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    Endometrial Injury Upregulates Expression of Receptivity Genes in Women with Implantation Failure
    (MDPI, 2023) Celik, Onder; Yurci, Arzu; Ersahin, Aynur; Gungor, Nur D.; Celik, Nilufer; Ozcil, Mustafa D.; Dogan, Serdar
    Background: Homeobox genes A10 (HOXA10) and A11 (HOXA11), members of the abdominal B gene family, are responsible for embryonic survival and implantation. This study was planned to investigate whether endometrial injury alters the expression of both transcripts in women with implantation failure. Methods: A total of 54 women with implantation failure were divided into two equal groups as experimental (scratching) and sham (no scratching). Participants in the scratching group were exposed to endometrial injury in the mid-luteal phase, and those in the sham group were exposed to endometrial flushing. The scratching group, but not the sham group, underwent prior endometrial sampling. A second endometrial sampling was performed on the scratching group in the mid-luteal phase of the following cycle. The mRNA and protein levels of the HOXA10 and 11 transcripts were determined in endometrial samples collected before and after injury/flushing. Participants in each group underwent IVF/ET in the cycle after the second endometrial sampling. Results: Endometrial injury caused a 60.1-fold (p < 0.01) increase in HOXA10 mRNA and a 9.0-fold increase in HOXA11 mRNA (p < 0.02). Injury resulted in a significant increase in both HOXA10 (p < 0.001) and HOXA11 protein expression (p < 0.003). There was no significant change in HOXA10 and 11 mRNA expressions after flushing. Clinical pregnancy, live birth, and miscarriage rates of the both groups were similar. Conclusions: Endometrial injury increases homeobox transcript expression at both mRNA and protein levels. © 2023 by the authors.
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    Öğe
    Receptivity-based uterine fibroid surgery: an updated systematic review of the evidence
    (Imr Press, 2022) Celik, Onder; Koc, Onder; Yurci, Arzu; Ersahin, Aynur; Celik, Nilufer; Tanilir, Fatma; Gurkan, Naziye
    Background: Analyzing expression patterns of receptivity genes is a minimally invasive diagnostic method to identify the underlying cause of subfertility in women with uterine fibroid with a history of implantation failure or recurrent pregnancy loss. This updated systematic review was designed to determine the molecular and genetic changes in the endometrium of women with fibroid and how myomctomy affect the outcome of spontaneous or assisted conception treatment. We also discussed the extent to which we should consider the effects of fibroids on endometrial receptivity when deciding whether or not to perform myomectomy. Methods: A total of 184 articles reached as a result of PubMed research and meeting the selection criteria, were evaluated. Of these, 28 full text articles on uterine leiomyoma and endometrium, leiomyoma and receptivity, fibroid and implantation, myomectomy and implantation, fibroid and genes, fibroid surgery and receptivity, fibroid and uterine peristalsis, fibroid and immune cell were evaluated. Results: The endometrium of subfertile women with fibroid appears to have a disease specific pattern according to the type of the fibroid. The response of the endometrium to a fibroid may vary depending on whether the fibroid is close or far from it. Leiomyomas that contribute to subfertility must be near to or in contact with the endometrium, as is the case for Types 0, 1 and 2 leiomyomas. The proximity to the endometrial cavity makes the effect of fibroid on the endometrium more pronounced. While Type 3 fibroid causes subfertility similar to submucosal fibroids, the subfertility-producing effects of Type 4 fibroids have not been clearly clarified. However, the fact that the fibroid is far from the cavity should not mean that it has no effect on the endometrium. The mechanical stress created by a Type 4 fibroid that is not connected to the endometrium may be converted into biological signal and disrupt receptivity. Data on whether myomectomy restores impaired receptivity are mostly based on clinical observations, and studies evaluating endometrial receptivity before and after myomectomy are very few. Conclusions: Analysis of receptivity genes in subfertile women with fibroid may assist the clinician in deciding whether or not to perform myomectomy. If it is determined whether fibroids affect receptivity other than their mechanical effects, the indications for myomectomy may expand or narrow.