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Öğe Considering potential roles of selected MicroRNAs in evaluating subclinical mastitis and Milk quality in California mastitis test (+) and infected bovine milk(Wiley, 2024) Ozkan, Huseyin; Keceli, Hasan Huseyin; Kaya, Ufuk; Dalkiran, Sevda; Yuksel, Murat; Tek, Erhan; Yakan, AkinThis study investigates the relationships between subclinical mastitis and milk quality with selected microRNAs in cow milk. California Mastitis Test (CMT)-positive (n = 20) and negative (n = 20) samples were compared (Experiment I). Additionally, samples with CMT-positive but microbiological-negative, as well as positive for only Staphylococcus subspecies (Staph spp.) and only Streptococcus subspecies (Strep spp.) were examined (Experiment II). Four groups were formed in Experiment II: Group I (CMT and microbiological-negative) (n = 20), Group II (CMT-positive but microbiological-negative) (n = 10), Group III (Staph spp.) (n = 5), Group IV (Strep spp.) (n = 5). While electrical conductivity, somatic cell count (SCC), malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated and miR-125b downregulated in the CMT-positive group in Experiment I. SCC and MDA were higher in CMT-positive groups. miR-27a-3p and miR-223 upregulated in Groups III and IV. While miR-155 is upregulated, miR-125b downregulated in Group IV. Milk fat is positively correlated with miR-148a and miR-223. As miR-27a-3p positively correlated with SCC and MDA, miR-125b negatively correlated with electrical conductivity and SCC. miR-148a and MDA were positively correlated. miR-155 was correlated with fat-free dry matter, protein, lactose, and freezing point. miR-223 was positively correlated with SCC and miR-148a. Results particularly highlight miR-27a-3p and miR-223 as potential biomarkers in subclinical mastitis, especially those caused by Staph spp. and Strep spp., while miR-148a, miR-155, and miR-223 stand out in determining milk quality.Öğe Effect of Xylazine on Pharmacokinetics and Physiological Efficacy of Intravenous Carprofen in Castrated Goats Kids(Mdpi, 2023) Uney, Kamil; Yuksel, Murat; Corum, Duygu Durna; Coskun, Devran; Turk, Erdinc; Dingil, Hasan Basri; Corum, OrhanCarprofen can be used in the castration process of male goats due to its low side effects, long elimination half-life, and long-term effect. However, no studies were found on the pharmacokinetics and physiological efficacy of carprofen when employed for castration in male goats. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of xylazine (0.05 mg/kg, intramuscular) on the pharmacokinetics and physiological efficacy following intravenous administration of carprofen (4 mg/kg, intravenous) in male goat kids castrated using the burdizzo method. Thirty male Kilis goat kids (5-6 months and 18-30 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6) as follows: healthy control (HC), castration control (CAST), castration+carprofen (CAST+CRP), castration+xylazine (CAST+XYL), and castration+xylazine+carprofen (CAST+XYL+CRP). Plasma concentrations of carprofen were analyzed via a non-compartmental method. Physiological parameters including serum cortisol, scrotal temperature, rectal temperature, and scrotal circumference were determined. Xylazine caused a decrease in the volume of distribution and clearance and an increase in the area under the curve of carprofen in CAST+XYL+CRP group (p < 0.05). The mean cortisol concentrations in CAST+CRP and CAST+XYL remained lower compared to CAST (p < 0.05). The mean cortisol concentrations in CAST+XYL+CRP were lower than in CAST+CRP and CAST+XYL (p < 0.05). In addition, the effect of carprofen administration alone on reducing the initial cortisol response to castration was observed from 6 to 48 h, while in combination with xylazine, it was observed immediately up to 48 h. No treatment differences were observed in rectal temperature, scrotal temperature, and scrotal circumference (p > 0.05). Xylazine caused an increase in plasma concentration and a decrease in clearance of carprofen after co-administration. However, when the effect of the combined administration of carprofen with xylazine on cortisol is evaluated, their combined use in castration process may be beneficial.Öğe Effects of Oxidative Stress-Related Major Molecular Parameters on Milk Composition in Weaning Period of Damascus Goats [1](Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2022) Ozkan, Huseyin; Dalkiran, Sevda; Karaaslan, Irem; Kaya, Ufuk; Camdeviren, Baran; Yuksel, Murat; Yakan, AkinThe weaning process in goat breeding is applied in various methods depending on the breeding administration. In this study, blood and milk samples have been collected from Damascus goats at the weaning day (postpartum 105th day-weaned day) and a week later (post-weaned day). In addition to determining cortisol and MDA in plasma, COX-2 and NFE2L2 activities have been investigated both mRNA and protein levels from leucocytes and plasma. Compositional parameters of milk have also been analyzed and the possible relations between studied parameters have been investigated. While expression levels of COX-2 and SCC of milk decreased, pH of milk was increased in post-weaned day samples. The MDA, FFDM, protein, lactose and freezing point were decreased in the post-weaned day. Milk fat was negatively correlated with NFE2L2, and milk protein had positively correlated with SCC and FFDM. On the other hand, lactose was positively correlated with FFDM and protein. In addition, most of the compositional parameters positively correlated with a freezing point; they were negatively correlated with electrical conductivity. According to the results obtained from the study, it is thought that the decrease in milk fat in goats may be an indicator of increased oxidative stress in lactating goats due to the increase in NFE2L2 protein, which has a central role in the antioxidant response.Öğe The levels of milk fatty acids and alterations of correlations between them in weaning process in damascus goats(Sivar-Soc Italiana Veterinari Animali Reddito, 2022) Ozkan, Huseyin; Karaaslan, Irem; Kaya, Ufuk; Dalkiran, Sevda; Yuksel, Murat; Yakan, AkinWeaning in goat breeding is applied with varying periods and practices. During lactation stages, there are notable changes in the fatty acid profile of goat milk. Weaning is one of the potential breeding practices that may affects the milk fatty acid profile in goats. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in fatty acid profile of milk during weaning process in Damascus goats. Possible changes in the relationships between milk fatty acids and Somatic Cell Score (SCS) were also investigated in the study. Milk samples were collected during morning milking from 24 healthy Damascus goats in the weaned day ( WD) and one week after the weaning (Post Weaned Day, PWD). SCS and fatty acid profile of collected milk samples in both sampled days were determined. Nutritive value, odour and atherogenic indexes of milk samples were also evaluated. While SCS was dramatically decreased after weaning, significant changes at varying levels were determined in milk fatty acids. The levels of C10:0, C12:0, C16:0, and C20:5 n3 fatty acids were lower in the PWD samples than the WD samples, while C11:0, C16:1 n7, C17:0, C17:1 n8, C18:1 n9, C20:0, C20:3 n6, C21:0, C23:0, and C24:0 fatty acids were found at higher levels. Compared to WD samples, Long-chained Fatty Acids (LCFA), Unsaturated Fatty Acids (UFA), Mono-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA), and Nutritive value parameters were higher in PWD samples. On the other hand, Medium-Chained Fatty Acids (MCFA), Saturated-Fatty Acids (SFA), and atherogenic index were found lower in PWD samples than WD samples. Furthermore, it was determined that the correlations between the fatty acids in milk were changed after weaning application. It was determined that the weaning process had considerable effects on the milk fatty acid profile, and it was thought that the milk quality of Damascus goats increased significantly after weaning application.Öğe Pharmacokinetics of letrozole and effects of its increasing doses on gonadotropins in ewes during the breeding season(Wiley, 2024) Kivrak, Mehmet Bugra; Corum, Orhan; Yuksel, Murat; Turk, Erdinc; Corum, Duygu Durna; Tekeli, Ibrahim Ozan; Uney, KamilLetrozole is a non-steroidal, third-generation aromatase inhibitor used in humans. Although letrozole is not approved for use in animals, it is used off-label in cases of synchronization and infertility. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of letrozole after a single intravenous administration at three different doses in ewes during the breeding season and its effect on gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)) at the beginning of proestrus. The study was carried out on 24 healthy Merino ewes. Ewes were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6) as control, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations of letrozole were measured using HPLC-UV and were analyzed by non-compartmental analysis. LH and FSH concentrations were measured with a commercial ELISA kit. The terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2 lambda z)) was significantly prolonged from 11.82 to 18.44 h in parallel with the dose increase. The dose-normalized area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) increased, and total body clearance (Cl-T) decreased at the 1 and 2 mg/kg doses (0.05 L/h/kg) compared with the 0.5 mg/kg dose (0.08 L/h/kg). There were no differences in the volume of distribution at steady-state and initial (C-0.083h) plasma concentration values between dose groups. The decreased ClT, prolonged t(1/2 lambda z), and increased AUC at increasing doses showed the nonlinear kinetic behavior of letrozole. Letrozole significantly reduced LH concentration without affecting FSH concentration at all doses. As a result, letrozole has the potential to be used in synchronization methods and manipulation of the follicular waves due to its effect on LH secretion.Öğe Safranal's therapeutic effects in rat models of polycystic ovary syndrome(Springernature, 2024) Cellat, Mustafa; Kuzu, Muslum; Guvenc, Mehmet; Yuksel, Murat; Kanat, Ozgur; Bozkurt, Yesim Akaydin; Etyemez, MuhammedPolycystic ovary syndrome is one of the leading causes of female infertility in reproductive age. In this work, the protective effects of safranal against letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats were examined. For this purpose, 32 Wistar albino female rats were split into four groups. Each group received the following treatments for 21 days: Group 1 received carboxymethylcellulose (1%, 2 ml/kg); Group 2, letrozole (1 mg/kg), Group 3, safranal (200 mg/kg); and Group 4 letrozole and safranal via oral gavage. We identified estrus cycles in the rats and analyzed various parameters in their serum and ovarian tissues, as well as histopathologic findings. The parameters studied included C-reactive protein, glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and luteinizing hormone levels in serum. Additionally, the study measured malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase levels in ovarian tissue. We also examined tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1beta parameters in serum and ovarian tissues, as well as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 and heme oxygenase-1 protein levels. In the letrozole group, the estrus cycle was disrupted, and all parameters, except for glutathione and glutathione peroxidase, showed impairments compared to the control group. The findings showed that glucose, triacylglyceride, catalase, and heme oxygenase-1 levels slightly improved after safranal treatment, however, other parameters showed statistically significant improvements. Furthermore, safranal treatment reduced the development of cystic follicles while preserving tissue architecture, as revealed by histopathologic findings. Based on the results obtained, it may be argued that safranal's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with its ability to regulate sex hormone levels and manage dyslipidemia, make it a promising solution for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
