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    Comparison of Enamel Discoloration using Flash-Free and Conventional Adhesive Brackets with Different Finishing Protocols
    (Galenos Publ House, 2023) Kaya, Abdullah; Zortuk, Fundagul Bilgic
    Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of flash-free and conventional adhesive brackets and different finishing techniques on enamel discoloration. Methods: Forty human premolar teeth were utilized and randomly divided into four groups based on the type of brackets and finishing technique: (1) Gemini((R)) brackets were used for orthodontic bonding. After debanding, adhesive remnants were cleaned using a 12-blade tungsten carbide bur. (2) Gemini((R)) suspenders were used for orthodontic bonding. After debanding the brackets, adhesive remnants were cleaned using12-blade APC(TM) Flash-Free brackets were used for orthodontic bonding. After debanding, adhesive remnants were cleaned a 12-blade tungsten carbide bur and polished with Sof-Lex disks. (4) APC(TM) Flash-Free brackets were used for orthodontic bonding. After debanding, the adhesive remnants were cleaned using a 12-blade tungsten carbide bur. A Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer was used to measure the color change values of the 40 teeth. Results: The color change of the enamel surface in the Flash Free bracket group was significantly less than that in the conventional groups (p=0.003 p < 0.05). The mean.E values obtained from the Sof-Lex groups were lower than those obtained from the groups without Sof-Lex, but these results were not statistically significant (p=0.280 p > 0.05). Conclusion: It is recommended to use Flash-Free brackets and polish with Sof-Lex disk following the clean-up procedures to minimize the possibility of discoloration of the teeth during orthodontic treatment.
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    Effects of different primers and colouring solutions on orthodontic bonding: shear bond strength and colour change
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Eren, Hatice Kuebra; Zortuk, Fundagul Bilgic
    Objectives This in vitro study evaluated the effect of different colouring solutions and primer systems used in the bonding of brackets on enamel colour change and bond strength.Materials and methods 120 premolar teeth were divided into four main groups; brackets were bonded with 37% orthophosphoric acid + Transbond XT Primer in Group 1, 3 M Single Bond Universal in Group 2, Transbond Plus SEP in Group 3, and G-Premio Bond in Group 4. Each group was divided into three subgroups, and the teeth were placed in a cup containing coffee and tea mixture, in a cup containing cola and in distilled water. A bond strength test was applied to all teeth. Colour measurements of all teeth were performed at 2 different times: before bonding and after the bond strength test.Results The average bond strength of the 37% orthophosphoric acid group was higher than that of the other groups. The effect of primer and solution groups on colour change was statistically significant (p = 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively).Conclusions In this study, the bond strength was clinically sufficient in all primer groups. The highest colour change was observed when the tea-coffee solution and Transbond Plus SEP primer were used.Clinical relevance This study has identified enamel discoloration and bond strength from different colouring solutions and primer systems used for bonding braces, which can be used to inform clinicians and patients to achieve better treatment results.
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    The Pharyngeal Airways of Patients with Class II Malocclusion: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Analysis
    (Univ Indonesia, 2021) Unuvar, Yazgi Ay; Zortuk, Fundagul Bilgic; Ozer, Torun; Beycan, Kadir
    Background: This study aimed to compare the minimum axial (min Ax) area and the volumes of the nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) airways of patients with Class II malocclusion with different sagittal positions of the mandible and maxilla and patients with Class I malocclusion with normal jaw positions. Methods: Airway areas and volumes of 51 patients with Class I malocclusion with normal maxillary and mandibular positions (0 < ANB < 4, 84 > SNA > 80, and 82 > SNB > 78) were compared with 21 patients with Class II malocclusion with normal maxillary and retrognathic mandibular positions (ANB>4, 84>SNA>80, and SNB<78) and 21 patients with Class II malocclusion with prognathic maxillary and normal mandibular positions (ANB>4, SNA>84, and 82>SNB>78). Results: In the comparison of airway measurements between Class I and Class II groups, significant differences were found in the OP airway volume, total airway volume, and minimum OP axial area. Patients with Class II mandibular retrusion had smaller OP airway volume. The total airway volume and min Ax area were significantly lower in the Class II mandibular retrusion group than in other groups. Conclusions: The sagittal position of the jaws affects the OP airway volume and the minimum axial airway area, but not the NP airway volume.
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    Volumetric measurements of mandibular incisor root resorption following Forsus FRD EZ2 and Bionator appliance treatment using cone-beam computed tomography: A preliminary study
    (Scientific Scholar Llc, 2020) Meric, Pamir; Zortuk, Fundagul Bilgic; Karadede, M. Irfan
    Objectives: Root resorption is one of the frequently encountered problems in orthodontic treatments. The effects of functional appliances on root resorption have not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of this study was to compare volumetric root resorption of mandibular incisors after Bionator and Forsus appliance treatment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: The study sample (n = 30) was selected from Class II div. 1 mandibular retrognathia patients treated with the Bionator and Forsus appliances. The first CBCT scans were taken before Bionator use and after 6 months. In the Forsus group, the first CBCT scans were taken before Forsus appliance use and after an overcorrected Class I relationship was obtained. The mean treatment time with the Forsus appliance was 5 +/- 1.2 months. Mimics software was used for segmentation and volumetric measurements of mandibular incisor teeth root resorption. Results: In the Bionator group, statistically significant root volume loss was not found. In the Forsus group, the differences between before and after the treatment were not statistically significant for teeth 41, 31, and 32 (P > 0.05), whereas the difference was statistically significant for the lower right second incisor (P < 0.002). The percentage of volume loss (%) and root volume loss (mm(3)) was not statistically significant between groups. Conclusions: Following functional treatment with the Bionator and Forsus, statistically significant difference was not found between groups for mandibular incisor root resorption.