A low-cost prototype optical sensor to evaluate water, macro and micro elements of turfgrass clippings

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dc.authoridSOYSAL, YURTSEVER/0000-0003-0871-8570
dc.authoridSEKERLI, Yunus Emre/0000-0002-7954-8268
dc.contributor.authorSekerli, Yunus Emre
dc.contributor.authorKeskin, Muharrem
dc.contributor.authorSoysal, Yurtsever
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-18T20:15:07Z
dc.date.available2024-09-18T20:15:07Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.departmentHatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractA low-cost prototype optical sensor system was developed to determine water and nutrient concentrations of turfgrass clippings. The indoor sensor included three photodiodes and interference filters (550, 650, and 800 nm). Clipping samples of turfgrass (Lolium perenne L.) were obtained from 12 plots having four different levels of nitrogen (N). Ten different vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated and evaluated. Prediction models were developed by using PLS (Partial Least Square) regression. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) gave the best result for the prediction of water and N concentrations (R-2 = 0.73; SEP = 1.43 % for water, R-2 = 0.68; SEP = 0.28 % for N). Also, NDVI performed well (R-2 > 0.60) with reasonable SEP values for P (SEP = 0.04 %) and K contents (SEP = 0.23 %). GRVI and DVI (G-R) yielded the best result for Ca (R-2 = 0.66; SEP = 0.03 %) and Mg contents (R-2 = 0.47; SEP = 0.01 %). Yet, the prototype sensor did not provide good results for Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn (R-2 < 0.40). The performance of the prototype sensor was also evaluated based on classifying the sample into three groups (low, medium and high). The highest classification success ratio (SR = 80.4 %) was obtained for K while its success for the other nutrients (N, P, Ca, Mg) and water content was lower (50-70 %). A simple and low-cost optical sensor developed in this study offers promising results as it is capable of giving prior knowledge about a number of macro and micro nutrients and water content of turfgrass clippings. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipScientific Research Project (BAP) Office of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University [16529]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was partially financed by the Scientific Research Project (BAP) Office of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University (Project no: 16529) . The authors acknowledge Dr. Nafiz Celiktas, Dr. Selim Eker and Dr. Sait M. Say for their assistance and support for their critical reading and Mr. Mustafa Akkamis, Mr. Cagatay Cam and Ms. Aysel Arslan for their help in data collection. This article was produced from the PhD thesis of Dr. Yunus Emre Sekerli.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.sna.2021.112615
dc.identifier.issn0924-4247
dc.identifier.issn1873-3069
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85102132090en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2021.112615
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12483/9456
dc.identifier.volume323en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000635598600012en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Science Saen_US
dc.relation.ispartofSensors and Actuators A-Physicalen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectDesignen_US
dc.subjectOptical sensoren_US
dc.subjectTurfgrassen_US
dc.subjectNutrient contenten_US
dc.subjectWater contenten_US
dc.subjectPredictionen_US
dc.titleA low-cost prototype optical sensor to evaluate water, macro and micro elements of turfgrass clippingsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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