional crash tests, TB11 and TB32, were performed on AG04-2.0 system with 900 and 1500 kg passenger cars, respectively. To determine the effect of rail type on crash test performance both A and B type rails were utilized in the tests. Based on the extensive evaluations AG04-2.0 successfully passed all six crash tests and met L1 containment level requirements for both A and B type rails. Test results show that the difference in performance for the guardrail incorporating either A or B rail is fairly small. Moreover, it was concluded that variation in properties of 10,000 kg truck plays an important role in crash test outcome and thus a more detailed vehicle selection criteria in EN1317 are recommended. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Crumb rubber in concrete: Static and dynamic evaluation
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2012) Atahan, Ali O.; Yucel, Ayhan Oner
    In this study, six different concrete mix designs containing various amounts of coarse and fine crumb rubber were tested for properties important to concrete safety barriers. Eighteen samples - three of each mix design - were tested under static compression to determine the compressive strength and elastic modulus values. Another eighteen samples were subjected to dynamic drop tests to assess the effect of rubber on energy dissipation. Test results show that increasing the amount of rubber decreases the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the concrete, while significantly increasing impact time and energy dissipation capacity. It was determined that replacing 20-40% of aggregates with crumb rubber creates concrete mixes that would be useful for concrete safety barriers in locations where strength, fracture resistance and energy dissipation are required. Finally, concrete mixes with greater than 60% of aggregates replaced by crumb rubber would be useful for concrete impact attenuators in locations where low impact severity is of ultimate importance, and fracture or fragmentation upon impact is acceptable. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.