Extreme geomagnetic field variability indicated by Eastern Mediterranean full-vector archaeomagnetic records

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dc.authoridWebb, Jennifer/0000-0001-6960-787X
dc.authoridHerries, Andy/0000-0002-2905-2002
dc.authoridGreaves, Alan/0000-0002-8004-4702
dc.authoridBiggin, Andrew/0000-0003-4164-5924
dc.contributor.authorErtepinar, P.
dc.contributor.authorHammond, M. L.
dc.contributor.authorHill, M. J.
dc.contributor.authorBiggin, A. J.
dc.contributor.authorLangereis, C. G.
dc.contributor.authorHerries, A. I. R.
dc.contributor.authorYener, K. A.
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-18T20:02:37Z
dc.date.available2024-09-18T20:02:37Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.departmentHatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe magnetic field of the Earth can exhibit considerable variations at short time scales, even as short as decades. The archaeomagnetic studies of Middle Eastern artefacts (mainly from Israel and Jordan) show evidence for an exceptionally high intensity period from 1050-700 BC which displays two distinct spikes over the Levant, the Levantine Iron Age Anomaly (LIAA). Its exact duration and geographical extent are still poorly known. Despite the wealth of ancient settlements, the extensive cultural heritage and a long history of trade and immigration, the archaeomagnetism of Turkey and Cyprus remains largely unexplored. This study presents a large data set of ancient directions and intensities from seven archaeological sites in the Eastern Mediterranean covering a time span of similar to 2000 yrs. The recorded directions from thirteen sets of samples are coherent with our earlier findings, yet show significantly larger swings than existing field models. In particular, we confirm the very large swing in inclination we found earlier, from 1910-1850 BC, that is also captured by the Greek PSV curve, and shallower by more than 10 degrees than predicted by existing field models. Consequently, these models require substantial revision in this region. We were able to determine the archaeointensity from five sets of mud-bricks, from the thirteen attempted, allowing us to provide the full field vector. Furthermore, we present thirty-one new archaeointensity results from potsherds and mud-bricks that considerably enhance existing data, especially when a set of strict selection criteria is applied. Fourteen sets of potsherds from a single site (Tell Atchana) provide the longest sequence recorded so far in Turkey, from 2100 to 1350 BC. We find exceptionally high intensities of 145 and 175 ZAm(2) around 700 BC, in well-dated mud-bricks and potsherds from two different locations (Tell Tayinat and Kilise Tepe), supporting extreme geomagnetic field variability in the region. Moreover, these two high intensities confirm the younger spike of the LIAA in Turkey. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNatural Environment Research Council; NERC [NE/I013873/1]; NERC [NE/I013873/1] Funding Source: UKRIen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipWe are grateful to Nicholas Postgate and Mara Horowitz for engaging in fruitful discussions. Nicholas Postgate is also thanked for supplying the samples from Kilise Tepe. We are grateful to Ben Claasz Coockson and people in the excavation teams who were helpful at all times. We thank Nuretdin Kaymakci -the drilling expert - who has been a great help in the field. MLH acknowledges a Natural Environment Research Council studentship held at the University of Liverpool. NCH acknowledges NERC grant NE/I013873/1. The editor and two reviewers are thanked for their thorough reviews.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115979
dc.identifier.issn0012-821X
dc.identifier.issn1385-013X
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85076238981en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115979
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12483/7914
dc.identifier.volume531en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000510947100034en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevieren_US
dc.relation.ispartofEarth and Planetary Science Lettersen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectarchaeomagnetismen_US
dc.subjectarchaeointensityen_US
dc.subjectTurkeyen_US
dc.subjectCyprusen_US
dc.subjectgeomagnetic spikeen_US
dc.subjectLevantine Iron Age anomalyen_US
dc.titleExtreme geomagnetic field variability indicated by Eastern Mediterranean full-vector archaeomagnetic recordsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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