On the convergence of ecological footprint in African countries: New evidences from panel stationarity tests with factors and gradual shifts

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dc.authoridErdogan, Sinan/0000-0003-3491-8234
dc.contributor.authorBello, Mufutau Opeyemi
dc.contributor.authorErdogan, Sinan
dc.contributor.authorCh'Ng, Kean Siang
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-18T20:16:38Z
dc.date.available2024-09-18T20:16:38Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentHatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractConvergence of the environmental indicators has been one of the significant research areas for researchers since the study of Strazicich and List (2003) was published. Earlier papers have concentrated on investigating the existence of the convergence of indicators of the environment by using carbon emissions as a pollution indicator. However, some researchers have criticized the use of carbon emission as a one-dimensional indicator and pro-posed using ecological footprint as a more comprehensive indicator. The primary aim of this paper is to examine whether stochastic convergence of ecological footprint exists in 49 African countries from 1973 to 2018 by employing a battery of traditional stationarity methods and a newly proposed stationary method with smooth shifts and a combination of p-values. The empirical results show that panel findings of the conventional sta-tionarity test with no structural shifts reveal that ecological footprint follows a stationary process. In contrast, panel findings of the traditional stationarity method with sharp and smooth changes and the newly developed stationary method with smooth shifts and a combination of p-values reveal that ecological footprint follows a non-stationary process. Moreover, the majority of individual results show that the ecological footprint follows a convergent pattern in 38 African countries, whereas it follows a divergent pattern in the remainder. Therefore, the main finding indicates the stochastic convergence of ecological footprint in African countries is validated. The policy outcomes of the empirical results are given in the body of the paper.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of Higher Education Malaysia [FRGS/1/2020/SS0/USM/02/26]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipMinistry of Higher Education Malaysia for Fundamental Research Grant Scheme with Project Code:FRGS/1/2020/SS0/USM/02/26.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116061
dc.identifier.issn0301-4797
dc.identifier.issn1095-8630
dc.identifier.pmid36067660en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85137032595en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116061
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12483/9654
dc.identifier.volume322en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000858990300002en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAcademic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltden_US
dc.relation.ispartofJournal of Environmental Managementen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectEcological footprinten_US
dc.subjectAfricaen_US
dc.subjectConvergenceen_US
dc.subjectStructural breaken_US
dc.subjectFourieren_US
dc.subjectSmooth shiften_US
dc.titleOn the convergence of ecological footprint in African countries: New evidences from panel stationarity tests with factors and gradual shiftsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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