Predictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countries

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dc.authoridKacmar, Pavol/0000-0003-0076-1945
dc.authoridNussinson, Ravit/0000-0002-7331-548X
dc.authoridAlma, Leyla/0000-0002-4004-3596
dc.authoridKozma, Luca/0000-0002-3297-629X
dc.authoridJanssen, Steve/0000-0002-3100-128X
dc.authoridTouloumakos, Anna K./0000-0002-4610-8418
dc.authoridSemenovskikh, Tatiana/0000-0001-6015-7497
dc.contributor.authorKowal, Marta
dc.contributor.authorSorokowski, Piotr
dc.contributor.authorPisanski, Katarzyna
dc.contributor.authorValentova, Jaroslava V.
dc.contributor.authorVarella, Marco A. C.
dc.contributor.authorFrederick, David A.
dc.contributor.authorAl-Shawaf, Laith
dc.date.accessioned2024-09-18T20:19:55Z
dc.date.available2024-09-18T20:19:55Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.departmentHatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractPeople across the world and throughout history have gone to great lengths to enhance their physical appearance. Evolutionary psychologists and ethologists have largely attempted to explain this phenomenon via mating preferences and strategies. Here, we test one of the most popular evolutionary hypotheses for beauty-enhancing behaviors, drawn from mating market and parasite stress perspectives, in a large cross-cultural sample. We also test hypotheses drawn from other influential and non-mutually exclusive theoretical frameworks, from biosocial role theory to a cultural media perspective. Survey data from 93,158 human participants across 93 countries provide evidence that behaviors such as applying makeup or using other cosmetics, hair grooming, clothing style, caring for body hygiene, and exercising or following a specific diet for the specific purpose of improving ones physical attractiveness, are universal. Indeed, 99% of participants reported spending >10 min a day performing beauty-enhancing behaviors. The results largely support evolutionary hypotheses: more time was spent enhancing beauty by women (almost 4 h a day, on average) than by men (3.6 h a day), by the youngest participants (and contrary to predictions, also the oldest), by those with a relatively more severe history of infectious diseases, and by participants currently dating compared to those in established relationships. The strongest predictor of attractiveness-enhancing behaviors was social media usage. Other predictors, in order of effect size, included adhering to traditional gender roles, residing in countries with less gender equality, considering oneself as highly attractive or, conversely, highly unattractive, TV watching time, higher socioeconomic status, right-wing political beliefs, a lower level of education, and personal individualistic attitudes. This study provides novel insight into universal beauty-enhancing behaviors by unifying evolutionary theory with several other complementary perspectives.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Center, Poland [2019/33/N/HS6/00054]; Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University); Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF; FCT [UID/PSI/03125/2021, SFRH/BD/126304/2016]; UTAR Research Centre Excellence Award; Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman [2019 -CAP (6401/0019)]; Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20H04581] Funding Source: KAKENen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work is the result of the research project funded by the National Science Center, Poland (2019/33/N/HS6/00054). Dmitry Grigoryev was supported by the Basic Research Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE University). Dmitrii Dubrov was supported by the Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF. Patricia Arriaga was supported by the FCT through funds from the research center UID/PSI/03125/2021. Anabela C. Santos was supported by the FCT through funds from a PhD grant SFRH/BD/126304/2016. Kavitha Nalla Muthu and Chee-Seng Tan were supported by the UTAR Research Centre Excellence Award 2019 -CAP (6401/0019) from the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.003
dc.identifier.endpage474en_US
dc.identifier.issn1090-5138
dc.identifier.issn1879-0607
dc.identifier.issue6en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85137282665en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1en_US
dc.identifier.startpage455en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2022.08.003
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12483/9954
dc.identifier.volume43en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000898669000001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Science Incen_US
dc.relation.ispartofEvolution and Human Behavioren_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectEvolutionary theoryen_US
dc.subjectMating market perspectiveen_US
dc.subjectPathogen stressen_US
dc.subjectAppearanceen_US
dc.subjectSelf-modificationen_US
dc.subjectSocial media usageen_US
dc.titlePredictors of enhancing human physical attractiveness: Data from 93 countriesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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